Which provinces do Shanxi, Shaanxi and Lu Yu refer to respectively?

Shanxi, Shaanxi and Lu Yu refer to Shanxi, Shaanxi, Shandong and Henan provinces respectively.

1. Shanxi, named after being located in the west of Taihang Mountain, is called "Jin" for short, also known as "Sanjin", and its capital is Taiyuan City. Shanxi is bordered by Taihang Mountain in the east, Luliang Mountain and Yellow River in the west and south, the ancient Great Wall in the north, and Hebei, Henan, Shaanxi, Inner Mongolia and other provinces and regions. Liu Zongyuan called it "the mountains and rivers in the exterior".

Shanxi is one of the birthplaces of the Chinese nation, with a written history of 3, years. It is known as the "cradle of Chinese civilization" and the "China Museum of Ancient Culture". The total area is 156,7 square kilometers, with Taihang Mountain in the east and Luliang Mountain in the west. The mountainous area accounts for more than 8% of the total area of the province.

2. Shaanxi, short for Shaanxi or Qin, also known as "Sanqin", is a province in the northwest of China, with Xi 'an as the capital and located in the hinterland of China.

It belongs to the middle reaches of the Yellow River and the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, and its geographical coordinates are between 15 29 ′ ~ 111 15 ′ east longitude and 31 42 ′ ~ 39 35 ′ north latitude. With an area of about 21, square kilometers and a population of 37.33 million, it has jurisdiction over 1 prefecture-level cities. It borders Shanxi and Henan in the east, Ningxia and Gansu in the west, Sichuan, Chongqing and Hubei in the south, and Inner Mongolia in the north, and is an important hub connecting the eastern and central regions of China with the northwest and southwest. In the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty, Zhou Chengwang was bounded by Shaanxi, and the west was under the jurisdiction of Zhao Gong. Later generations called the west of Shaanxi "Shaanxi". Shaanxi province has a long history and profound cultural heritage, and has been referred to as "Qin" for a long time in history.

3. Shandong, named after living in the east of Taihang Mountain, is called "Lu" for short, and is the capital of Jinan. In the pre-Qin period, it belonged to Qi and Lu, so it was renamed Qilu. Shandong is located in the east China coast, the lower reaches of the Yellow River and the north-central section of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, and is the northernmost province in East China. The west is the Huanghuaihai Plain, which connects the Central Plains and borders Hebei, Henan, Anhui and Jiangsu provinces from north to south. The central part is the Luzhong Mountain area, with high terrain, and Mount Tai is the highest point in the whole territory; Shandong Peninsula in the east, extending into the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea, facing Liaodong Peninsula across the Bohai Strait in the north, guarding Gyeonggi, facing the Korean Peninsula across the Yellow Sea in the east, facing the Yellow Sea in the southeast, overlooking the East China Sea and the southern islands of Japan.

4. Shandong is the birthplace of Confucian culture. The founders of Confucianism, Confucius and Mencius, and the founder of Mohism, Wu Qi, were all born in Lu. Jiang Taigong established Qi State in Linzi, and made a large number of celebrities with lofty ideals such as Qi Huangong, Guan Zhong, Yan Ying, Bao Shuya, Sun Wu and Sun Bin. Qi also founded Jixia Xuegong, the world's first officially-run and privately-run institution of higher learning.

Henan, the center of the country, was called the Central Plains in ancient times. It is located in the central and eastern part of China and the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River. It is called Henan because most of it is located in the south of the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River in history. It is adjacent to Shandong and Anhui in the east, Hebei and Shanxi in the north, Shaanxi in the west, Hubei in the south, connecting the east with the west and looking north in the south. Henan is the core birthplace of Chinese civilization and the center of Chinese history and culture. It once lived in the political, economic, cultural and transportation center of China for 5, years, and even more, world-famous ancient capitals such as Luoyang, Kaifeng, Anyang, Zhengzhou and Shangqiu were born. Henan, the eight ancient capitals in China, accounts for the fourth place, making it the province with the largest number of ancient capitals in China.