Dispersion: Population migration from north to south caused by Anshi Rebellion

In the winter of 755 AD, An Lushan and his Ministry Shi Siming led an army to launch a large-scale rebellion, and the whole Yellow River was plunged into war. Although the rebels were destroyed by the Tang Dynasty eight years later, the war wounds they caused could never be made up. The resulting large-scale population movement once again regards areas outside the Central Plains as the hope of escape. Jianghuai, the transition zone where northerners moved south, is close to the edge of the war zone, and has also largely avoided catastrophe. Jiangbei District, which is dominated by Huainan, did not belong to the war zone when the Anshi Rebellion broke out. Because the rebels are targeting at Shuofang and Guanzhong, they can only launch a second attack with some partial divisions. After being attacked by Zhang Xun, the whole Jianghuai area was temporarily preserved. So, some northern refugees settled here. In Huainan at that time, Yangzhou, Haozhou and Hezhou in the east had the most immigrants. Followed by the nearby Chuzhou area. Because there is a canal system connected with Huanghuai, the migration is relatively convenient. This also allowed Huainan to gather a large number of refugee groups who went south for various reasons at several key nodes in history. Internal complexity also included almost all social classes at that time. Xiangyang has once again become a gathering place for refugees from the north. Located in the north of Hubei, west of Jianghuai, and close to Chang 'an and Luoyang, it has become a highly concentrated place for northern immigrants. History has been repeated, and most of the exiled people will take Xiangzhou as the center. Xiangyang, the local government, is located at the intersection of Hanshui River and Guanlu Road, which has become the only way to escape from the natural world. But unlike Huainan, most refugees will choose to go south, so the number of people who settle down is far less than that of Jingzhou in the south. Due to the sharp increase in population, the imperial court also set up envoys to Jingnan, and in 760 AD, Nanjun was established and promoted to Jiangling County. As for the Bashu basin in southwest China, Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty, who took the lead in escaping into Bashu, has a high agricultural production attribute due to its long-term development. The basin-like terrain of middle, high and low levels also makes it the choice of many asylum seekers. The armies of An Lushan and Shi Siming entered Guanzhong, and Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty had to rush in with his family and officials. Around this period, a large number of civilians fled to the southwest, once forming a mighty team. Later, even if the royal family and officials returned to Gyeonggi, many people chose to stay and settle down. A similar thing happened in the Huang Chao Rebellion in the late Tang Dynasty. Compared with many areas with complex terrain, the central plain absorbs the most northern immigrants. As the capital, Chengdu is the main concentration place. Due to the crowded old city, in 875, the Tang Dynasty specially built Los Angeles, which expanded the original scale by more than 1 time. Even Chongqing, the gateway to the east of the basin, has many new immigrants. Chengdu Restoration Model Jiangnan, a highly concentrated area of refugees in the north in Tang Dynasty, once again became the main concentration of refugees. As refugees cross the river, southern Jiangsu and northern Zhejiang become more ideal gathering places. Zhenjiang, where Runzhou was located in the Tang Dynasty, was the main port for residents to land on the north shore, and the population upward trend was very obvious. So that the court once upgraded the state to Jiangning County. More people pass by here and spread to the whole Jiangdong area. Suzhou, located in the east of Taihu Lake, is another important immigrant settlement. Immigrants from the south have accounted for13 of Wuxian county, and there are about 10 people here. Due to the influx of northerners, there are a large number of households and people farming in Changzhou on the edge, and Shi Fuxiao, who was stabbed, was rated as the best in the world. The restoration map of Suzhou ancient city reached Yuezhou, south of Qiantang River, and Shangyu County joined because of the sudden increase of household registration. Hangzhou at that time was not in today's city status. However, due to the rapid population growth, they spared no effort to develop wetlands along the Yangtze River, and eventually formed the later wuyue and the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty. The local population has increased by 14000 households in a short time. Southern Anhui, west of Jiangdong, belonged to Xuanzhou and Zhangzhou in the Tang Dynasty. The former is also adjacent to the Yangtze River to facilitate the rapid arrival of refugees. Before the An Shi Rebellion broke out, the local population was only 6.5438+0.2 million. By the end of the war, it had increased to 500 thousand households. Later, the famous Chizhou was also an administrative unit increased because of this population inflow. Among the 56 surnames in Zhangzhou, 28 surnames moved in after the Anshi War. A similar situation also occurred in the northern Jiangxi provinces of Jiang, Hong, Rao, Yuan, Fu and Ji. As for southern Hubei and northwestern Hunan, which are next to Jingzhou, a large number of northern populations have also ushered in. A large number of refugees settled in their new homes with dense water networks. The number of refugees entering Fujian coastal areas has dropped sharply. Because the Yangtze River basin has absorbed most of the exiled population, more southern regions will not have such a large influx of refugees. The local complex terrain and climate conditions also limit the migration willingness of residents in the Central Plains. As early as 669 AD, the Zhangzhou area in southern Fujian began its struggle with the Tang Dynasty. Starting from his hometown of Henan, Zheng Chen was ordered to lead thousands of troops into Minnan to counter the rebellion. Later, his mother and brother led 58 military schools to support him. When the dust settles, Chen's children and subordinates will settle here. After the Anshi Rebellion, a large number of northerners moved to the local area. In contrast, the migrants in Jianzhou and Quanzhou are much less. Even fewer refugees arrived in Guangzhou. Finally, Lingnan is the last area where northern refugees are unwilling to go deep. Because of the mountain barrier and climate difference, it has always been considered as a place full of miasma. After the Anshi Rebellion, not many people took the initiative to enter the customs, and most local immigrants were sinners and demoted officials. Among them, Shaozhou is the place with the largest number of immigrants in Lingnan. Because it is close to Dagengling, it is an important traffic artery, so it is relatively convenient to enter. As for Hainan across the strait, there is not much war-torn population migration. The jurisdiction of the Tang dynasty over the islands was extremely low, which was basically better than nothing and became a paradise for spontaneous fugitives. Many local families gathered in Qiongzhou even became professional pirates, robbing foreign merchant ships bound for Guangzhou for a living. Compared with Yongjia Rebellion hundreds of years ago and Du Nan, Guan Yi, the migration took longer and the geographical scope was wider. Since the Tang Dynasty never regarded Jiangnan as its main source of troops, the personal burden of this wave of refugees is lighter than that of their ancestors. This also allows them to integrate into the local area more quickly, or in turn be influenced by the aborigines in their new homes. At the end of the Anshi Rebellion, the Tang Dynasty also organized many refugees to return to their original places and resume local production. During the Anshi Rebellion, the population in the north moved south, and the alternative route in the north was to take refuge in the Khitan-controlled area in the northern frontier. Of course, not all refugees can successfully reach the south. Because the origin of the Anshi Rebellion was close to the northern front, the local population was affected by the war at the first time. Many people moved north to the northeast under the rule of Qidan. This process did not stop until the middle of the Northern Song Dynasty. This is mainly because An Lushan himself is closely related to the Khitan, and there are many elite Khitan cavalry under his command. When the war ended in the west and south, their control area became a relatively comfortable refuge. However, compared with the later five generations, the immigrant population at this time is still small. The Khitan tribe began to receive a large number of mainland exiles. At this time, the Khitan leaders would not have thought that the entry of these refugees would gradually change their economic structure. Although there have been robbers before, they are not the mainstream of accumulating wealth after all. It was not until a large number of addicts appeared that they were finally given a completely different vision. This also has a great influence on the later historical development, but that is another story. ......