Scenic spot structure of Guangji Temple

The west wing of Guangji Temple occupies an important position in the whole immigration history. Because it was an institution specially set up by the Ming government at that time-"Daming Hongdong Immigration Issuing Office", it was an important place for the Ming government to handle the relocation procedures at that time. In order to let the wanderer glad you came come from afar, the scenic spot recreates the scene at that time.

At first glance, this hall looks like a yamen, but it is actually the office of immigration officials in the Ming Dynasty. "Silence" and "avoidance" cards stand on both sides. In the middle is Four Treasures of the Study's case-solving, with a mallet and a warrant on it. The mallet is an angular rectangular hardwood, which means "rules", and has the functions of serious court, powerful official prestige and shocking the people on trial. The small mallet used by the emperor is called "gentian wood", also called "Zhenshanhe". The emperor shot it all over the world to show his supreme power; The name used by the prime minister is "Cao", also called "Zuo Chaogang" to show his identity; Generals use "from tiger to tiger", also known as "scaring the tiger", to shock the morale of the army; County officials call it "Jing Tang" or "Jing Tang Mu". Orders are used to announce judgments and issue orders. Generally, there are three orders: white, red and black. White is the lightest, followed by red, and black is the heaviest. The same is the 40 big board, the white label is swollen, the red label is born and the black label is broken. After the case, there was a map of the territory of Zhang Mingchao, which was used by officials to study the direction and route of immigration. On the left is the immigration road map, and on the right is the immigration announcement, which respectively explains the reasons, preferential policies and destinations of immigration. Seeing this, I believe that you already have a picture of the migration of Ming people in your mind, and you can better imagine the hardships and helplessness of the ancestors who were forced to leave their homes.

At that time, one side of the case was used to register immigrants. The immigrants took the photos of the immigrants here, filled them out by the bookkeeper, and then went to the opposite court office to take Chuandu, and they were moved away. The boxes here are full of silver ingots and copper coins specially used for immigration. The complexity of the procedure and the harshness of the system made each of our descendants of immigrants truly feel the government's attention to immigrants at that time and the people's reluctance to leave their homes.

There are some Ming Dynasty costumes in the scenic spot, including imperial envoys, officials and scholars. There is an office where the staff of the cultural department of Genzu answer questions for the descendants of immigrants. If you have a family tree or want to repair it, you can come here for consultation. There is "South Amitabha Buddha" on the screen wall outside the gate of Guangji Temple. "Nanwu" is pronounced as nāmū, meaning to respect or convert to Buddhism; Amitabha, the founder of the pure land of western bliss, popularized all beings with infinite dharma. There is no Amitabha in South China, which is a tribute to Amitabha. Therefore, many people often recite "there is no Amitabha in the south" to pray for the protection of Buddhism.

The mountain gate of Guangji Temple, that is, the main entrance of the temple, is called the mountain gate because most of the temples are built in the mountains. The two guardians by the door are called "Jimmy King Kong" and "Rona Yantian" respectively. Because one of them opened his mouth to breathe and the other stared and blew his nose, we also called them "two generals". They guard the forefront of the temple and have the functions of eliminating evil and showing righteousness, eliminating evil and promoting good, and protecting Buddhism. The Temple of the King is a place dedicated to the four heavenly kings. In the middle of Tianwang Temple is Maitreya with a big belly, followed by Bodhisattva Wei Tuo, with four heavenly kings on both sides. The one in the middle with two earlobes and two shoulders and a bare chest and belly is Maitreya. Maitreya Buddha, transliterated in Sanskrit, is the established successor of Sakyamuni Buddha, the founder of Buddhism, which is what we usually call the future Buddha. According to the time on earth, it will take 5.67 billion years to become a Buddha.

The growth king of the south, armed with a green lightsaber, protects Buddhism from infringement. In the East, the monarch of a country holds a jasper pipa, which shows that music is used to convert all living beings to Buddhism. There are many heavenly kings in the north, holding treasure umbrellas, also known as treasure flags, to subdue demons and protect all beings. The wide-eyed king in the west wrapped his hand around the dragon head and snake body to catch people who don't believe in Buddhism and make them convert to Buddhism, while the other held a treasure ball to take the meaning of playing with dragons and pearls. There is also an auspicious saying among the people: the four heavenly kings each hold an instrument, and the sword takes the wind because of its blade; Pipa can't be tight or loose because of strings, take its tune; An umbrella can shelter from the rain and take away its rain; Dragons and snakes represent auspiciousness, and together they symbolize good weather.

The image of the young military commander behind Maitreya is General Wei Tuo. In the temple, there are two images of General Wei Tuo: one is to put the diamond pestle between the elbows with folded hands, indicating that the temple is a reception temple that allows foreign monks to eat and live here; The other is to put the Kumgang on the ground as we have seen, indicating that the temple is a non-reception temple that does not accept foreign monks. Wei Tuo is enshrined behind Maitreya, because it is said that they were originally monks who were in charge of two temples respectively. Maitreya is always smiling and hospitable, and the temple is full of incense, but he is not good at managing money. On the contrary, Wei Tuo kept a straight face all day, and pilgrims were afraid to enter. The temple was deserted, but he had a way of managing accounts. Later, the Buddha asked them to manage the temple, learn from each other's strengths, and manage the temple in an orderly manner.

Bell and Drum Tower is a public building used to tell time in ancient China. Bells and drums were originally ancient musical instruments, and later they were used in combat. So-called drumming, ringing the golden bell to retreat, and then used for striking the time. The bell at dawn reminds people to get up, and the drum at night reminds people to rest. It is of special significance for Buddhist temples to ring bells and drums. After the clock in the morning, there is a drum, and after the drum at night, there is a clock. It can be said that the drums awaken the rich and the bells awaken the dreamers.

The statue of Guanyin Bodhisattva holds a jade bottle in its left hand and Yang Liuzhi in its right hand. Because of its great compassion, it is called the Great Compassion Bodhisattva. It can show 33 kinds of changes, save 12 kinds of big troubles, and finally attract people to the western paradise. It is said that the Dojo is in Putuo Mountain, Zhejiang. This is a male image. Buddhism flourished in the Tang Dynasty because there were no women in Buddhism at the earliest. Because Guanyin Bodhisattva has feminine characteristics, she turned him into a woman for the convenience of female worship.

Behind Guanyin Bodhisattva is a pagoda called pagoda in Chinese Buddhism, that is, the pagoda in "It is better to build a seven-story pagoda than to save a life". The seven-story pagoda refers to the seven-story pagoda, which means saving a life, which is equivalent to building a seven-story pagoda for you with your merits. In Buddhism, the seven-story stupa is the highest-level stupa. Building a pagoda is a very meritorious thing, and it can't be built casually. The Buddha statue of Sakyamuni is enshrined in the Ursa Mahayana Hall. Daxiong is the name of Buddha. Big means everything; Hero means catching the devil. Because Sakyamuni Buddha can shake the world, all Buddhist disciples respect him as Daxiong. The treasure in the hall refers to the three treasures of Buddhism: Buddha, Dharma and Monk. Sitting in the middle is Buddha Sakyamuni. This is what the Buddha called posture. The three Buddha statues above represent the buddhas in China, the East and the West. In the middle is the Buddha of Sakyamuni in our world; On the right is the pharmacist Liuli Buddha in the oriental pure glass world; On the left is Amitabha in the western paradise. Together, these three buddhas are called "Heng III Buddha". This is clearly recorded in the Buddhist Huayan Sutra, the pharmacist's original wish Sutra and the Guanyin Bodhisattva Sutra.

The two people standing in front of the Buddha are Ye Jia and Ananda. On the left of the Buddha is the Ye Jia Buddha, who is the first of the Buddha's ten disciples. Ye Jia means to drink up, because he was born with golden body, so he got his name. He is also called the Golden Monk. On the right hand side of the Buddha is Ananda. According to the Buddhist scriptures, Ananda is the cousin of the Buddha, and his name is Ananda, which means joy, celebration and non-staining. Ananda was born at the time of Buddha's enlightenment, so he took this name. Ananda is also the Ananda in the story about shurangama mantra that we talked about earlier, and one of the top ten disciples of the Buddha. On both sides of Daxiong Hall are the famous eighteen arhats of Buddhism. In fact, the eighteen arhats did not always exist. Five Dynasties ago, there were sixteen arhats in Buddhist temples, who were sixteen disciples of Sakyamuni when he was giving lectures. In the Song Dynasty, two more arhats were added, namely, the dragon-descending arhat and the crouching tiger arhat. Later, the number of arhats increased to 500, and they were instructed by the Buddha to live in the world forever to protect Buddhism and benefit all beings.

Lohan Khufu: It is said that tigers often howl outside the temple where they live. He thinks tigers are hungry, so he gives them their own food. After a long time, the tiger was subdued by him and often played with him, hence the name.

Lohan with long eyebrows: It is said that he was born with two long eyebrows, hence the name.

Lohan in a bag: an ancient Indian snake catcher, he often carried a bag to catch snakes to prevent pedestrians from being bitten. After catching the snakes, he pulled out his fangs and set them free. Because of his kindness, he achieved positive results, so he got the name.

Lohan Zen meditation: One of the ten disciples of Buddha, the son of Prince Sakyamuni, became a monk with his father.

Enlightenment in meditation, hence the name.

Happy Lohan: Originally a prince of Tianzhu, his younger brother wanted to compete with him for the throne, so he invited him to say that I only had Buddha in my heart and never wanted to be king. So he unbuttoned his clothes and saw that there was a Buddha in his heart, so his brother stopped fighting with him for the throne and later became a monk with good results.

Lohan sitting on a deer: It was named after having brought deer into the palace to persuade Wang to learn Buddhism.

Sit-in Lohan: Also known as vigorous Lohan, because he was born as a samurai in the past, he has infinite strength. The Buddha told him to sit still and give up rudeness to show his physique, hence the name.

Lohan with a bowl: He gives in a different way. He lifted the iron bowl for alms every time, hence the name.

Vajraputra: He used to be a hunter, but he stopped killing after studying Buddhism. The lions came to thank him, hence the name.

Lohan is jubilant: an ancient Indian orator. According to Buddhist scriptures, he "knows all the sounds of good and evil" and is a disciple who has personally listened to the teachings of the Buddha. Someone asked him what happiness is. He said: Happiness felt by hearing, sight, smell and taste is happiness. Ask him what celebration is. He said: the happiness you can't feel through your eyes, ears, nose, tongue, mouth and hands is celebration. For example, if you sincerely feel the existence of Buddha, you will feel happy, hence the name.

Totarhat: Because the pagoda is used to collect Buddhist relics, it has become a symbol of Buddha. He held the stupa because he missed the Buddha and was the last disciple accepted by the Buddha.

Lohan crossing the river: He is the waiter of the Buddha and is in charge of bathing, so some Zen forest bathrooms are dedicated to his Buddha statue. According to legend, he went to east indies to spread Buddhism after completing Lohan, just like a dragonfly crossing the river, hence the name.

Lohan riding an elephant: This is an elephant trainer. He is strong, hard-working and a symbol of Buddhism, hence the name.

Lohan: He often squats and meditates. After meditation, he often raised his hand and let out a long whistle, hence the name.

Lohan digs ears: He is a Buddhist theorist, especially famous for expounding the theory of ear roots. The so-called ear root refers to six eyes, namely, eyes, ears, nose, tongue, body, mind, six senses and their functions. Buddhism believes that six roots are the root of life and death. If you want to get rid of life and death, you must have six clean roots. He is an expert in the purity of ear roots, so his image is often like digging ears.

Luohan Banana: Because it was raining when it was born, the leaves of banana were rustled by the rain, hence the name. After he became a monk, he often practiced hard under the banana tree, which was called arhat banana.

Lohan, the doorman: alms often hit the door with his fist and ask people to come out for alms. Later, the Buddha gave him a picture, and he shook it in front of people's doors with his cane. When people in the house hear Zhang Xi's voice, they really open the door and give alms.

Legend has it that there was a demon named Papman in ancient India. He incited exhausted countries to kill monks, tear down temples and plunder all Buddhist scriptures to exhausted countries. The dragon flooded the country and hid Buddhist scriptures in the Dragon Palace. He conquered the dragon, got back the Buddhist scriptures, and made great contributions, hence the name.

Island Guanyin and 108 Luohan statues carved on wood beside the scenic spot are of high artistic value. These arhats are all disciples of Guanyin Bodhisattva, including Manjusri Bodhisattva riding a lion and Samantabhadra Bodhisattva riding a white elephant. On both sides of Guanyin Island, there are two lotus teenagers. According to the ten rounds of scriptures of Tibetan Buddha, it is called Tibetan Buddha because it is "as enduring as the earth, as deep as the secret", and Tibetan Buddha once made a grand vow that "the hell is not empty, and it will never become a Buddha", so it is also called "Tibetan Buddha wishes the king and bodhisattva" so that all beings can recite its name and worship its image.

The two waiters in front of the Tibetan Bodhisattva are Gong Min and Ming Dow. It can be seen that Gong Min is older than Ming Dow, but Gong Min is standing on the head of the Bodhisattva Ksitigarbha. Speaking of which, here is a short story: When the Tibetan Bodhisattva became a monk, there was an old man named Gong Min at the foot of Jiuhua Mountain in Anhui. He has always been very kind to people, and often invites ninety-nine eminent monks to leave a vacancy for Tibetan monks on the mountain to make up the number of 100. After many years, until the day when the Bodhisattva became a monk, he came from the mountain to ask Gong Min to give him a big cassock. Gong Min said, "All the land in Jiuhuashan is mine. Please feel free to choose. " So the Bodhisattva exhibited the cassock, which covered the whole Jiuhua Mountain. When Gong Min saw it, he knew that the Bodhisattva had achieved a positive result, so he donated the mountain and let his son become a monk.

This family is a disciple of the Tibetan Bodhisattva, and his son is Ming Dow. Later, Gong Min also believed in Buddhism. Because he became a monk one after another, Gong Min became his son's brother. So Ming Dow stood at the top of the Bodhisattva and Gong Min stood at the bottom. Below the Tibetan Museum is the Jade Buddha Exhibition Hall, which can be visited by interested friends. There are the Western Three Sages Hall, the Tong Yuan Treasure Hall, the Jade Guanyin Hall and the French Logistics Office on both sides, so you can visit them freely.