What are the Muslim fire bars in Lanzhou?

The temples and temple culture in Lanzhou are the products of Buddhism's introduction into China, which began when Emperor Hanming built the White Horse Temple in Luoyang. Around the Southern and Northern Dynasties, pagodas appeared. There were many "temples" in the Tang Dynasty and many temples in the Song Dynasty. In the Yuan Dynasty, temples were replaced by "Buddhist temples". Religious buildings, such as temples, pagodas, temples, temples, etc. , not only formally formed the temple culture that influenced China's social life, but also became the main classic place of belief culture. The temples in Lanzhou were built in the Tang Dynasty. There are temples in Lanzhou, which began in the Tang Dynasty and the construction of Kafukuji in the first year of Zhenguan (627). Later, with the prominent position of Lanzhou on the Silk Road and the increase of urban residents, Zhao Pu Temple, Zhuang Yan Temple and Yunfeng Temple Temple were built one after another. During the Kaibao period of the Tang Dynasty, An Lushan and Shi Siming rebelled, and Tubo took the opportunity to invade the east. In the first year of Guangde (763), Longyou fell into Tubo, and in the fifth year of Dazhong (85 1), Lanzhou was recovered by Zhang Yixiang, but with the collapse of the Tang Dynasty, it was occupied by Tibet. During this period, in addition to the achievements of Tibetan Buddhism, Confucianism and Taoism stagnated. During the Song Dynasty, the state was established, but its border was just higher than that of Qin Zhou (now Gangu). Later, it expanded westward, and finally Yuanfeng recovered Lanzhou in four years. With the established strategy of governing the country, Confucianism and Taoism were respected, and the traditional culture of Hu Hua in the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties was promoted. Based on this, in addition to the restoration and reconstruction of some monasteries, traditional religious sites such as Confucian Temple, Taoist Temple and Town God Temple have also been built and restored, such as Donghua Temple, Jiuyang Temple, Shrine and Confucian Temple. These temples and Taoist temples can still meet the needs of local good men and women to burn incense and worship Buddha, and can also meet the needs of traveling to explain Taoist scriptures. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, with the strengthening of Lanzhou's stable frontier position, especially in politics and military affairs, it changed the economic situation of border defense and agriculture and animal husbandry, developed handicrafts and commerce, and increased the population. In order to adapt to this change in urban structure, in addition to repairing, restoring and rebuilding the old probation facilities, some new temples have been built, such as Beita Temple (Beitashan), Baiyi Temple (Dongguan Street, now Qingyang Road), Ningxiguan Temple (East Street, now the east section of Zhangye Road), Chongqing Temple (Wuquanshan), Jinshan Temple (Jincheng) and Xingyuan Temple. At present, there are more than 40 temples, including Southern Workers' Cultural Palace, Baiyun Temple (Cuiyingmen), Sansheng Temple (behind the shrine), Longwang Temple (Qiaomen Street, now the northern section of Zhongshan Road), Mazu Tempel (Xinguanzheng Street, now Qin 'an Road) and Wu Miao Temple (Guandi Temple). These temples belong to Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism. Generally speaking, the temple view belonging to Confucianism and Taoism far exceeds Buddhism, which is the inevitable result of the court's softening Taoist policy since the Ming and Qing Dynasties. In addition, the diversification of folk beliefs and the invasion of western religions have accelerated the pace of mutual transformation and integration of the three religions. In particular, the mythical novel Romance of the Gods, The Journey to the West and its derived stage art, folk myths and other oral literature and arts have had a great influence. In the late Qing Dynasty, more than 70 temples settled in Lanzhou. With the increase of Muslim residents who believe in Islam and the infiltration of western culture, mosques and Catholic churches have also settled in Lanzhou. Western culture began to enter the temple buildings in Lanzhou, forming a pattern of coexistence of various religions, which made the religious beliefs of Lanzhou residents more diversified. Especially in the Qing Dynasty, the rise and construction of guild halls in various places not only brought Lanzhou's commercial culture, but also added many characteristics to Lanzhou's temple culture, added a new atmosphere to the transformation of foreign culture and the innovation of traditional culture, and became an integral part of Lanzhou's immigrant culture. During the Republic of China, except for the maintenance and construction of some famous ancestral temples, such as Jintian Taoist Temple, Beitashan Palace and Pavilion Hall, no achievements were made in the innovation and protection of temple culture. In recent ten years, there are only Xijing Temple (Xijing Bridge, southeast of Liangjiazhuang), Jintian Taoist Temple (west of Zhanqiao), Baiyun Temple (west of Beiyuan Street), Taiqing Palace (Sidunping), laojunmiao (Sidunping), Xinggong (Shanggou Xinggong Lane), Baode Temple (hidden garden, now the Second Hospital of Landa University) and Wu Miao (. North Gate West), Chuzhong Temple (Back Street), Zhenwu Palace (Muta Lane), Mamiao (Mafangmen Street, now the middle section of Yongchang Road), Guandi Temple (Daomen Street, now Jinta Lane), Wanshou Palace (Wanshou Palace Street, now Tongwei Road), Sansheng Temple (Back Temple) and Temple (Back Temple) Today Zhangye Road Pedestrian Street Evening News), and Qingyang Road), Zhao Zhong Temple (Qingyang Road), Zhong Yi Temple (Xiadongguan), Jinhua Temple (Jinger Street), Baiyi Temple (Dongguanzheng Street, west section of Qingyang Road), Guangfu Temple, Wu Wen Temple (Nanguanzheng Street, west section of Qingyang Road), Mosque (Nanguan Center Street), Sanguangge (southwest of the palace), Ciyun Temple (after the official post), etc. The property of Lanzhou temple occupied by temples in Qing Dynasty was used for other purposes. Xu Rong, governor of Gansu Province, founded "COVID-19 Society School" in the Land Temple in the seventh year of Yongzheng in Qing Dynasty (1729), and ended with the rise of Guangxu Tongxin School. There are Longquan Pear Tree (Wuquan Mountain), Zhongying Yixue (Three-character Shisansheng Temple), Qian Ying Yixue (Xinguan Zushi Temple), Houying Yixue (Guangouyan Fire Temple), Yingen Pear Tree (Dongshaomenfeng Temple, Xiaobei Street Rongguang Temple, Xiguan Baogong Temple), Yu Ying Yixue (East Street Ningxi Temple) and Zhengde Yixue (Zhuang Yan Temple). During the Republic of China, most of these voluntary learning and social learning were transformed into national schools in communities and blocks. Although the establishment of voluntarism and sociology has made great achievements in enlightenment education, the temple culture has been violated. Before and after the May 4th Movement, influenced by the New Life Movement, some temples in the urban area were turned into public and commercial facilities such as cultural and educational facilities, such as education development meeting, science education hall, industrial exhibition hall and Zhongshan market, which were set up in Donghua Temple, Shensi Temple, Zhuang Yan Temple and Zhao Pu Temple respectively. Some schools are also located in temples, such as Yucai Pavilion in Zhuang Yan Temple (now Lanzhou Daily), Gansu Survey School in Fengshen Temple (now the former site of Lanzhou No.11 Middle School), and Gansu No.1 Women's Vocational School moved to the Temple of Fire (now Jintaxiang No.2 Primary School) and then moved to Wanshou Palace (now the west campus of the Municipal Party Committee). There are also schools such as Zhixing School (Beitashan), Suzhong Middle School (Confucian Temple, now No.2 Middle School), Lanshan Middle School (Baiyi Temple, now Lanzhou Museum) and Lanshan Chinese Medicine School (Baiyi Temple), all of which occupy the temple property to run schools. This is the temple property in Lanzhou once again occupied in large quantities. Bombing by Chinese and Japanese planes in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression also destroyed or seriously damaged some temples, such as Zhao Pu Temple, Donghua Temple, Leizu Temple and Mazu Tempel. Before and after Lanzhou was built, some ethnic schools were built, but because the problem of school location could not be solved, temple real estate was also used as school buildings. After liberation, under the policy of getting rid of superstitions, except for the influential temples in the northern and southern mountains and urban areas, most of the smaller temples were occupied by enterprises and institutions or changed into residential houses. During the "Cultural Revolution", although the sculptures and murals of most temples were destroyed, the remains of ancient temples remained in the original site. At the beginning of this century, due to the short-sightedness of decision makers, there were few temples left in the urban area, which almost destroyed the temple culture. Even Confucius, the founder of China's Confucianism, was assigned, and the rest were insignificant. It is worth mentioning that after the expansion of the Ming and Qing dynasties, the temples in Beitashan and Wuquanshan have Buddhist temples, Taoist temples, caves, temples, temples, Confucius temples, pavilions and buildings, as well as modern ancestral temples and memorial halls, which have become the cultural shrines of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism in the northern and southern mountains of Lanzhou, and are also the three religions of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism. What is more commendable is that the local guild hall built in the city not only highlights the local business travel culture, but also adds characteristics to the culture of Confucianism, Taoism and temples. All kinds of ancient buildings, sculptures, stage art with southern accent and northern accent, and even abbots, Taoist priests and good men and women all have their own manners. Unfortunately, the temple culture with Lanzhou characteristics has disappeared without a trace.