The largest peninsula and archipelago in the world.

Arabian Peninsula, the largest peninsula in the world

Arabian Peninsula (Arabic:? ) located in Asia, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Oman, United Arab Emirates, Qatar and Kuwait, Jordan, Iraq, Israel and other countries are located in the Arabian Peninsula. Saudi Arabia is the largest. It extends from the middle east to the southeast to the Indian Ocean. With an area of about 3 million square kilometers, it is the largest peninsula in the world. To the west, its borders with Africa are Suez Canal, Red Sea and Mande Strait. In the south, it extends to the Arabian Sea and the Indian Ocean. To the east, it faces Iran across the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman. Controlled by subtropical high and trade winds all the year round, almost the whole peninsula is a tropical desert climate zone with a large area of no-flow zone. There is a large amount of oil reserves around the Persian Gulf on the peninsula, which has brought great wealth to the Arabian Peninsula countries bordering the Persian Gulf.

Arabia is the birthplace of Islam. Muhammad, the founder of Islam, was born and lived here. Mecca on the peninsula is a holy place of Islam. The Arab Empire centered on the Arabian Peninsula once spanned three continents: Europe, Asia and Africa. 265438+ All countries in the Arabian Peninsula adopted Islam as the state religion in the 20th century. Every year, many Muslims from all over the world make pilgrimages to Mecca and Medina in western Saudi Arabia.

The peninsula is bordered by the Arabian Sea in the south, the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman in the east, and the top of the Gulf of Aqaba, an Arabian estuary, in the north. It is connected with the main body of the Asian continent and located in the Indian Ocean plate. The peninsula is about 2240 kilometers long from north to south and 1200- 1900 kilometers wide from east to west, with a total area of 3.22 million square kilometers, making it the largest peninsula in the world.

The largest is Saudi Arabia, followed by Yemen, Oman, United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Qatar and Bahrain. The population is about 32 1.38 million (1.990). Saudi territory accounts for 75% of the peninsula.

Arabian Peninsula is controlled by subtropical high and trade winds all the year round, which is very dry, and almost the whole peninsula is Arabian Peninsula.

The tropical desert climate zone has a large area of no-flow zone and seven no-flow countries. Only groundwater can be used for agriculture. The hot and dry climate has formed a large desert, accounting for about 13 of the total area. The Rubhari Desert in the south of the peninsula is 650,000 square kilometers.

There are few agricultural products on the peninsula, and people mainly live on animal husbandry, and most of them raise camels. Arabian horses and camels produced locally are famous all over the world. The Arabian Peninsula and its adjacent bays contain a large amount of oil and natural gas, which is regarded as the economic pillar by many countries on the island. Saudi Arabia is the country that produces the most oil in the world, and the output value of the oil industry accounts for more than 80% of the total national economic output value. Oil kingdom? .

History and culture

Since the rise of Islam in the first quarter of the 7th century and Arab Muslims became the founders of a great empire in history, Muslims themselves and their related nationalities have used the word "Arab" to refer to all people of Arab descent. The word "Arabia" or its Arabic name "Jazirat Al-Arab" is used to refer to the whole Arabian Peninsula. But the definition of this area is not completely consistent even in Islamic literature. In a narrow sense, it refers to an area much smaller than the entire peninsula; In ancient Greek and Latin literature-and later literature, the word "Arabia" also includes the Syrian desert and the Jordan desert, as well as the Iraqi desert west of the lower reaches of the Euphrates River. The same,? Arabs? At least before the Islamic era, it mainly included tribal men in the central and northern Arabian Peninsula.

Arab culture is a branch of Semitic civilization. Because of this, and because of the influence of Semitic sister culture in a certain period, it is sometimes difficult to determine what is unique to Arabia. Because there is an important trade route passing through it, Arabs contact with Egyptian, Greek-Roman and Indo-Persian civilizations along its borders. Turks had little influence when they ruled Arabic-speaking countries, but the unstoppable western European culture did not penetrate into Arabia until colonial times.

On the northeast coast, Ferraka and Bahrain, sites where fishermen and crustaceans lived in the Stone Age in 3000 BC were found. Flint utensils scattered on the ground can be seen in many places on the peninsula, and even ancient stone paintings of unknown age can be seen, which is considered to be closely related to stone paintings in the Sahara desert.

The idea of trying to treat all Arabs as a single race is groundless. Ancient evidence shows that Africans have been to the plains along the Red Sea, Iranians have been to the southeastern tip of the peninsula, and people of Aramaic descent have been to the northern region. So far, the ethnic kinship of ancient Yemenis has not been determined. Arab culture is similar to the Semitic culture rising in the fertile crescent of the North Peninsula, which can be considered as the result of cultural transmission rather than immigration.

In addition to continuing to study a small amount of prehistoric evidence, archaeological research mainly focuses on historical sites confirmed by written records from 65438 BC to 0000 BC.

Written records include a large number of inscriptions on stone tablets, rock walls, bronze library tickets and other objects, as well as improvisation on stones (especially in Yemen). Only a small number of inscriptions are in real Arabic. The main languages in northern and central China are Gubei Arabic (belonging to [Chana], [Tamudi] and [Safitik]). Although this group of languages is closely related to Arabic, it cannot be considered that the latter is directly developed from the former. The inscription in Yemen is in ancient South Arabic (belonging to [〔Minaean〕], [〔Sabaean〕], [〔Qatabanian〕] and [〔Hadhramautic〕]), which is a completely independent Semitic language group (both ancient North Arabic and ancient South Arabic are engraved with southern Semitic letters, and only Ethiopian letters exist). Modern Arabic alphabet is a kind of northern Semitic language. Many inscriptions in Yemen have lost their original value because of unscientific looting. There are also some inscriptions carved in foreign Aramaic, Greek and Latin.

There are many large-scale buildings and memorial buildings, such as dams, palaces and temples, as well as a large number of high-quality plastic arts in Yemen's ancient cultural areas. Its themes, such as the statues of bull heads and wild goats, partly show Yemen's artistic characteristics, but it obviously has the artistic style of ancient Greece since the third century BC.

The largest archipelago in the world-Malay archipelago

Malay Archipelago, also known as Nanyang Archipelago, is the largest archipelago in the world. Located in the vast sea area between the Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean in Southeast Asia, it consists of more than 7,000 islands in Indonesia/KLOC-0 and the Philippines, usually including New Guinea, but excluding Andaman, Nicobar Islands in the northwest and Bismarck Islands in the east. The total land area is 2,475,249 square kilometers (955,699 square miles), accounting for about 20% of the world's island area. It extends 6 100 km (3,800 miles) along the equator, with a maximum width of 3,500 km (2,200 miles) from south to north.

Where did the name 1 come from?

Malay Archipelago is the largest archipelago in the world [1]. Because the aborigines of the islands are mainly Malays, so they are named? Malay archipelago? . It is also one of the places where overseas Chinese are concentrated, so it is also called in China? Nanyang islands? . [2]? East indies? Sometimes used as a synonym for islands.

2 geographical location

The main Indonesian islands and archipelagos include Greater sunda islands, lesser sunda islands, Moluccas and Papua. The main islands of the Philippines include Luzon, Mindanao and Visayas. The archipelago also includes Malaysia (Sabah and Sarawak), Brunei and Papua New Guinea. These islands are located between the Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean and surround Sulu, Celebes, Banda, Moluccas, Sunda, Java, Flores and Sawu. There are Malacca Strait and South China Sea in the west, bashi channel and Taiwan Province Province in the north and Torres Strait in the south.

Except the northern Philippines, all of them are within the equator of 10 degree, and the average temperature is 2 1℃(80℉). The annual rainfall ranges from 8 100 mm (320 inches) to less than 500 mm, and the average annual rainfall in most areas exceeds 2000 mm (80 inches). Every year from July to June165438+1October, typhoons are generated in the southwest Pacific Ocean for more than 20 times, moving westward and northward, often causing strong winds and heavy rains in the Philippines. People in the Malay archipelago speak Austronesian languages. Manila and Jakarta are among the largest cities in the world.

Malay Archipelago is the largest archipelago in the world. In the island world, it is a? Is the population prosperous? Those islands? Family? . It consists of more than 3000 islands in Indonesia/KLOC-0 and about 7000 islands in the Philippines.

Malay archipelago? Family members? It is over 20,000 in size, with a total area of 2.55 million square kilometers and a large population. Of these more than 20,000 islands, named islands only account for 1/5 of the total, and the rest are? No one? . The inhabited islands only account for110 of the total number of islands, and the number is very small. Most islands are uninhabited. Of all the islands in the whole earth, the Malay archipelago is the best in number, area and population, and no other archipelago can compare with it.

Three cash crops

Due to the low latitude of Malay archipelago, the equator runs through the middle, and the hot and rainy climate and fertile volcanic soil provide a suitable growth environment for tropical cash crops. The island is the main producing area of tropical cash crops in the world. The rural and agricultural economies are absolutely dominant. The vast majority of rural residents are settled farmers. The main crop is rice, but there are also corn, sweet potato or cassava, as well as cash crops such as rubber, tobacco, sugar, desiccated coconut, pepper, quinine, nutmeg, kapok, west Gu Mi and Manila hemp.