Humanistic knowledge in Australia.

Australia is a typical immigrant country with a population of over 20 million. Most Australian residents believe in Christianity, and English is the common language. Multiculturalism, which is composed of many nationalities, is a remarkable feature of Australian society.

Australia is rich in mineral resources and is an important producer and exporter of mineral resources in the world.

Australia has developed agriculture and animal husbandry, known as the "country riding on the back of sheep", and is the largest exporter of wool and beef in the world.

(Complex) Country Name: Commonwealth of Australia.

Capital: Canberra

Area: 7.692 million square kilometers

Population: 2,654.38+560,000 (654.38+560,000 in 2009 10).

Language: English, the indigenous language, the official language of Australia is English.

Currency: Australian dollar

Ethnic composition: 95.2% are descendants of immigrants from Britain and other European countries, 1.3% are Asians, 1.5% are aborigines, and 2% are others.

Religion: 25% people have no religious belief, Anglican 2 1%, Roman Catholic 27%, other Christian 2 1%, and other religious believers 6%.

Head of State: Australia's nominal head of state is the head of the Commonwealth, that is, the King (or Queen) of England, who appoints the Governor-General of Australia as his representative. The current king of England is Elizabeth II.

The attached picture shows the Australian flag, map and national emblem, as well as the Sydney Opera House (Sydney Harbour Bridge in the background), which is usually regarded as Australia's landmark.

Human development index: ranked third in the world, index: 0.957.

National symbol

National Flag: The national flag is dark blue, and the British flag pattern is in the upper left corner of the national flag, indicating the traditional relationship between Australia and Britain. Below is a huge white seven-pointed star, symbolizing the six states and the federal government that make up the Commonwealth of Australia. There are five white stars on the right side of the flag land, one of which is pentagonal and the others are heptagons. Five small stars represent the Southern Cross (the constellation that Australia can see most clearly).

National emblem: The national emblem of Australia is kangaroo on the left and emu on the right. These two animals are unique to Australia, with a shield in the middle. There are six groups of patterns on the shield, symbolizing the six states of the country. The red St. George's Cross (with a lion and four stars on it) symbolizes New South Wales; The southern cross under the crown represents Victoria; The blue cross represents Queensland; Shrike stands for South Australia; The black swan symbolizes Western Australia; The red lion symbolizes Tasmania. Above the shield is a seven-pointed star, symbolizing the six states and the federal government that make up the Commonwealth of Australia. The ribbon below has the English word "Australia".

National Day: 65438+1October 26th (1788)

National flower: Acacia (Acacia, Latin name: Acacia)

Many misinformed materials say that the national tree of Australia is eucalyptus and the national bird is Qin bird, which are all incorrect. The Australian Ministry of Foreign Affairs stated through its official website that up to now (2008), there are no officially recognized national trees, birds or animals in Australia. The Australian government didn't declare acacia as the national flower until August 1988. So far, there are no animals or birds as national symbols.

Local customs and practices

Australians have both hearty westerners and reserved orientals. They have a wide range of interests and like sports, such as surfing, windsurfing, horse racing, fishing, bocce, Australian regular football, rugby and swimming.

The aborigines living in Australia still protect their customs. They hunt for a living, and boomerang is their unique hunting weapon. Many of them still live in shacks made of branches and mud, surrounded by a piece of cloth or kangaroo skin, and like to get tattoos or paint various colors on their bodies. Usually only some yellow and white colors are painted on cheeks, shoulders and chest, and they are painted all over the body on holidays or festivals. Tattoos are mostly thick lines, some like raindrops and some like ripples. For the indigenous people who have passed the rite of passage, tattoos are not only for decoration, but also for attracting the love of the opposite sex. At the carnival dance, people wore colorful decorations and painted colorful patterns, and danced in groups around the bonfire. Dancing and painting are simple, reflecting hunting life and so on.

With the changes of the times, some indigenous people gradually left the tribe and moved to the city to live. Australia has various preferential policies for indigenous people, including providing them with all kinds of necessary assistance in housing, employment and welfare. In tourist areas, the artworks and handicrafts of indigenous people are one of the items collected and purchased by tourists all over the world, and they are the source of income for indigenous people.