Jiangxi history

The origin of the name

Jiangxi province, referred to as Jiangxi.

In 733 AD, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty set up the West Road in the south of the Yangtze River, which means it is located in the west of the Yangtze River.

Because the largest river in Jiangxi is Ganjiang, it is called Jiangxi for short.

Qin and Han dynasties

After the reunification of Qin Shihuang, Jiujiang County was established (the county rule is not in Jiujiang today, but in Shouxian County, Anhui Province), and there are 7 counties in Jiangxi today.

In the early years of Emperor Gaozu's reign (about 202 BC), Zhangyu County (formerly known as Zhangyuhe in Ganjiang River) was set up to govern Nanchang County. Since then, Jiangxi has a clear administrative regional system.

It governs Nanchang, Luling, Pengze, Poyang, Yugan, Chaisang, Jiangxi, Xingan, Cheng Nan, Yichun, Ai, Anping, Haishun, Liling, etc. 18 counties, and its distribution areas are Ganjiang, Xujiang, Xinjiang, and.

Today's big cities, such as Nanchang, Ganzhou, Ji 'an, etc., all developed from the county seat at that time.

Location of Zhang Yu County in Han Dynasty

Nanchang Nanchang

Ji 'an City, Luling

Pengzehukou county

poyang county

Yugan in northeastern yugan county

Chaisang Jiujiang southwest

Ganzhou city

Xinshan Zhangshu City

East of Nancheng County, Cheng Nan

Yichun city

Yidu is in the northeast of Yudu County.

Ai xiushui county

Anping, southeast of Anfu County

Haixin Yongxiu County

East of De 'an County in Liling

Cheng Jian Gao an

Xi Liyang duchang county

Southwest of Nankang County, Ye Nan

Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty designated the whole country as 13 monitoring area, which was called 13 county. At this time, Jiangxi belongs to Yangzhou department.

Six Dynasties

In the first year of Yuankang in the Western Jin Dynasty, 29 1 year was changed to Jiangzhou, and the main body was the original county of Jiangxi.

At the end of the Western Jin Dynasty, due to the influence of Yongjia Rebellion, the population of the Central Plains moved southward for the first time on a large scale, and some of them moved to Poyang Lake, which greatly improved the agricultural production level in this area.

By the time of the Southern Dynasties, Jiangxi had already transported a large amount of grain to the east, which became one of the main food supply places in the Southern Dynasties.

Sui and Tang Dynasties

During the Sui Dynasty, the level of the state was reduced to the same as that of the county. At this time, there are 7 counties and 24 counties in Jiangxi.

In the Tang Dynasty, it increased to 8 states and 37 counties. The 8 states were:

Hongzhou

Raozhou

Qianzhou

Jizhou

Jiangzhou

Yuanzhou

Fuzhou

Xinzhou

In the first year of Zhenguan, Emperor Taizong designated the whole country as 10 monitoring area, and Jiangxi belonged to Jiangnan Road.

In 733, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty increased the number of roads to 15, and the west road in the south of the Yangtze River governed flood, Rao, Qian, Ji, Jiang, Yuan, Fu and Xin Bazhou.

After the Anshi Rebellion in the Tang Dynasty, the population of the Central Plains went south on a large scale for the second time. At this time, Jiangxi not only developed the Poyang Lake Plain in the north and the areas along the north-south passage of the Ganjiang River, but also developed marginal hilly areas, and set up county governments in succession.

Tea from Fuliang (now Jingdezhen) and porcelain from Changnan (Jingdezhen) became famous commodities.

During the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, Zhang Jiuling, the prime minister, opened a postal route, which crossed Dayuling and reached Guangzhou in the south. Ganjiang River has become the most important north-south traffic artery connecting Lingnan and the Yangtze River basin, and Jiangzhou (Jiujiang), Hongzhou (Nanchang), Jizhou (Ji 'an) and Ganzhou (Ganzhou) along the route have become bustling cities with business trips.

the Five Dynasties

In the Five Dynasties, Jiangxi belonged to Wu (both in Yangzhou today) and then to Southern Tang (both in Nanjing today).

During this period, there appeared a new administrative district army equivalent to Xiazhou, which was divided into 6 states, 4 armies and 55 counties.

In the first year of Jiaotai, Yuan Zong decided to build Nandu in Hongzhou, and promoted Hongzhou to Nanchang Mansion.

Song dynasty

In the Song Dynasty, it changed to the road above the state, and Jiangxi was assigned to 9 States, 4 armies and 68 counties, most of which belonged to Jiangnan West Road and some belonged to Jiangnan East Road.

Jiangxi in Song Dynasty was the key area where Central Plains people moved south.

The Jingkang Rebellion at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty was the third time that the population of the Central Plains moved south.

During the Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties, Jiangxi was once one of the most prosperous provinces in China.

No matter the total population, grain output, or the number of imperial examination champions, it ranks in the top three in the country, roughly equivalent to Jiangsu and Zhejiang, and obviously ahead of nearby Guangdong and Hunan.

the Yuan Dynasty

The Yuan Dynasty began to establish a provincial book system (province or province for short) in banks.

At this time, the jurisdiction of Jiangxi Province has been established, including most of today's areas outside Jiangxi (formerly northeast Jiangxi belonged to Jiangsu and Zhejiang) and most of today's Guangdong Province.

Yuanxing province consists of Lu, Zhili, Zhou (with county-level administrative agencies) and county.

Jiangxi Province governs Longxing, Ji 'an, Nankang, Ganzhou, Jianchang, Jiangzhou, Nan 'an, Ruizhou, Yuanzhou, Linjiang, Fuzhou, Raozhou, Xinzhou, etc. 13 Road, Nanfeng, Qianshan and other two Zhili States, 48 counties, 16 county-level states.

Ming and Qing dynasties

Although the Ming Dynasty basically retained the provincial organizational system of the Yuan Dynasty, it changed Zhongshu Province into the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (traditionally still called the province), changed its way to the government and changed its state into a county.

Jiangxi Administration Council governs Nanchang, Ruizhou, Raozhou, Nankang, Jiujiang, Guangxin, Fuzhou, Jianchang, Ji 'an, Yuanzhou, Linjiang, Ganzhou, Nan 'an 13, and governs 78 counties, which is basically equivalent to today's Jiangxi Province.

Since Guangdong was established as a province in the Ming Dynasty, the border of Jiangxi has not changed much.

At that time, the Procurator's Department, the Procurator's Department and the Procurator's Department were the highest administrative organs of the Procurator's Department in Jiangxi Province, and the three departments were directly controlled by the central government and governed by decentralization.

In addition, there are three governors (Wang Ning, Wang Huai and wangyi) in Jiangxi: Nanchang, Raozhou (Poyang) and Jianchang (Cheng Nan).

In the Ming Dynasty, Meiguan and Ganjiang in Nan 'an (Dayu) were still the busiest north-south traffic arteries connecting Guangdong and the Yangtze River basin, and the cities along the Ganjiang River were more prosperous in industry and commerce. In addition to the traditional four major cities, Zhangshu Town and wucheng town have become emerging shipping and commercial centers.

Jingdezhen and Hekou Town (Lead Mountain) in the northeast are famous handicraft centers.

The above four towns are also called "Four Major Towns in Jiangxi".

At the same time, a large number of Jiangxi people immigrated to Hunan, Hubei, Guangdong, Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan and other provinces with low population density to engage in small businesses or agriculture.

Ching Dynasty

By the Qing Dynasty, the administrative regions of Jiangxi Province basically inherited the system of the Ming Dynasty.

Three county-level halls, namely, Ji 'an Lotus Hall, Nanchang Tonggu Hall and Ganzhou Qiannan Hall, were added, and Ningdu County was promoted to provincial Zhili Prefecture.

The Governor-General has become the chief executive of the province, and has two departments, namely, the department that undertakes propaganda and decision-making bureau and the department that submits judgments and formulates judges, and is responsible for civil affairs, finance and judicial supervision.

At the end of the Qing Dynasty, Jiangxi was once a region repeatedly contested by Xiang Army and Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, with huge losses.

The population dropped sharply from 24.5 million in 1853 to 1773.

186 1 year later, Jiujiang was turned into one of the three earliest trading ports (Zhenjiang, Jiujiang and Hankou) on the Yangtze River. Jiujiang, as the gateway of Jiangxi Province, quickly became the economic center of the whole province, ranking among the three major tea markets (Hankou, Jiujiang and Fuzhou) and the four major rice markets (Changsha, Jiujiang, Wuhu and Wuxi).

1898 Pingxiang Coal Mine has been extensively mined to meet the needs of Hanyang Iron Works affiliated to Hanyeping Company. 1905, the railway was completed (week) to facilitate the transportation of coal abroad.

Soon, Nanxun Railway was built with Japanese capital.

Republic of China (19 12- 1949)

Early years of the Republic of China

During the Republic of China, the government, prefecture and hall of the Qing Dynasty were all changed to counties.

Jiangxi Province * * * governs 8 1 county.

By 1926, the Northern Expeditionary Army entered Nanchang and Nanchang was formally established.

Wuyuan County was transferred from Anhui to Jiangxi in 1934, back to Anhui in 1947, and again to Jiangxi in 1949.

1917-1918, the tungsten mine in southern Jiangxi began to be mined on a large scale and became the main export material in Jiangxi.

1September 926 191October 201October 7 165438 Chiang Kai-shek led the Northern Expedition Army to attack Nanchang three times, which was the largest battle in the Northern Expedition War and wiped out the main force of Sun.

Ten years of civil war (1927- 1937)

Main projects: Ten years of civil war in Jiangxi.

Main item: List of civil war campaigns in China.

China's ten-year civil war (1927- 1937) began with the Nanchang riots in August 1927.

During this period, China successively established the Great Soviet Area in Jiangxi.

Among them, the famous Hunan-Jiangxi Soviet Area (developed from Jinggangshan base area, including Ninggang, Yongxin, Lianhua, Suichuan and Anfu), Fujian-Zhejiang-Jiangxi Soviet Area (including Yiyang, Hengfeng, Guixi, Dexing, yujiang county County, Wannian, Shangrao and Buried Hill) and Hunan-Hubei-Jiangxi Soviet Area (including Tonggu, Xiushui, Wanzai and Yifeng) are the most important.

During the period of 1930- 1934, the whole country * * * carried out five military encirclement and suppression campaigns against the Soviet area in Jiangxi Province, and its cruel two-way confrontation cleansing (including internal cleansing of the Red Army and post-war cleansing of * * *) caused a large number of people to die or flee, which made the population of Jiangxi drop by 40%. 1936 only left 65438+.

Jiangxi is also the province with the most martyrs.

(17% of * * and 2/3 of * *).

1934 In March, the national * * * launched a new life movement in Nanchang, which was later extended to the whole country.

In addition, every summer, a large number of state functionaries go from Nanjing to Lushan Mountain, the "summer capital", for the summer, and establish facilities such as an officer training regiment in Lushan Mountain.

1936, the Guangdong-Han railway through Hunan was opened to traffic, which made Jiangxi lose the important position of north-south transportation.

From 65438 to 0937, the east-west zhejiang-jiangxi railway was opened to traffic, which greatly changed the original traffic and urban pattern in Jiangxi, and Jiujiang Port began to decline.