Who's Jaru?

Jia Lu (1297—1353), a native of Gaoping (now Jincheng, Shanxi) in Yuan Dynasty, was a famous minister of river defense and a hydraulic scientist in Yuan Dynasty.

When Jia Lu was a teenager, he was smart, studious and ambitious. When he grows up, he is resourceful. 1343, the history of Liao, Jin and Song was revised, and Karoku was called an official of the Song History Bureau. He has served as professor of Confucianism at Dongping Road, director of the household department, proofreader of Zhongshu Province, and municipal water supervisor. In the meantime, in view of the tragic situation that "the Yellow River overflows and harms people thousands of miles, and the city is poisoned by the people", the people along the river have left their homes and sold their children. In A.D. 135 1 year, Jia personally led the people to build the Yellow River, and led the management of the Yellow River many times to save the people from floods.

Chinese name: Jia Lu

Alias: Youheng

Nationality: China.

Ethnic group: Han nationality

Birthplace: Gaoping, Hedong (now Jincheng, Shanxi)

Date of birth: A.D. 1297

Date of death: A.D. 1353.

Occupation: hydraulic engineer

Main achievements: Shang Shu of the Ministry of Industry, general manager of Hefang, Zuo Cheng of Zhongshu.

Dr. Rong Lu, Master Ji Xian.

Jia Luhe

Masterpiece: Jaruchi River

Historical Achievements: Participated in the compilation of History of Song Dynasty.

biography

Jia Lu, the word Youheng. Gao Ping, a native of Hedong (now Shanxi), was a famous minister of river defense in Yuan Dynasty and an effective water conservancy expert in harnessing the Yellow River. At the age of 28, he was appointed as a professor of Confucianism in Dongping Dao, and was elected as the Prime Minister Dong Caoxun and the Minister of Housing. Later, he was appointed to specialize in the history of Liao, Jin and Song, and was appointed as a Song historian. After Jia Lu served as the proofreader of Zhongshu Province, he put forward tens of thousands of words to reform the current politics in view of the social problems at that time. Zong ordered Jia Lu to supervise the water conservancy of Hangdu. After receiving the task, Jia Lu drew a detailed water control map and put forward two river control schemes. Later, Jia Lu's second plan was adopted. In A.D. 135 1 year, Jia Lu was appointed minister of the Ministry of Industry and general river defense ambassador, and was awarded the silver medal. Jia Lu personally led people to build the Yellow River. Finally, he died in the war to suppress the peasant uprising army at the age of 57.

During the years between Yan You and Zhi Zhi (13 14- 1323), he won the bid twice. In the early years of Taiding (1324), he was appointed as a professor of Confucianism in Dongping Road, and later as Yin in Lucheng County, and was promoted to the post of Minister of the Ministry of Housing. Before taking office, he attended his father's funeral and returned home. Later, it was used as a hospital. At that time, he ordered the revision of the three histories of Song, Liao and Jin and was transferred to the Song History Bureau. After the book was completed, it was moved to Shandong Road, Yannan, to serve as the envoy of the publicity officer. Official to the first place in performance appraisal, transferred to the proofreader of Zhongshu Province. The book points out the disadvantages of the loss of national rental income caused by the merger of the rich and the poor and the diaspora at that time. Soon after, he was appointed as an ancient scholar, suggesting that the ancient scholar should make suggestions directly to the emperor, rather than through other officials. All for promotion. Turn to Lian Fang, Shanbei Road. Dr. was recalled from the Ministry of Industry and proposed 19 project construction proposal. Zheng Zhi nine years, was appointed to preside over the water administration of Lu Yu province. In the 12th year of Zheng Zheng, he was promoted to Zuocheng in Zhongshu, and died the following year. At the age of 57.

Activity trajectory

Yuan extended to the first year

Twice, I brought a tribute to my hometown with Ming Sutra. Taiding first taught Dongping Dao Confucianism professor, and later served as Lucheng County Yin, and was promoted to director of the household department. In the third year of Zheng Zheng's reign (1343), he wrote to repair the history of Liao, Jin and Song Dynasties, and called Jia Lu as an official of the Song History Bureau. He used to be a proofreader in Zhongshu Province, a censor, an associate historian in Lian Fang, northern Shaanxi, and a doctor in the Ministry of Industry. In the meantime, in view of the tragic situation that "the Yellow River overflows, harms thousands of miles, the city is flooded, the houses are floating, the crops are rotten, and people are poisoned", the people along the river have left their homes and sold their children. Jia Lu led many times to harness the Yellow River and save people from floods.

May of the 4th year in Zheng Zheng (1344)

The Yellow River will change its direction. The river washed away the Baimao levee in the north of Cao County, Shandong Province, and the water depth of the flat land was more than 20 feet. In June, the Golden Dike broke in the north and all the coastal counties were flooded. Today, the border areas of Henan, Shandong, Anhui and Jiangsu have become a country of Wan Li. In order to ensure the navigation of the canal, protect the salt fields along the coast of Shandong and Hebei from being washed away by the Yellow River, and alleviate the resistance of the people in the Yellow River flooded area, the Yuan government had to harness the Yellow River on a large scale.

Zheng Zheng eight years (1348) in February.

The Yuan government set up a water supervisor in Yuncheng, Jining, and appointed Jia Lu as the water ambassador. In May of the following year, water supervisors were set up in Shandong, Henan and other places to take charge of river disasters. Prime Minister Tuotuo called his ministers to discuss the "general plan for river management", and Jia Lu argued that "river management must be done" and "Nanhe River and Saibei River must be dredged, so the old road can be resumed, and it is impossible to prosper and harm". During this time, Jia Lu "inspected its terrain and prepared its main points." Traveling thousands of miles along the river, he caught the key point of the river disaster. He painted a picture of what he observed and put forward two schemes for river regulation: "First, build a north dike to prevent the river from collapsing;" The first is to simultaneously clear the traffic and take the eastbound road to restore the old road. " Finally decided to adopt the latter scheme. In the eleventh year of Zheng Zhi (135 1), on the fourth day of April, Jia Lu was ordered to be the minister of the Ministry of Industry, the chief of the river defense, the second grade and the silver seal. 1.5 million migrant workers, 20,000 petty officers, helping the river.

Make a contribution

Appointed governor of the capital.

After he became the governor of the capital, he made a field trip along the river, traveled thousands of miles, obtained first-hand information on river regulation, and submitted a drawing report to the court, and put forward two schemes for river regulation: first, build a dike on the north bank of the new river below the breach to limit the cross-flow of the river, with a small amount of work; First, blocking the breach, dredging the downstream river at the same time and pulling the river back to the original river, this is a multiplier effect. Although his plan was not adopted and the court removed him from the post of navigation and water supervision, his understanding of the seriousness of the river disaster strengthened his views on river regulation.

In May, 1999, the water burst into Pei County in Northeast China and rushed into the Grand Canal, endangering water transportation and saltworks. This winter, after Tuotuo became the right prime minister again, he set up a Council of Ministers to manage the river. As an envoy of the capital, Jia Lu participated in the seminar on river regulation, and once again put forward his own two schemes for river regulation. Although many ministers at the meeting opposed Jia Lu's plan and other plans, Jia Lu further stated his ideas. Tuotuo made a decisive decision and decided to adopt Jia Lu's latter scheme. In the 11th year of Zheng Zheng, 55-year-old Jia Lu became the minister of the Ministry of Industry and the general's river defense ambassador, commanding150,000 militia and 20,000 elite soldiers, and started the famous "Jia Luhe Governance" in the history of Yellow River governance.

Successful river management

Jarumida is very capable and dedicated. Facing the roaring Yellow River, he adopted the general plan of dredging, dredging and blocking simultaneously. In dredging, whenever new land is opened up, it is necessary to dredge, so the old road is high and low, the river is flat, wide and narrow, and the river is straight, silted, diverted and drained. In the process of plugging, the embankment with thin base should be reinforced; Break the estuary and build a dam to block its flow. Jia Lu personally directed more than 300 miles of the Yellow River regulation site and supervised inspections. When it's time to drain, it's time to block. If it is necessary to prevent, it should be prevented. If it must be discharged, it will make the river not backwater when it is high and not deposit (accumulate water) when it is low. When it is not flooded, it will take advantage of the situation and adapt to local conditions. When intercepting the Huanglinggang levee breach in Cao Xian County, Shandong Province, a "stone boat levee" was built layer by layer because of its great breach potential. A levee, the water is fierce. If it falls from the sky and growls, it will still shake the dike. "The audience feels chestnuts, and the discussion is boiling." I thought it was hard to get together. Jia Lu looked motionless and took the opportunity to solve the problem. He gave the construction workers "more rewards and words, sincere words, and everyone is grateful to work." After a soul-stirring struggle, the vast river closure project in Huanglinggang was finally completed. The river regulation project began on April 22, and in July, more than 280 miles of rivers have been cut. In August, the newly dug river channel was introduced into the river channel, and the ship sailed in September. 1 1 month, the embankment will be built, and the whole line will be connected, so that the river will return to its original road and flow south into the sea, and the river regulation will be completed. Jia Lu returned to North Korea and went to Shun Di to get the river map.

Posterity evaluation

The achievements of Jia Luzhi River were highly praised by people at that time and later generations. Shun Di named Rong Lu as a doctor and scholar in Jixian County. He also ordered Ouyang Xuan, a bachelor of Hanlin, to write "Peace Monument" in order to cure the river from overwork. The inscription reads: "Luneng did his best, was resourceful, relied on his strong spirit and courage, and did not hesitate to die, and was not afraid of ridicule and criticism from others", "Lu knows river affairs, so this is the case". A Qing Xu Gan once said, "Those who can talk about the river in ancient times are like Jia Jean of Han Dynasty and Jia Lu of Yuan Dynasty". Jin Fu, a water conservancy expert in Qing Dynasty, praised Jia Lu's method of blocking the river with a stone boat levee: "Jia Lu's intelligence and wisdom are unparalleled, and his playing speed is unprecedented." In memory of him, there are two rivers in Lu Yu named Jia Luhe.

River regulation time

The river regulation project presided over by Jia Lu began in April of the eleventh year. The dredging project was completed in July, and the water was discharged into the old stadium in August. In September, the boat series passed and the mouth plugging project began. 1 1 month, carpentry was completed, and various dikes were built. The whole project is 190 days.

River management method

Jia Lu's method of harnessing the river is to unblock the blockage at the same time, unblock the blockage first, and adopt the scheme of easy before difficult. He considered that dredging had the largest workload, but it was relatively easy. Before the flood season comes, the dredging project can be controlled within the geotechnical range, which can greatly shorten the construction period. Therefore, the whole river regulation is divided into dredging the old river, blocking the breaches and gaps in the upper and lower reaches of the old Yellow River, building the north bank dike and blocking the crevasse of imperata.

The first major project

The first major project is to dredge the old Yellow River from Huanglinggang to Hazhikou and the Jianshui River from Aoli Village to Yangqingshu. Because the river is high and low, wide and narrow, different dredging methods must be adopted according to the actual situation. The construction starts from Huanglinggang, South Erli, Baimaokou to the east, opens a new river for ten miles to reach Nanbaimao, and then opens a new river for ten miles to Liuzhuang Village, connecting with the old road. 102 takes 280 steps from Liu Zhuang to Gu Jun, and 80 steps from Huanggu to Hajiakou at 5 1. The mainstream project is 182 Li Long. In order to prevent the river from raging after interception, the Lishui River in Aoli Village was specially dredged, and the old river was widened from Aoli Village to 82 Li 54 steps, from Zhanghuodian to Yang Qing Village, and the 60 steps in 13 were connected with the old road. This section of Jianshui River is 98 miles long and has 54 steps. They are all 280 miles long and have 54 steps.

The second largest project

The second major project is to plug gaps and ditches and build dikes. After the dike burst four years ago, the banks of the old Yellow River have been riddled with holes. In order to avoid the danger of overflow after the river returns to the old river, Jia Lu dredged the old river and excavated the Jianshui River. At the same time, he built a special gap for interception and the Jianshui River gap in the concave, and repaired the gap at 107, which was more than 300 miles from Harbin to Xuzhou. At the same time, cross-strait dike projects are also advancing. Due to the low terrain, the revetment dike is built on the north bank with different heights and widths, with a total length of 254 Li 7 1 steps, in which the old dike runs from Baimao Hekou to Qingzhou Bancheng, 25 Li 85 steps, and the plank road runs to Yingxian Village in Dangshan County, with a total length of 200 steps 133 Li. The third major project is to block the Baimaokou and let the Yellow River return to its original road. This project is the key to the success of river regulation. In August, the water was released to the dredged old road.

Prior to this, considering that the river was in a big situation and it was in the flood season of autumn rising, Jia Lu built two groins on the north bank of the west side of Koumen, with a total length of 26 miles and 200 steps. It is used to reduce the flow potential at the entrance. River-intercepting levees of 19 Li and 177 class were also built, of which the total length of the north bank of Huangling was 10 Li and 4 1 class. We built a levee on the west bank of the entrance and extended it into the water. We built the levee, which is a one-stop tail levee and arrived at Longkou. The south bank of Huangling is 9 miles long 160 steps. The water-fetching dike and the river-intercepting dike are relatively short, while the north of Juehe River is more than 400 steps wide. The middle reaches are more than 3 feet deep, and the current is 8/ 10 more than before. In the original estuary, the river washed the bank and ran northward, making it difficult to get off the boat. If a large amount of river water flows into the river, the old river will be silted up, and all previous efforts will be wasted. At this critical moment, Jia Lu put forward a new plan after careful consideration to prevent the river from flooding into the old river.

Effect of river regulation

First of all, Jaru arranged 27 large ships against the current by blocking the breakwater. The front and back are connected with big masts or long piles, tied together with hemp ropes and bamboo rafts to form an ark, and then the hull is tied up and down with ropes to make it strong. At this time, the iron anchor was thrown into the water. Seven or eight hundred feet long bamboo poles are tied to wooden stakes on both sides of the river, and two or three boats are hung from each bamboo pole, so that the boats will not go down the river. The hull is slightly covered with loose grass, filled with pebbles, covered with surface nails, covered with tight joints, or covered with two or three layers, tied with hemp rope, and put three cross bars. Then choose migrant workers with good water quality, two people in each boat, holding axes and chisels, standing at the bow and stern of the ship, listening to the drums on the shore and digging, and the sunken ship blocked the estuary. After the ship sank, the water flowed into the old river, then a water curtain was built, and the previous method was used again, and the operation was repeated. However, because the water potential is too large and the sealing is extremely thrilling, it is more difficult to reach the estuary in ten or twenty steps. Water will burst and sink. At this time, Jia Lu showed amazing calm and still ordered more than 10 thousand people to help, carry and fold. Finally, in 1 1 month, Longkou was blocked, the burst Yellow River stopped flooding, and the old road began to flow again. Jia Lu's great creation in plugging technology-stone boat dike water plugging method has achieved complete success.

River regulation cost

The cost of the whole river regulation project is considerable. According to statistics, about 27,000 wooden stakes were used, 666,000 elms and willow branches, 7.335 million cattails, 625,000 bamboo poles, 2,000 gravel boats, 57,000 ropes, and/or 0/27 boats were sunk. There are countless other materials such as reed mats, bamboo poles, iron wires, iron anchors and large needles. A total of 65,438+0,840,5630 ingots were used. The scale of the project is rare in the history of river regulation in ancient China. In memory of Jia Lu, people named a river in Zhongmou, Henan Province as Jia Luhe.

Governing the river commemorates the return of the Yellow River to its original road, and the Bianhe River flows into the Huaihe River, and the local area has recovered its vitality. In memory of him, people changed the name of Bianhe to Jia Luhe, and named the place where he once lived as Jia Luhe Village, and the local people called it Jiahe for short. Up to now, the village land temple still has the inscription of "Jia Luhe".

Jiahe Village is now located in Huiji District, Zhengzhou City.

Jia Luhe

introduce

There is a river that has been flowing for more than two thousand years in Henan, and it is Jia Luhe. Turning over the map of Henan, we can see that today's Jia Luhe originates in xinmi city, flows northeast through Zhengzhou, turns eastward to the northern suburb of the city, passes through Zhongmou, enters Kaifeng, passes through Weishi County, then enters Sha Ying in Zhoukou City, and finally flows into Huaihe River. The total length is 255.8 kilometers, and the familiar Jinshui River, Suoxu River, Xiong 'er River, Qili River and Dongfeng Canal are its tributaries. In ancient times, the Jialu River was rich in resources and could be reached by boat, and was often flooded. So the ancients called it the Little Yellow River. Today, Jia Luhe is the longest and widest river except the Yellow River.

history

Jia Luhe can be regarded as a thousand-year-old river. Some people have verified that its predecessor was the "gap" between Chu and Han. According to historical records, this gap was cut by Wei in the Warring States Period and opened ten years ago (36 1 year ago). Therefore, the Yellow River water was introduced into Putian in the north of Xingyang city today, and then flowed eastward through Kaifeng, and then flowed southward into Heying River. The main purpose of excavation at that time was to irrigate farmland. Later, after more than 20 years of development, in the thirty-first year (the first 339 years), Hebei, Pu, Sui, Ying, Ru and Si became the main waterways in the Central Plains at that time, mainly forming a waterway transportation network and a large-scale irrigation area. Therefore, the gorge area also had a very important strategic position at that time and became a battleground for military strategists. At the end of Qin Dynasty, Xiang Yu, the overlord of Chu, confronted Liu Bang, the king of Han. Later, Chu and Han agreed that "the world is divided by the gap, and the west of the gap is Han and the east is Chu". This famous gap in history is today's Jia Luhe. Jia Luhe

meaning

If the "gap" is true, then Jia Luhe is nearly 2370 years old. During Hongzhi period of Ming Dynasty, the Yellow River burst again and Jia Luhe silted up. While harnessing the Yellow River, the Ming government dredged the Jia Luhe and repaired the banks of the river on a large scale. At this point, Jia Luhe ushered in the second golden season of grain transportation since the Northern Song Dynasty, and its prosperity reached its peak. It is said that at that time, there were more than 200 ships moored at Zhuxian Town Wharf on the Jialu River, and archaeologists excavated a considerable weight anchor here, which proved that there was a cargo ship with a considerable load on the Jialu River at that time. Through the time of history, it seems that you can vaguely see the ships shuttling back and forth on the turbulent river, the migrant workers bending over and working hard on the dock, the shore full of all kinds of goods and food that can't be moved, the hawking sound from the busy market, and the boatman's singing melodiously. This prosperity in Jia Luhe lasted until the middle of Qing Dynasty.

/kloc-At the end of 0/9, the Yellow River flooded again and Jia Luhe silted up again. After that, the current gradually narrowed and finally it was impossible to sail. All the prosperity no longer exists and becomes a thing of the past. Lonely and calm, this state has accompanied Jia Luhe through modern times until today. Although it has been unable to bear heavy transportation, as the second water source for Zhengzhou citizens' life and industry, it is still benefiting the Central Plains.

geographical position

The direction of Jia Luhe in Xingyang is from south to north. On the way, several medium-sized reservoirs, such as Ding Dian, Chulou, Wang He and Tanggang, are distributed in the river course, turning northeast in Xingyang, bordering Zhengzhou in the north and zhongmou county and Kaifeng in the southeast. So from the map, Zhengzhou seems to be close to the Yellow River, but a considerable part of its jurisdiction does not belong to the Yellow River Basin, but belongs to the Huaihe River Basin. However, because the northern part of Xingyang was once a swamp (Yingze) formed by the flood of the Yellow River in history, it is very close to the present Jia Luhe.