What kind of official was the director of the Sui Department during the War of Liberation?

The full name of the Appeasement Office

At the beginning of the Anti-Japanese War, the command structure of the National Revolutionary Army was as follows: Headquarters-Theater Corps-Group Corps (Corps, Road)-Army-Division-Brigade- Regiment, the tactical unit was only reached at the eighth level; after 1940, it was simplified to headquarters-theater-group army-corps-division-regiment, a six-level command structure; this greatly improved the combat command ability of the army. However, after the end of the Anti-Japanese War, in order to take care of non-combat missions such as seniority and land grabbing, the Kuomintang expanded its command organization into headquarters - camp (camp) - appeasement office (war zone) - appeasement area - corps/reorganized army - army (reorganized division) - Division (reorganized brigade)-Regiment ***level 8, there are a lot of overlapping organizations and overstaffing. From the headquarters to the most basic tactical units, it often happens that superiors exceed their authority and subordinates disobey orders, which seriously affects combat effectiveness.

Since the September 18th Incident in 1931, the Japanese imperialists have continuously invaded and occupied our territory and supported many puppet regimes as tools for indirect governance. For the sake of governance, these puppet regimes often changed the administrative divisions of the areas under their jurisdiction. With the victory of the Anti-Japanese War and the defeat of the enemy and puppets, the administrative divisions and systems they established were often buried in their old places. The author here briefly introduces the administrative division system and organization of the Japanese and puppet regime. The following will introduce the puppet Manchukuo regime.

1. Puppet Manchukuo

When the Puppet Manchukuo declared "independence" in the name of the "Northeast Administrative Committee" at the beginning of February 16, 1932, it continued to use the original national The structure of the Northeast Administrative Affairs Committee of the government retains the four provinces of Fengtian (formerly Liaoning Province), Jilin, Heilongjiang, and Rehe and the two special regions of Dong Province and Xing'an. The former Shenyang City is renamed Fengtian City, and the special city of Changchun and two cities are added. All belong directly to the pseudo "Northeast Administrative Council". Later, the Dong Province Special Region was renamed as the North Manchuria Special Region, and the Hung Yen Special Region was reorganized into Hung Yen Province, which was divided into three provinces: East, North and South. The northern part of Rehe Province was included in Hung Yen Province and was designated as Hung Yen West. Provinces. As the former Qing emperor Puyi ascended the throne as the "Emperor of the Manchu Empire", the puppet Manchukuo completely reorganized its administrative region into fourteen provinces and two special cities on October 1, 1934. Among them, according to the different management agencies of the Puppet Manchukuo, they can be divided into Fengtian, Jinzhou, Binjiang, Andong, Jiandao, Heihe, etc. under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Civil Affairs (later changed to the Internal Affairs Bureau; later merged into the General Affairs Department and changed to the Local Department). The ten provinces of Sanjiang, Longjiang, Jilin, and Rehe and the two special cities of Xinjing (formerly Changchun City was renamed) and Harbin, as well as Xing'an East under the jurisdiction of the Mongolian Ministry of Affairs (later changed to the Mongolian Political Bureau, and later to the Xing'an Bureau) , Hung Yen West, Hung Yen South, Hung Yen North and other four provinces. Later, Mudanjiang and Tonghua were added in 1937, Dong'an and Bei'an were added in 1939, and five provinces including Siping were added in 1941. In 1937, Harbin was downgraded from a special city to an ordinary city. city. A total of nineteen provinces and one special city.

The Puppet Manchuria established public offices in provinces, counties, and banners, all of which were first-level local governments. However, the county public offices in Heihe Province were only dispatched agencies of the provincial public offices. Special cities and ordinary cities have established municipal governments to handle municipal affairs, but Hailar and Manzhouli only have municipal management offices. The county consists of "streets" and "villages", among which "streets" are positioned as quasi-cities. Siping City is a famous example of being upgraded from a street to a city.

In order to consolidate the border security of the Puppet Manchukuo and manage the minority areas, the Puppet Manchukuo established a general province above the province on September 11, 1944. The first is to merge the four provinces under the jurisdiction of the Hung Yen Bureau, including Hung Yen East, Hung Yen West, Hung Yen South, and Hung Yen North, into the Hung Yen Province. The second is to merge the three provinces of Mudanjiang, Dong'an, and Jiandao into the Dong Manchu Province, and set up the Provincial Office to govern. After the establishment of Hung Yen General Province, in addition to retaining the establishment of Hung Yen North Province, the remaining three provinces of Hung Yen East, Hung Yen West, and Hung Yen South were reorganized into regions and were governed by regional offices. The Dongman Province abolished Mudanjiang Province and directly administered the former Mudanjiang Province area, retaining the two provincial organizations of Dong'an and Jiandao. At the same time, it is divided into five administrative agreement areas, and a regional administrative agreement committee is set up. Except for the main province, which has its own area, the other twelve provinces are divided into three areas.

Among the provinces established by the Puppet Manchuria, Hung Yen Province can be said to be an autonomous region of the Mongolian people, while East Manchuria Province is planned as a "colony" for the Japanese and Koreans, except for Jiandao Province Originally outside the areas where the Korean ethnic group gathered, Dong'an and Mudanjiang provinces had planned immigration of Japanese immigrants. Since these two general provinces have specific tasks, their status as general governor is slightly higher than that of ordinary provincial governors. In May 1945, the total province of East Manchuria was divided into East Manchuria Province and Jiandao Province. On June 1 of the same year, the administrative power system was implemented. The central provinces of the four administrative agreement areas, including Fengtian, Dongman, Jilin, and Binjiang, obtained the power to command other provinces in the area.

With Japan's defeat and surrender, China regained its Northeastern region. Since the puppet Manchukuo had been in power for a long time, in order to avoid excessive impact and to experiment with the "provincial reduction" plan, the Nationalist Government in principle merged the two puppet Manchukuo provinces into one province, except for Rehe Province, which was restored to its original jurisdiction. Fengtian and Jinzhou were merged into Liaoning Province, Andong and Tonghua were merged into Andong Province, Siping and Xing'an South Province were merged into Liaoning Province, Jilin and Jiandao were merged into Jilin Province, Mudanjiang and Binjiang were merged into Songjiang Province, and Sanjiang and Dong'an were merged into It was Hejiang Province, Bei'an and Heihe were merged into Heilongjiang Province, Longjiang Province was changed to Nenjiang Province, Hung Yen East Province and Hung Yen North Province were merged into Hung Yen Province. On the other hand, after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, the Mongolians in Hung Yen Province also established the "Eastern Mongolian People's Autonomous Government" on their own, paving the way for the establishment of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in the future.

The director of the Office of Appeasement is equivalent to the current provincial military division commander (ministerial level).