What is Heilongjiang Province?

Heilongjiang province, named after Heilongjiang, originated in Mongolia and flowed into the Sea of Okhotsk. General Heilongjiang (provincial level) established in the early Qing Dynasty governs both sides of Heilongjiang, extending from Xing 'an Mountains in the north to Songhua River in the southeast. Harbin was subordinate to General Jilin at that time.

Heilongjiang in the early Qing Dynasty

Middle East Railway

The arrival of the train changed all this. /kloc-At the end of 0/9, Russia gained the privilege of building railways in three northeastern provinces of China by bullying the Qing government.

This railway, referred to as the Middle East Railway for short, passes through China, straightens the distance between Russia and Vladivostok, and creates conditions for Russia to further invade the northeast of China.

Middle East Railway and South Manchuria Railway

The Middle East Railway runs from Manzhouli in the west to Suifenhe in the east. Today, Manzhouli Port is mainly used as a passage for freight and international trains, because it is opposite to the grassland Gobi. Russia's Primorsky Krai, which borders Suifenhe River, is the most prosperous place in Russia's Far East, and most tourists and businessmen pass through this port.

The Middle East Railway has built a "river bridge" where it crosses the Nenjiang River south of Qiqihar. The Battle of Jiangqiao took place here, and the first shot against Japanese aggression was fired after the September 18th Incident.

Binzhou Railway Bridge is built on Songhua River, and Nanman Railway is connected with Middle East Railway, forming a T-shaped railway hub. Harbin has developed from a small village to the largest city in northern Manchuria.

Harbin Station on Middle East Railway and South Manchuria Railway

During the period of 1954, Harbin became the capital of Heilongjiang, and Heilongjiang and Jilin provinces changed from "west black east Hebei" to "north black south Hebei" in the late Qing Dynasty. Along the Middle East Railway (except Inner Mongolia), it is included in Heilongjiang Province.

Heilongjiang province and Jilin province today

Northernmost and easternmost

After this adjustment, Heilongjiang Province is both the northernmost part of China and the easternmost part of China.

The center line of the main channel in the northern part of Mohe City in Daxinganling area of Heilongjiang Province is the northernmost part of China. Mohe Village by the river, also known as China Arctic Village (now upgraded to Arctic Town), is one of the coldest places in China in winter. Mohe Space Environment Field Observation and Research Station of Institute of Geology and Geophysics, China Academy of Sciences is located in Mohe City.

Moheji village

Mohe space environment field observation station

The easternmost point is the Sino-Russian border of Heixiazi Island at the intersection of Heilongjiang and Wusuli River. "Black blind man" means "black bear" in Northeast dialect, so this island is actually "bear island". "China East Pole" sculpture and Sun Plaza are built on the outer river where two rivers meet in the south of the island.

This is the place where China first saw the sunrise. "When the Pamirs are starry, the Wusuli River is already full of sunshine." .

The earliest place to watch the sunrise in China.

Eastern China

The jurisdiction area is larger than the map.

Now the outline of Heilongjiang Province is like a white swan spreading its wings, with an area of about 473,000 square kilometers, but the actual jurisdiction area of Heilongjiang Province is even larger than this.

The Daxinganling area belonging to Mohe City was introduced earlier, and the administrative office was located in Jiagedaqi, Inner Mongolia.

In 1960s, in order to develop the forestry resources in Daxing 'anling, Daxing 'anling Special Zone was established, which belongs to Heilongjiang Province, and Olunchun Autonomous Banner in eastern Inner Mongolia and Molidawa Daur Autonomous Banner were included. Jiagedaqi in Oroqen Autonomous Banner has become the local political center because it is located at the intersection of two railways.

By the end of 1970s, Oroqen Autonomous Banner and Molidawa Daur Autonomous Banner were re-assigned to Inner Mongolia, but Jiagedaqi District and Songling District of Oroqen Autonomous Banner were still under the jurisdiction of Daxinganling District.

Daxinganling

1 1 1 National Highway was originally named Kyoka Highway, and its end point was Jiagedaqi.

In addition to forestry resources, Daxing 'anling region is rich in gold resources, such as Laogou Gold Mine.

Xiaoxing' anling

Daxing 'anling and Xiaoxing 'anling are distributed in a herringbone shape, with Daxing 'anling extending to the southwest and Xiaoxing 'anling extending to the southeast.

Location of Daxing 'anling and Xiaoxing 'anling

Northeast of Xiaoxing 'anling is Heilongjiang, and Aihui District of Heihe City is by the river, formerly known as Aihui City, where the Aihui Treaty was signed.

Volcanoes on the west side of Xiaoxing 'anling erupted at the beginning of18th century, and lava blocked the river, forming five interconnected lakes, which is the origin of Wudalianchi. Here, you can not only see the lake, but also enjoy the volcanic cone.

Xiaoxing 'anling is beautiful and rich, and it is known as Yichun, the "forest capital" and Hegang, the "coal city".

These cities, which have developed rapidly due to resource development, may fall into recession and population loss when resources are exhausted and cannot be transformed in time, and they are located at the end of railways and other transportation. Coupled with the high urbanization rate, it is easy to have "low housing prices".

Songnen plain

Sandwiched between Daxing 'anling and Xiaoxing 'anling is Songnen Plain. Nenjiang River, which originated in Daxing 'anling, flows through here and flows into Songhua River. There are also rivers that do not join the big rivers, such as the Wuyuer River, which "disappear" on the Songnen Plain, forming swamps and wetlands. For example, the famous Zhalong Wetland is an important red-crowned crane reserve in China.

Zhalong wetland

So Qiqihar, also known as "he cheng", once the capital of Heilongjiang, is now an industrial city with equipment manufacturing as the main industry. In the early days of the People's Republic of China, Qiqihar No.1 Machine Tool Factory and No.2 Machine Tool Factory, the largest railway freight car factory in northern China, Jianhua Factory and Heping Factory were all here.

Fulaerji District is a satellite city on the Middle East railway line in the southern suburbs of Qiqihar City, and it is an industrial zone that was mainly built during the First Five-Year Plan period. The first heavy machinery factory based on Ural heavy machinery factory of the Soviet Union and the Fularkite steel plant producing special steel were laid out. The Northeast Heavy Machinery Institute, which was separated from Harbin Institute of Technology, was also built here. The bank of Nenjiang River in the east of Fulaerji City is called "Red Bank".

Fularki

Opposite Nenjiang River is Ang Ang Creek District, where the Middle East Railway and Pingqi Railway cross.

Nianzishan District, another satellite city in Qiqihar City, is located at the edge of Songnen Plain, at the east foot of Daxing 'anling Mountains, and is the location of Huaan Factory relocated during the "Third Line Construction" period.

Qiqihar is also a Daur inhabited area, and Meilisi Daur area is the only Daur area under the jurisdiction of the city in China. Taha Township in Fuyu County and Friendship Township around the county seat are Daur and other ethnic minority townships.

Shuanghe Farm in gannan county, Qiqihar City is an enclave of Beijing.

Songnen Plain produces high-quality pasture, and Fuyu County and Lindian County are the main milk sources in China.

There is abundant oil underground in the west of Songnen Plain. On September 26th, 1959, oil was drilled here. Because "Anniversary Celebration" coincides with the 10th anniversary of the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), it was named "Anniversary Celebration". In this land full of lakes and swamps, an oil city has sprung up. Up to now, the anniversary is also called "the city of 100 lakes".

Daqing, the city of oil

The eastern part of Songnen Plain is covered by fertile black land, and Suihua and other places are important grain producing areas.

Harbin

Harbin is the easternmost part of Songnen Plain, which is a city rising because of the Middle East Railway. At first, the city extended along the Songhua River, and the Middle East Railway divided the city into Daoli District and Daowai District. The east side of the Middle East Railway is Daowai District, and the west side is Daoli District.

At that time, foreigners mainly lived in Daoli District, where there were many Russian-style buildings, such as Hagia Sophia Cathedral and Central Street full of eastern European customs. Therefore, modern Harbin is called "Moscow of the East".

Hagia Sophia

After the founding of New China, Harbin, as the core city of industrial construction in Northeast China, has successively laid out Harbin Boiler Factory, Harbin Steam Turbine Factory and Harbin Electric Machine Factory on three major power roads, and Harbin is known as the "Power City".

China's first helicopter was born in Nanjiao Pingfang District, which is also the origin of today's Yun 12 and Zhi 9.

With the development of industry, science and education in Harbin is also developing vigorously. Harbin Institute of Technology entered the fast lane, and Harbin Military Industry was established in Harbin.

Harbin has many tourist attractions, such as the world of ice and snow, the Sun Island on the Songhua River and the unique Yangmingtan Bridge. There is also Binzhou Railway Bridge, a Middle East railway with a history of 100 years. After the new bridge was opened to traffic, the old bridge has been transformed into a scenic spot for pedestrians only. Riverside Bridge in the lower reaches was built in 1930s, which is the first highway-rail bridge in modern China.

The old Middle East Railway Bridge has been transformed into a scenic spot.

Harbin Ice and Snow World

As an immigrant city, Harbin has many delicious foods, such as Harbin sausage, spiced beef jerky and old Ding Feng cake. Of course, there are northeast barbecue and Harbin beer.

Hulan District of Harbin is the hometown of Xiao Hong, a female writer of the Republic of China. Her novel Biography of Hulan River is set in Hulan.

Acheng district is the birthplace of the state of Jin, and women are really fishing and hunting people. The harsh environment in the northeast makes them brave and strong.

Wuchang city is famous for "Wuchang Rice".

Shangzhi city, formerly known as Hezhu County, was renamed in memory of Zhao Shangzhi, a hero of the Northeast Anti-Union Movement. Yabuli in China is a ski resort.

Changbai Mountain

East of Harbin is the remnant vein of Changbai Mountain. Mudanjiang City, located on the bank of Mudanjiang in Changbai Mountain, has developed rapidly due to the passage of the Middle East Railway. Mudanjiang city is named after Mudanjiang.

Mudanjiang scenery

In the upper reaches of Ning 'an City, there is a mirror-like Jingbo Lake. Jingbo Lake is a dammed lake formed by volcanic lava blocking Mudanjiang. The lake overflows the dammed lake and flows into Mudanjiang, forming the Diaoshuilou Waterfall. The crater to the west of Jingbo Lake has grown into a forest because it has not erupted for a long time. This is the famous Crater National Forest Park.

Jingbohu Diaoshuilou Waterfall

Crater forest

Longquan House, the capital of Bohai Sea in Tang Dynasty, was also in Ning 'an City, modeled after Chang 'an City, and now only its remains can be seen.

The northern end of Changbai Mountain has high latitude, low altitude, abundant precipitation, large snowfall and beautiful scenery such as Snow Country.

Changbai Mountain here is also rich in coal. Jixi, Qitaihe and Shuangyashan are all emerging industrial and mining cities developed by coal mining.

Shuangyashan city scenery

According to legend, Jixi is named after Jiguan Mountain, which has jurisdiction over Jidong County.

Qitaihe is not only a coal mine, but also the backbone of ice sports in China, and has trained many short track speed skating champions such as Yang Yang, Wang Meng and Fan Kexin.

Raohe River in Shuangyashan City is the main inhabited area of Hezhe nationality, Hezhe nationality is a fishing nationality, and fish fur clothing is their characteristic clothing.

To the east of the remaining veins of Changbai Mountain are Xingkai Lake and Wusuli River. Xingkai Lake is divided into big and small lakes, both of which are in China, and only a small part of the big lake belongs to China. Ussuri River is also the boundary river between China and Russia.

Sanjiang plain

The northernmost part of Changbai Mountain echoes Xiaoxing 'anling through Songhua River, Jiamusi City is here, and Sanjiang Plain is east of Jiamusi City. Songhua River flows into Heilongjiang in Tongjiang City, and then Wusuli River also flows into Heilongjiang and Russia.

Jiamusi on the Songhua River

This area used to be called Hejiang area. The government is stationed in Jiamusi, and four railways, Suijia, Tujia, Jiahe and Jiafu, interact here. It is the transportation hub in the northeast of Heilongjiang Province. However, Jiamusi and Harbin used to drink Heilongjiang water, but there was no direct railway. This situation was not changed until the opening of the 20 18 Hajia express railway.

Before the founding of the People's Republic of China, Sanjiang Plain was a swamp and low-lying land, belonging to the "Great Northern Wilderness". After liberation, thanks to the efforts of the broad masses of soldiers and civilians including Heilongjiang Production and Construction Corps, it is now known as the "granary of China" with fertile land.

Sanjiang plain

In recent years, in order to protect the environment, some cultivated land has been returned to wet land.

Caption: The pictures are all from the Internet and related official website.