What is the significance of the six forestry projects?

Six forestry projects: a great measure to rebuild beautiful mountains and rivers

Strengthening ecological construction and maintaining ecological security is the same theme that human beings are facing in the 2 1 century, and it is also an important foundation for the sustainable development of China's economy and society. To build a well-off society in an all-round way and accelerate socialist modernization, we must take the road of civilized development of production development, affluent life and good ecology, realize the coordination between economy and population, resources and environment, and realize the harmonious coexistence between man and nature. Forest is the main body of terrestrial ecosystem. Forestry is an important public welfare undertaking and basic industry, which undertakes the important tasks of ecological construction and forest product supply. It is of great significance to do a good job in forestry.

For a long time, our party and government have attached great importance to forestry construction, formulated a series of principles and policies, and adopted effective measures, which have made great achievements in China's forestry. The preserved area of artificial forests in China is 47 million hectares, accounting for 26% of the total area of artificial forests in the world, ranking first in the world. The national forest area and volume reached 65.438+600 million hectares and 65.438+0.249 billion cubic meters respectively, and the forest coverage rate increased to 654.38+06.55%, realizing the double growth of forest area and volume.

At the turn of the century, China Municipal Government adhered to the people-oriented principle, established and implemented a forestry development strategy focusing on ecological construction, established a national ecological security system with forest vegetation as the main body and a beautiful ecological civilization society, and made major decisions on implementing six forestry projects, including natural forest resources protection project, returning farmland to forests project and Beijing-Tianjin sandstorm source control project. Key shelterbelt projects in the three northern regions and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, wildlife protection and nature reserve construction projects, and fast-growing and high-yield timber forest base construction projects in key areas.

The six major forestry projects involve more than 97% of counties, cities, districts and banners in China, with planned afforestation tasks exceeding 76 million hectares and planned investment exceeding 700 billion yuan. The construction contents include resource protection, land greening, soil erosion control, sand control, wetland protection, biodiversity protection and commercial forest base construction. Since the pilot and full-scale start-up, the project has completed a total afforestation area of 20,097,500 hectares with a total investment of 94.67 billion yuan.

The implementation of six key forestry projects marks that China's forestry construction has ended the long-term timber production era and entered a new era of ecological construction. The six forestry projects have become a beacon of China's coastal area and a pioneering work of the world's ecological construction.

I. Natural Forest Resources Protection Project

Natural forest resources protection project mainly solves the problems of natural forest recuperation and recovery and development. This project was piloted in 1998, and was fully launched in 17 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government in 2000. By the end of 2003, all kinds of funds had invested 38.075 billion yuan, and achieved initial results.

1. The situation of over-logging has changed, and it is increasing year by year. According to preliminary statistics, the consumption of forest resources has been reduced by 320 million cubic meters in five years, and the forest coverage rate of key state-owned forest areas in Northeast China and Inner Mongolia has increased by 5.58 percentage points, reaching 77.6 1%, realizing the synchronous growth of forest area and stock.

2. The degradation trend of forest ecological function has eased, and the ecological situation in some areas has improved obviously. According to the sampling survey of 22 counties in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River, the area of soil erosion decreased by 5.99%, and the sediment concentration in the Yangtze River decreased in an all-round way. The growing environment of animals and plants has been effectively improved, and the biodiversity has been continuously improved.

3. The economic situation of enterprises in forest areas began to improve, and the characteristic economy such as forest tourism, forest food and medicinal materials, lint products collection and processing rose rapidly, and the industrial structure adjustment achieved initial results.

4. Resettlement of 665,000 surplus staff and workers in forestry enterprises in different ways, including 365,438 employees at one time, the number of employees engaged in forest harvesting decreased from 375,000 to 65,438, and the number of forest managers increased from 45,900 to 205,300.

5. The expenditures on social functions such as culture, education, sports, health, public security and law, which were originally undertaken by forestry enterprises, were subsidized by the central government, and 906,000 people respectively entered the provinces, prefectures and counties for social and industrial pension, thus reducing the burden on enterprises and promoting the development vitality of forestry enterprises.

Second, the project of returning farmland to forests.

The project of returning farmland to forests mainly solves the problems of soil erosion and land desertification in key areas. 1999 in accordance with the policy of "returning farmland to forests, closing hillsides to facilitate afforestation, taking food as relief, and contracting by individuals", Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Gansu provinces took the lead in the pilot project, which was fully implemented in 25 provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government, and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps in 2002. The implementation of the project of returning farmland to forests is deeply welcomed by grassroots cadres and masses, and is called "moral project" and "popular project" by the broad masses of cadres and masses. In 2003, experts from all sides made a mid-term evaluation on the project of returning farmland to forests, and concluded that the decision of returning farmland to forests in China was correct, the preferential policies were specific, leaders at all levels paid attention to it, and farmers were satisfied. The project is progressing smoothly and has achieved initial results.

Returning farmland to forests in five years 1500 hectares. The average coverage rate of forest and grass increased by more than 2 percentage points, more than 7.2 million hectares of sloping farmland and desertified farmland were effectively controlled, and the amount of sediment input into rivers was significantly reduced.

2. After returning farmland to forests, due to the transfer and concentration of production factors, farmers have increased their investment in uncultivated farmland, and improved the comprehensive grain production capacity of unit land by improving multiple cropping index and strengthening farmland capital construction.

3. Returning farmland to forests has accelerated the pace of rural industrial restructuring. All localities have actively explored eco-economic governance models, cultivated green industries and developed characteristic economies, and some areas have embarked on a benign development path.

More than 49,700 farmers directly benefited from the state subsidies for the project of returning farmland to forests, and each farmer received a living allowance of 40 yuan and 247 kilograms of grain subsidies every year. Farmers have also liberated the labor force, engaged in diversified operations and sideline production, and broadened the channels for increasing income.

Third, the Beijing-Tianjin sandstorm source control project

The sandstorm source control project in Beijing and Tianjin is the backbone project to build an ecological barrier between Beijing and Tianjin, and it is also an important measure for China to fulfill the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification and improve the world ecological situation. The project began to be implemented in June 2000, and by the end of June 2004, the control task of 49 1 10,000 hectares had been completed, with remarkable results.

1, which improved the ecological situation of the capital and its surrounding areas. The coverage rate of forest and grass vegetation in the project area has generally increased by about 20%, and most of the wasteland in the past has been covered with green clothes; The dusty weather is decreasing year by year, and the air quality has improved, and the inhalable particulate matter in Beijing has decreased by 7.8%. Guanting Reservoir, Miyun Reservoir and Panjiakou Reservoir are restricted by upstream sediment deposition to some extent. According to the positioning monitoring, the sediment discharge of Miyun Reservoir has decreased by more than 654.38+10,000 tons in four years.

2. In the implementation of afforestation in barren hills, grazing prohibition, ecological migration and other projects, all localities have actively guided farmers and herdsmen to adjust and optimize the structure of breeding industry, and a number of economic forest industries with high added value and efficient livestock and poultry breeding have begun to take shape. 1.622 million people directly benefited from the project construction, and the local economy showed a benign development momentum.

Four, the three North and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and other key shelter forest projects

Key shelterbelt projects in the Three North Areas and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River mainly solve the ecological problems different from those in other areas. Specifically, it includes the Three-North Shelterbelt Project, the Yangtze River, Coastal and Pearl River Shelterbelt Project, Taihang Mountain and Plain Greening Project.

The construction scope of the Three-North Shelterbelt Project starts from Binxian County, Heilongjiang Province in the east, reaches the Uzbek Pass in Xinjiang in the west, and reaches the national border in the north. It is 4480 kilometers long from east to west and 560 to 1.460 kilometers wide from north to south. Known as the "Green Great Wall" of China, it includes 590 counties in 13 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, with a total construction area of 4.069 million square meters. By the end of 2000, the first three phases of the project had been completed, and the afforestation area was more than 22 million hectares. The main results are as follows:

1. In key areas of soil erosion such as the Loess Plateau and mountainous areas in North China, more than 5.5 million hectares of soil and water conservation forests have been built, with water conservation forests 1 10,000 hectares, and the soil erosion control area is nearly10.4 million square kilometers, and about 40% of the soil erosion area has been controlled.

2.* * * More than 2 million hectares of farmland shelterbelts have been built, and 210.3 million hectares have been planted, accounting for 64% of the total cultivated land area in the Three North Areas.

3. The stock of standing trees in the Three North Areas reached 997 million cubic meters, more than 3.6 million hectares of economic forests were developed, and a number of famous, special, excellent and new fruit bases were built, with an annual output of dried and fresh fruits/kloc-0.255 million tons and a total output value of/kloc-0.70 billion yuan.

The five major shelterbelt system construction projects, including the Yangtze River Basin Shelterbelt Project, the Pearl River Basin Shelterbelt Project, the Coastal Shelterbelt Project, the Taihang Mountain Greening Project and the Plain Greening Project, involve 3 1 0.9 million counties in each province, autonomous region and municipality directly under the Central Government, and basically cover major ecologically fragile areas such as soil erosion, sandstorm and saline-alkali land in China. Since the start of 1989 project and the implementation of 14 project, * * has completed afforestation of 1 9210.7 million hectares, and achieved remarkable ecological, economic and social benefits.

Since the implementation of the Yangtze River Shelterbelt Project, the forest coverage rate has increased to 29.5%, with a net increase of 9.6%. The soil erosion control area was 65,000 square kilometers, and the soil erosion in the control area was reduced to 540 million tons, a decrease of 42.0%. The coastal shelterbelt project has built or updated 5672 kilometers of coastal trunk forest belts, and the area of soil erosion in coastal areas has been reduced to 28.8438+0,000 hectares, a decrease of 654.38+0.0856 million hectares. The construction of the Pearl River Shelterbelt Project has increased the forestland area by 2.23 million hectares, an increase of 6.4%. The forest coverage rate increased by 1.58%, reaching 46. 15%. Taihang Mountain greening project reduced the barren hills suitable for forest in the project area to 6.5438+0.836 million hectares; The area of soil erosion was reduced to 49,000 square kilometers; The annual soil erosion decreased to 1.65438+ 1 100 million tons, a decrease of 26.7%. The greening construction in the plain increased the forest coverage rate in the plain area to 15.7%, an increase of 8.4 percentage points. Farmland forest network has protected 32.56 million hectares of basic farmland, accounting for 70.7% of the basic farmland area in the construction area, and the greening rate on both sides of roads, ditches and rivers has reached over 85%.

1. The preliminarily established shelter forest system has formed an ecological barrier for regional agricultural production and water conservancy facilities, enhanced the ability to resist natural disasters such as drought, flood and sandstorm, expanded the living space of organisms, and the population of rare animals and plants has also been increasing.

2. Adhering to the principle of ecological priority, a number of timber forests and economic forest bases have been built, which has promoted local people to get rid of poverty and become rich and rural economic growth. According to statistics, in 2000, the gross national product of Taihang Mountain Greening Project Area was 1.389 billion yuan, an increase of 3.4 times. The per capita net income of farmers is 2050 yuan, of which fruit income is 457 yuan, initially forming a production base of forest products resources.

Five, wildlife protection and nature reserve construction projects

Wildlife protection and nature reserve construction projects mainly solve the problems of species protection, nature protection and wetland protection. The scope of the project includes typical and representative natural ecosystems, natural distribution areas of rare and endangered wild animals and plants, ecologically fragile areas and wet areas. Since the implementation of the project, wildlife and wetland protection has been further incorporated into the comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development strategy, effectively protecting valuable natural heritage and achieving remarkable results:

1. More than 600 nature reserves including forest type, wetland type, wildlife type and desert type have been established. By the end of 2003, there were 1.538 nature reserves established and managed by the national forestry system, with a total area of 1. 1.08 billion hectares. There are 164 national nature reserves managed by the national forestry system, with an area of 7 137.38+00000 hectares; There are 5 1 2 18 nature reserves with a total area of 7.3008 million hectares. There are 2 1 wetlands of international importance in China, covering an area of 3.03 million hectares. These nature reserves have effectively protected 40% of China's natural wetlands, more than 300 species of key wild animals and 130 species of key wild plants, and initially formed a protected area network with reasonable layout, complete types and complete functions.

2. Remarkable achievements have been made in rescuing rare species. With the implementation of the project, the construction of rare species rescue system formed over the years has been further strengthened and developed. At present, more than 250 wild animal rescue and breeding bases and 400 wild plant germplasm resources preservation or gene preservation centers have been established nationwide, and artificial populations have been established for more than 200 rare and endangered wild animals and thousands of wild plants, so that a considerable number of extremely endangered species can avoid extinction under artificial conditions and some species begin to return to nature.

3, the scale of artificial cultivation of wild animal and plant resources. There are 24,500 economic wildlife breeding units, 243 wildlife parks and zoos, and 245 botanical gardens and botanical gardens 1. 1.5, with an annual output value of more than 56 billion yuan, which not only meets the social needs, but also promotes the protection of wild resources.

4. With the implementation of the project, the management and protection system of wildlife, wetlands and nature reserves has been greatly strengthened, and a relatively complete legal and regulatory system, administrative management system, law enforcement supervision system and scientific and technological support system have been initially formed.

Six, key areas of fast-growing and high-yield timber forest base construction projects

The construction project of fast-growing and high-yield forest base in key areas mainly solves the problem of wood supply, and at the same time reduces the pressure of wood demand on natural forest resources, providing an important guarantee for the other five ecological construction. The project is located in 18 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government, with relatively gentle terrain, good site conditions and superior natural conditions, which will not adversely affect the ecological environment, and other areas with conditions for developing fast-growing forests. By the end of 2003, the construction project of fast-growing and high-yield forest base in key areas 18 provinces invested 702.83 million yuan, and the fast-growing and high-yield forest183,985 hectares was newly built and renovated, with increasingly obvious economic benefits.

Fast-growing forest project gives full play to the advantages of intensive labor force, high industrial relevance and remarkable demonstration and pulling effect, creating millions of jobs and attracting a large number of surplus employees from enterprises and rural surplus labor. The implementation of the fast-growing forest project has effectively promoted the coordinated development of forestry industry and wood utilization industries such as papermaking, and laid a solid foundation for alleviating the contradiction between wood supply and demand in China, realizing the transformation from cutting natural forests to cutting artificial forests, coordinating urban and rural development, promoting farmers' income, improving the level of forestry industrialization, and implementing a comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable Scientific Outlook on Development.

With the development of economy, the progress of society and the improvement of people's living standards, the requirements of society for accelerating forestry development and improving ecological conditions are becoming more and more urgent. It has become an urgent requirement for sustainable economic and social development to implement six key forestry projects, promote the historic transformation of forestry and realize the leap-forward development of forestry.

"Promoting great development with big projects" is the basic strategic way to realize the leap-forward development of forestry in China. Through the implementation of six key forestry projects, we will strictly protect, vigorously cultivate and rationally utilize forest resources, and strive to achieve a national forest coverage rate of more than 19% by 2065, alleviate soil erosion in major river basins and desertification in major sandstorm areas, initially curb the deterioration trend of the national ecological environment, and make the forestry industrial structure more reasonable; By 2020, the forest coverage rate will reach more than 23%, the ecological problems in key areas will be basically solved, the national ecological environment will be significantly improved, and the strength of the forestry industry will be significantly enhanced; By 2050, the forest coverage rate will reach and stabilize above 26%, the beautiful mountains and rivers will be basically realized, the ecological environment will enter a virtuous circle, the demand for forest products will be alleviated, and a relatively complete forest ecosystem and a relatively developed forestry industry system will be built.

Under the guidance of Deng Xiaoping Theory and Theory of Three Represents, and according to the requirements of Scientific Outlook on Development, the government and people of China will thoroughly implement the State Council's decision on accelerating forestry development and the spirit of the National Forestry Work Conference, fully implement the forestry development strategy focusing on ecological construction, and make unremitting efforts to realize the rapid, healthy, coordinated and sustainable development of forestry in China.