Which industrialized countries can immigrate

Summary of the top five immigrant countries

Lead: This paper selects five immigrant countries according to "popular immigrant countries", "traditional immigrant countries", "immigrant countries with difficult visas", "immigrant countries with advanced skills" and "immigrant countries with the fastest change" for your reference.

The choice of immigration destination can be regarded as the highlight of immigration work. Every country has different fees and procedures, and the forms of immigration are more frequent.

With the emergence of new trends, how to choose a place to live and work in the future has become a difficult problem.

★ Immigration hotspot countries

Canada

Situation: Full score for Canadian immigrants 100. Since September 2003, the passing score has been adjusted to 67, and the speed of applying for skilled immigrants has gradually slowed down.

Procedure: conduct self-assessment or find an immigration company for free assessment to determine the category of immigration application; Prepare materials and handle relevant notarization and certificates; Take an English test or be exempted from it; Prepare for the interview or avoid the interview; Physical examination; Obtain an immigrant visa; Report to Canada. Six Canadian provinces launched preferential business immigration programs.

Cost: General skilled immigrants need about 40,000 yuan, and commercial immigrants need 900,000 yuan (including investment costs).

Note: There must be language practice. You should know more about the destination city of immigrants, take the initiative, and don't just wait.

Treatment: except political rights, the right to enter, stay or leave Canada; The right to choose one's occupation and residence freely; Have the right to apply for some forms of financial assistance, such as government subsidies, grants and scholarships; Free primary and secondary education, vocational training and social insurance benefits.

★ Traditional immigrant countries

Australia

Situation: Skilled occupations are more popular in Australia, and skilled immigrants generally do not need financial guarantee. In 2004, the state government guarantee plan was formulated. Procedure: conduct self-assessment or find an immigration company for free assessment to determine the category of immigration application; Prepare materials and handle relevant notarization and certificates; Take an English test or be exempted from it; Prepare for the interview or avoid the interview; Physical examination; Obtain an immigrant visa; Report to Australia. Australia implements the policy of skilled migration.

Cost: General skilled immigrants need 50,000 yuan, and commercial immigrants need 1.5 million to 200,000 yuan.

Note: It is best not to cheat in the immigration approval process, because the immigration bureau often checks the applicant's background.

Treatment: Australia's state government guarantee plan will restrict residence. In addition, except for political rights such as not having the right to vote and to be elected, other welfare benefits are basically the same as those of local people.

★ Countries with Difficult Visa Immigrants

United States of America

Situation: The United States only allows limited immigration when necessary, and unskilled immigration is relatively easy.

Procedure: review qualifications and submit materials; Sign an employment contract and apply for a state/federal government labor permit; Recognition of labor permit/application for immigration permit from US Immigration Bureau; Recognize the immigration permit and send a "package"; Domestic procedures (immigrant passport, physical examination, criminal record, etc.). ); Interview; lead to

Obtain a visa; Go abroad. The US Immigration Service will push a new version of the immigrant work permit.

Cost: $50,000.

Note: Determine whether the employment company belongs to the company lacking labor in the United States and whether there is a need for long-term employment, because this is an important condition for issuing a permanent visa.

Welfare: The welfare benefits in the United States are relatively complete, including retirement insurance, medical insurance, disability insurance, unemployment relief and public relief. You can also provide other related benefits such as paid vacation.

★ Emerging technology immigrant countries

Britain, England

Situation: Britain is not a traditional immigrant country, and business immigration is the most difficult of all immigrants. Recently, the number of high-tech immigrants in Britain has gradually warmed up, which is also considered by the industry as an easy project.

Procedure: conduct self-assessment or find an immigration company for free assessment to determine the category of immigration application; Prepare materials and handle relevant notarization and certificates; get

Immigration permit; Physical examination; Obtain an immigrant visa; Go abroad. Britain's new immigration policy is open to EU 10 countries.

Cost: Generally, it costs 20,000 RMB.

Note: Before applying for immigration to the UK, applicants should know about the UK market and see if their major will be restricted in the UK.

Treatment: Enjoy medical insurance, unemployment insurance and other benefits.

★ Countries with the fastest migration change

New Zealand

Situation: The new investment immigration policy came into effect on July 4, 2005, requiring an investment of 2 million New Zealand dollars (about120,000 RMB) for five years, which has strict restrictions on the qualifications of applicants and the use of investment expenses.

Procedure: qualification evaluation; Provide documents as required and then have a physical examination and take the IELTS test; Submit a formal application to the new Zealand embassy or consulate, and the applicant shall submit the application fee at the same time; After 2-5 months, the applicant receives the approval letter in principle and pays the required expenses such as immigration tax; Get an immigrant visa. China people suffered the most from New Zealand's tightening immigration policy.

Cost: Generally, it costs 30,000-50,000 RMB, and investment immigrants have to pay more.

Note: New Zealand's immigration policy changes rapidly, so we should pay attention to it. Once there is a change, we should immediately adjust and supplement the contents of our immigration documents.

Treatment: free medical treatment at public expense; Childbirth is free, and the government encourages it. In addition to the one-time reward, the government subsidizes the raising expenses of each child every week until 18 years old; Free primary and secondary education, national universities only need to pay a very low tuition fee; Have settled for two years and enjoy all the benefits enjoyed by New Zealand citizens, such as unemployment benefits; 10 settled, and people over the age of 65 can enjoy the government pension.

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The countries with the largest number of foreign immigrants in continental Europe are Germany, Spain, Italy, France and Britain. At present, Spain and Italy are the hardest hit areas of immigration.

According to the statistics of the World Trade and Development Organization (OCDE), Germany receives the most immigrants. In 200 1 year, there were 7.3 million immigrants in Germany, accounting for 8.9% of the national population. Among the immigrants living in Germany, Turks have the largest number, reaching 1.9 million, followed by Italians and Serbia-Montenegro. However, in recent years, the number of immigrants to Germany has not increased much. According to the results of the ratio of the floating population entering and leaving the country, the number increased by 270,000 in 5438+0 in 2006 and decreased to 6,543.8+0.4 million in 2003.

In the Spanish population, the proportion of foreign immigrants has increased rapidly, especially since 2000. According to the figures provided by the National Statistics Institute of Spain, the number of immigrants in Spain increased by 720,000 in 2003, and the number of foreigners living in the west increased from 1 1 in 2006 to 3.7 million +0 in 2005. The largest immigrant group is Morocco, followed by Ecuador, Romania and Colombia.

Foreign immigrants in Italy have also shown a sharp growth trend, especially in the past three years. According to the statistics provided by Caridas Association, there were10.3 million immigrants in 2006, which increased to 2.7 million in 2004, accounting for 5% of the national population. In 2003, the proportion of immigrants entering and leaving the country increased by 600,000. Most of the foreign immigrants living in Italy come from Central European countries, and nearly a quarter are Africans, followed by Asians and Americans.

According to the statistics of the World Trade and Development Organization,199, the total number of foreigners accepted by France reached 3.3 million, accounting for 5.6% of the country's total population. Compared with its main neighbors, the proportion of immigrants entering and leaving the country in 2003 only reached 50,000, far lower than its neighbors. The largest number of foreign ethnic groups are three people from the Maghreb and citizens from other EU countries.

In 200 1 year, there were 2.6 million foreign immigrants living in Britain, with the largest number in the Indian subcontinent. In 2003, the comparison between the number of people entering and leaving the country was 260,000. Apart from Germany and Luxembourg, the country receiving the most immigrants is Switzerland (19.7%), followed by Austria (9.4%) and Belgium (8.2%).

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In recent years, the issue of immigration has attracted the attention of some governments and trade unions. This paper introduces the current situation of foreign immigrants, the provisions of relevant international documents on the rights and interests of immigrants, and the policy propositions of some European Union countries and their trade unions on immigrants.

The current situation of foreign immigrants and the provisions of international documents on the rights and interests of immigrants

First, the current situation of foreign immigrants and the situation of immigrants.

In recent years, the issue of immigration has attracted more and more attention from governments and trade unions in some countries. How to treat and deal with the immigration problem has become an important problem they are facing. There are many reasons why the immigration problem attracts attention.

First, the number of immigrants has increased rapidly. According to United Nations statistics, by the end of 2000, the number of global immigrants had reached 654.38+0.2 billion, an increase of nearly 60% in 30 years. In the same period, the number of countries accepting immigrants reached 67, an increase of 28%. The number of immigrant exporting countries reached 55, an increase of 26%. 15 countries accept and export immigrants at the same time, compared with only 4 countries 30 years ago. At the same time, the International Labour Organization believes that only 1 1 countries are poor countries, 38 countries have middle income, and 6 countries have even higher income. It can be seen that although many immigrants move to foreign countries or other places in order to improve their living conditions, the sharp increase in immigrants is not only due to economic reasons.

Secondly, among the residents of many countries, especially in the labor force, the proportion of immigrants has greatly increased. For example, according to incomplete statistics, there are currently more than 6 million immigrants in France, accounting for about10% of the total population; There are about 4 million foreign immigrants in Australia, accounting for 2 1. 1% of the national residents, of which migrant workers account for about 25% of the labor force. There are about 5 million immigrants in Canada, accounting for 17.4% of the national residents, including 2.7 million migrant workers, accounting for18.5% of the national labor force; At present, there are 1.3 million legal immigrants and a considerable number of illegal immigrants in Italy, among which migrant workers also account for a large proportion. ?

In addition, immigrants play an important role in economic and social development. Most migrant workers are engaged in jobs that the residents of the host country are unwilling to do. This kind of work is not respected by society, or the pay is low, or the working conditions are poor. At the same time, some jobs require higher skills and professional knowledge, and there is a lack of competent people among local residents, most of whom are undertaken by senior talents among immigrants. For example, many computer technology experts in the United States and Canada come from India, China and CIS countries. Therefore, some trade unionists point out that migrant workers are an indispensable force to ensure the normal operation of economic development and social life. American trade union leaders believe that without foreign immigrants, America's economic and social life cannot function. People from the Danish Federation of Professional Workers (the country's largest industrial union) also stressed: "If there are no migrant workers, Denmark will stagnate." Experts from the International Labour Organization predict that for many countries, if they want to maintain a considerable number of high-quality labor force from 2000 to 2050, they must rely on the help of foreign immigrants, otherwise they will be unable to do so.

However, immigrants in many countries are in a very difficult situation. Poverty, long-term unemployment, discrimination and exclusion are common features of many immigrants, especially illegal immigrants. In some countries, government officials and the masses lack goodwill towards immigrants and have xenophobia. For example, Italy conducted a national migration survey in 2000. Although 73.4% of the respondents admit that migrant workers are engaged in jobs that Italians are unwilling to do, 88. 1% think it is necessary to restrict foreigners from continuing to move to Italy. According to the survey results of some industrial trade unions in Germany, nearly half of people think that "there are too many foreigners".

In some countries and regions, whenever there are economic or other difficulties, the first victims are often immigrants, although these difficulties have nothing to do with them. For example, during the financial crisis of southeast Asian countries 1997 ~ 1998, Malaysia, South Korea and other countries had driven thousands of migrant workers to move out. After the "911"incident in the United States, a wave of xenophobia appeared, which threatened many foreign immigrants and forced 350,000 people to emigrate from the United States to Mexico within a few months.

Second, the provisions of relevant international documents on the rights and interests of immigrants.

1990 The 45th United Nations General Assembly adopted the Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families, which is an important document on immigration. International documents related to migration include1the declaration and programme of action adopted by the United Nations at the World Summit for Social Development in Copenhagen in 1995, which were unanimously endorsed by the participating heads of state and government.

The relevant documents of the International Labour Organization also clearly stipulate the rights and interests of immigrants. For example, the Constitution of the International Labour Organization stipulates the principle that "the interests of workers working abroad are protected". So far, the organization has formulated three conventions and three recommendations related to immigration. Among them, convention No.97 on migrant workers was adopted in 1949. Article 6 of the Convention stipulates that "all member countries of the International Labour Organization must give migrants who legally enter their territory welfare treatment no less than that enjoyed by their own citizens" on issues such as labor remuneration, joining trade unions, housing, social security, taxation and legal proceedings. In addition, in document 1975, the international labor organization also adopted convention 1995. 143 "regulations on illegal immigration and protection of equal opportunities and treatment for migrant workers" has made more specific provisions on labor and social security of migrant workers. But so far, many countries have not ratified the above convention, let alone implemented it.

Trade union representatives from many countries participated in the formulation of the above-mentioned documents, especially the relevant conventions of the International Labour Organization, and actively urged relevant international organizations and governments to take measures to implement these documents. In recent years, some documents adopted by the general assembly of international and regional trade union organizations also pay attention to the issue of immigration, emphasizing the need to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of immigrants according to law. However, there is still a lot of work to be done to truly implement the above documents.

Third, EU countries' policy propositions on immigration.

EU countries generally attach importance to immigration. The Maastricht Treaty adopted in 1992 established the principle of free movement of "people, capital, goods and services" in EU countries. Article 8 of the treaty stipulates that all citizens of EU countries have the right to "freely move and live in the territories of EU member States and participate in local elections and EU parliamentary elections".

From 65438 to 0989, the European Union formulated the Declaration on the Basic Social Rights of Working People. 199 1 year, the Economic and Social Committee of the European Union (composed of representatives of labor departments and trade unions of EU countries) formulated a document on the social status of migrant workers according to the declaration, and put forward some principles related to immigration, such as the principle of integration of foreign immigrants with the social life of the receiving country, the principle of "social participation" of immigrants, and the principle of "equal social rights and opportunities" of immigrants. The document also requires EU countries to make necessary amendments to their relevant laws in order to realize the rights of immigrants as soon as possible, including the rights of equal employment, equal wages, social security, medical services and housing, family reunion, protection of cultural traditions, voting rights and the right to join trade unions and other legal social organizations.

1996 The meeting of EU ministers of labor and social affairs proposed that immigrants should enjoy the same treatment as citizens of EU countries "in all social indicators". The EU Summit held in June 2002 confirmed this principle and requested that it be implemented from 2003. At the same time, it also emphasizes opposing illegal immigrants, including curbing illegal immigrants by improving the visa system and prohibiting human trafficking.