How to choose the position of water intake for water diversion with dam

I think that the project of diverting water from the Yangtze River to the Han River is a large-scale water conveyance project from Jingjiang section of the Yangtze River to Xinglong section of gaoshibei Town of the Han River, which belongs to one of the middle and lower reaches of the Han River. The total length of the waterway is about 67.23 kilometers, with an average annual water transport capacity of 3.7 billion cubic meters, including 365.438 billion cubic meters of Hanjiang River and 600 million cubic meters of Dongjing River. The main task of the project is to supplement the water reduced by the first phase of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project to the reach below Xinglong of the Han River, and improve the ecological, irrigation, water supply and shipping water conditions of the reach. The project of "Diversion from the Yangtze River to the Han River" aims to dig an artificial canal from the main stream of the Yangtze River to "replenish water" to the Han River, its largest tributary. According to the current planning, the project will divert water from Zhou Huan, Jingzhou, Yangtze River to gaoshibei, Qianjiang section of Hanjiang River, with a total length of 67. 1 km. Its main task is to meet the needs of ecological environment water, irrigation outside the river, water supply and shipping water below Xinglong in Hanjiang River. Hubei South-to-North Water Diversion Project Construction Administration said that the project of "Diversion from the Yangtze River to the Han River" can basically solve the impact of 9.5 billion cubic meters of water transfer in the first phase of the middle line project on the "water bloom" in the lower reaches of the Han River, solve the irrigation water source problem of the Dongjing River, and alleviate the contradiction of water reduction in the middle and lower reaches after the South-to-North Water Diversion Project. For millions of years, the Hanjiang River has been the largest tributary of the Yangtze River. In four years, the Han River will flow with the water of the Yangtze River. On June 27th, 2009, the navigation control project of 165438+ Diversion from the Yangtze River to the Han River was recently started in Qianjiang City, Hubei Province, which marked that the largest project in the middle and lower reaches of the Han River "Diversion from the Yangtze River to the Han River" entered the substantive construction stage. Four years later, the Yangtze River water washed down from the Three Gorges will be diverted from Libu Zhenjiang section of Jingzhou City, and the diverted part will cross Jingjiang levee and Hanyi Expressway, cross Jianghan Plain to the north, and finally merge into the Han River in gaoshibei Town of Qianjiang City. This artificial river with a total length of 67 kilometers and a width of 100 meters will connect two dragons in the central region. "The construction of the' Diversion from the Yangtze River to the Han River' project is to make up for the rapid reduction of the water volume of the Han River caused by the South-to-North Water Transfer Project in the future." An official of Hubei South-to-North Water Diversion Bureau said. According to the plan, the Middle Route of South-to-North Water Transfer Project takes water from Danjiangkou Reservoir in the upper reaches of Hanjiang River. By then, only the first phase of water intake will reduce the water consumption in the middle and lower reaches of the Hanjiang River by 1/4, which will directly affect the lives of tens of millions of people and the industrial and agricultural water consumption in this basin. In the past few years, all areas along the Yangtze River affected by water intake have applied to the central government for compensation for water transfer. Until the end of 2008, the feasibility study report of four renovation projects in the middle and lower reaches of the Hanjiang River with a total investment of 8.4 billion yuan was approved by the State Council, and "Diversion of the Yangtze River to the Han River" was included in the water transfer compensation project. However, this compensation project is causing new thinking. "Although the compensation scheme can effectively increase the downstream water quantity, the change of river relationship caused by water transfer from the main stream to the tributary may lead to new ecological problems." An expert from Hubei Academy of Environmental Sciences thinks. At the same time, the middle route project of South-to-North Water Transfer Project, which cost hundreds of billions, has been delayed due to compensation disputes, ecological impact, water source migration and other issues. Water transfer compensation "After the project is completed, the Yangtze River water will flow into the Han River, which can replenish more than one billion cubic meters of water for the lower reaches of the Han River every year." An official of the South-to-North Water Diversion Bureau of Hubei Province said that the designed water inflow of "Diversion from the Yangtze River to the Han River" is 350 cubic meters per second, and the maximum water diversion is 500 cubic meters per second. The project of "Diversion from the Yangtze River to the Han River" was originally designed with only the function of passing water, but in order to give full play to the benefits of the project, the navigation function was added in the feasibility study stage: the project will be built according to the standard of restricted third-class waterway, and ships of 1000 tons can pass by then. This artificial river channel will also become a navigable canal, shortening the water transport distance between the Yangtze River and the middle reaches of the Han River by 600 kilometers. Increase the original planned total investment from 4.7 billion yuan to more than 6 billion yuan. Among them, the Yangtze River water intake project will build a 60-meter-wide Longzhou dike sluice, pumping station and water conveyance channel project at the bottom of the canal, which will be the largest water conservancy and shipping hub group except the Three Gorges Project. The transfer of water from the Yangtze River to the Han River is due to the start of the Middle Route Project of South-to-North Water Transfer. According to the initial plan of the middle route water transfer, Danjiangkou Reservoir, the water source in the upper reaches of Hanjiang River, will transfer more than 9 billion cubic meters of water to the north every year, and the later water transfer is expected to reach 654.38+03 billion-654.38+04 billion cubic meters. The plan aims to solve the water shortage problem in Beijing, Hebei and Henan provinces, the "water receiving areas" in northern China, by 2030. However, due to the upstream water transfer, the water quantity, water level and water quality in the middle and lower reaches of the Hanjiang River will be greatly reduced. Only in the Xiangyang section of the middle reaches, the inflow after the initial water transfer will be reduced by more than 26%. "The middle and lower reaches of the Hanjiang River are the core areas of Jianghan Plain. There are120,000 people,170,000 mu of cultivated land, and many industrial bases, which will be affected by water transfer." A person from the Bureau of Surveying and Mapping said. In 2006, Hubei Province submitted an environmental impact assessment report on the middle and lower reaches of the Hanjiang River to the National South-to-North Water Transfer Office. Shen Xiaoyu, the drafter of the report and chief engineer of Hubei Academy of Environmental Sciences, said that the decline in water volume will directly affect urban life, industrial and agricultural production and shipping and water conservancy in the middle and lower reaches of the Han River; In addition, it will also induce ecological disasters such as "water bloom" and species reduction. Hubei proposed that the four major control projects in the middle and lower reaches of the Hanjiang River should be included in the overall planning of the middle route of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project, and demanded ecological compensation. Immediately, the feasibility study reports of the four projects were reported to the National Development and Reform Commission. These four control projects are: "Diversion from the Yangtze River to the Han River", Xinglong Water Control Project and the middle reaches of the Han River.