The direct massacre of the Indian massacre

The American government ordered the troops to March westward immediately after the day when the army was formally established. Since the establishment

The direct massacre of the Indian massacre

The American government ordered the troops to March westward immediately after the day when the army was formally established. Since the establishment of the first regiment of the US Army, suppressing Indians has become its basic task. This brutal massacre and suppression by the regular army and militia of the United States lasted almost a whole century, from1803 (181year) to 1892.

In the colonial history of North America, the term "Indian massacre" is often used to describe Europeans killed by North American Indians or Indians killed on a large scale by Europeans. Theoretically, the word "slaughter" should be used to kill non-combatant civilians or prisoners of war. But in fact, this word is used casually, and sometimes it is used to describe an overwhelming military failure. So many times "killing" and "fighting" are easily confused.

It is difficult to determine how many people died in these massacres. William M. Osborn, an amateur historian, tries to record every atrocity before the final formation of the American border, from the first contact (15 1 1) to the formation of the border (1) in his book "Savage Border: From Jamestown Colony to the Atrocities in the American-Indian War".

However, other historians have different statistical results. The most reliable figure now is that during the period of 1.850- 1.890, 2 1.586 prisoners were killed or injured by both sides. Another scholar believes that 45,000 Indians and19,000 whites were killed during this period, including women and children killed on both sides. Other data range from 500,000 to 500,000. But there is no doubt about the cruel atrocities of both sides in the war-the cruel tactics of the Indians themselves and the devastating military actions launched by the Americans.

1779, George Washington instructed Major General john sullivan to attack the Iroquois and said, "(If) waste (referring to Indians) is placed near all settlements, then the whole country will not only be submerged, but also be destroyed." In the process of killing and exterminating Indians, Washington also instructed his generals to say, "Don't listen to any peace proposal until all Indian reservations are effectively destroyed." 1783, Washington's anti-Indian sentiment is undoubtedly exposed when comparing Indians and wolves: "Both are carnivorous beasts, but they are different in shape." Washington's extinction policy was implemented after his troops slaughtered Indians again and again. The sergeant stripped the bodies of the Iroquois. "Peel them off your hips, so you can make tall tubes or boots." The Indians who survived the attack renamed the first president of the United States "town destroyer", and most of Senka towns were extinct within five years.

Thomas Jefferson, the main drafter of the American Declaration of Independence and the third president of the United States, who actively participated in and promoted this "cruel expulsion of Indians", proposed that "all men are created equal". 1803 After the United States bought Louisiana from Napoleon (that is, the vast area from the west bank of the Mississippi River to the foothills of Loki), a series of large-scale expulsions and massacres of Indians began during Jefferson's presidency.

1807, Thomas Jefferson instructed his War Department to say, "If Indians resist Americans to get their land, those who resist Indians will be countered with axes," Jefferson continued. "If we refrain from shooting at these tribes, we will not lie down quietly or be driven out of the Mississippi River until these tribes are extinct." Jefferson continued: "In the war, they will kill some of us, but we will kill them all!" " "Americans must" pursue the extinction of Indians, or drive them to places where we don't go. "

18 14, the james madison administration of the United States re-promulgated the reward regulations for killing Indians formulated by the North American colonial parliament in 1703. According to the law, the US government will give a bonus of 50- 100 US dollars for each Indian skull (50 US dollars for killing an Indian baby under 12 years old, 50 US dollars for killing an Indian woman, and 0 US dollars for killing an Indian young man over 12 years old).

From the 1960s to the 1990s, especially after 1864 (after the end of the American Civil War), according to the Homestead Act promulgated by Lincoln, the massacre of Indians in the United States reached its climax, and many Indian villages became ghost towns overnight. With the cooperation of the local militia, the United States federal regular army launched more than 1000 military operations of different scales, basically completing the task of exterminating Indians in the 1960s.

1862, President Lincoln ordered the hanging of 38 chiefs of 38 Dakota Su tribes in Mankato, Minnesota. Most of these hanged people were clergy and political leaders of their tribe. None of these leaders committed the crimes accused by the US government. President Lincoln deliberately created the biggest unjust death penalty in American history.

American civil war hero, General william sherman, the Union Army who once carried out the "three-light policy" to the southern states rebelled by the United States, commented: "If we kill more people this year, we will kill fewer people next year-they will be killed anyway, or they will be raised as inferior species."

When describing this history in relevant works, American historians wrote: "When the United States violently advanced to the west, south and north, it not only squeezed out the countries that prevented it from advancing, but also cruelly crushed the resistance of the original owners of these lands-Indonesians." This cruel expulsion of Indians is one of the most shameful stains in American history, and many outstanding American democratic leaders also actively participated in this action at that time. "

What was the result of such a long military campaign and massacre?

According to some honest and rigorous American scholars' recalculation based on historical data, from the late 1980s to the early 1990s, that is, when Columbus "discovered" the new American continent in 1492, the total population of Indians living in the United States now ranged from 30 million to 10 billion. In the 1970s, the United States was forced to gather in the "reservation" in the backcountry of the United States. What was the total population of Indians left? According to American official statistics, there are less than 800,000 people. Mexico, with a much smaller land area, has more than 10 million.

The American government's genocide against the poor and backward disadvantaged groups in its own country freed the American government from the heavy burden and responsibility it should have borne, and was able to expropriate their millions of square kilometers of real estate and countless natural resources for free, thus enabling the United States to develop its economy without any burden.

Regrettably, the historical fact is that the budding American civilization was destroyed, and the Indians, as one of several human species, were basically extinct as a whole.

However, the Indian resistance was suppressed and slaughtered in several aspects, not to mention the American army. White immigrants who owned land along the railway did not hesitate to slaughter Indians to defend their land. At the same time, in order to ensure the progress of railway construction, railway companies are authorized to form their own "army", which can be called "security" or "private army" Unlike the regular army, these "troops" do not wear American military uniforms and do not receive state salaries. All expenses are paid by the railway company for the purpose of maintaining public order along the railway for the railway company. The slaughter of Indians by these private armies is generally not included in government statistics. No matter what kind of massacre is mentioned above, they almost always describe Indians as cruel, savage and bloodthirsty, and sometimes show the bodies of white dead people to arouse the hatred of all white people against Indians. As for the white bodies on display, whether their horrible state is forged has been forgotten by history. Therefore, the American policy towards Indians can be roughly divided into several levels: anyone who has any dissatisfaction or resistance will be killed; Anyone who obeys honestly and does not resist will be transferred to the reservation and imprisoned.

Behind the above behavior, a very important reason is Indian land. Although the American government stipulated in other treaties signed with Indians that no one should stay or settle on Indian land without their consent, the punishment for breach of contract in the United States was severe and doubled, almost ignoring the white people's breach of contract, but encouraging them in disguise. For example, a gold mine was discovered in an Indian reservation. Although the gold mine was not high in color, white people immediately flocked in and were protected by the American army. Indians have little interest in "Huang Shitou", and resistance has no effect. The American government forced Indians to "sell" the land with gold mines, and Indians were not allowed to set foot on this land from now on. In addition to a series of massacres caused by the looting of Indian land, another important reason is that Americans or whites think their own culture is civilized, while Indian culture is completely barbaric and backward. Therefore, at the same time of genocide, the cultural cleansing of the remaining Indians was also extremely thorough. Spielberg produced the last episode of West Wind and Clouds, saying that at the end of19th century, a kind of "ghost dance" became popular among Indians. Americans believe that this "ghost dance" is a barbaric superstition and a ceremony to boost morale before a battle. In short, Americans think this "ghost dance" is harmful to the United States.11860/86617.

General historians believe that the total number of North American Indians exceeded100000, and by the end of 19, there were only over 200000 left. No defense can hide the brutal extinction of Indians by the American government. Hitler's concentration camp killed about one third of the Jews in the world, so there is no doubt that it is genocide. Then, judging from the surplus population of Indians, Hitler "killed" only one third of Jews, much less than "killed" Indians. The largest Sioux tribe alliance in North America, by the end of the 20th century, there were only about 40,000 people left. In 2007, the leader of the Lakota tribe submitted an application for independence to the American government, declaring that the previous agreement with the American government was invalid because the American government had never abided by any agreement it signed with the Indians.