How did the Qing court treat its own land of Longxing at that time?

As the land of Longxing in the Qing Dynasty, the rulers of the Qing Dynasty naturally paid different attention to this fertile soil. Since the Qing dynasty entered the customs, the development of this land in the Qing dynasty has gone through four different stages.

The first stage, from 1644 when the Qing army entered the customs to the seventh year of Kangxi (1668), was the period of recruiting people to reclaim land.

During this period, the northeast was seriously damaged by the Ming and Qing wars, and there was no land. In order to restore the broken economy in Northeast China, the emperor shunzhi promulgated the Order of Recruiting People for Reclamation in Liaodong, that is, recruiting people to reclaim land in Northeast China, so that the number of people recruited was awarded the position of recruiting people. "Reclaiming Liaodong" promoted the economic development in Guanzhong area and eased the sharp contradiction between man and land.

In The Son of Heaven, Deng Chao plays Shunzhi, the first emperor of the Qing Dynasty.

After a large number of Han Chinese flooded into the northeast, the Qing court issued a ban policy from 65438 to 0668, aiming at protecting the livelihood of flag bearers and preventing Han Chinese from going out of the customs. Since then, the reclamation order has stopped, and the land development in Northeast China has entered the second stage-

The northeast stage was closed to 1860 (Xianfeng decade).

The reasons for the ban are complicated. In the past, it was thought that in order to keep the difference between Manchu and Chinese, the martial arts and riding and shooting customs of Manchu were maintained in Mandarin. At the same time, in order to maintain the livelihood of the Eight Banners, avoid disputes between the Banners and the people, and prevent the Han people from bringing the kindling of resistance to the Northeast; In addition, Northeast China also has unique economic benefits. In order to protect the monopoly of the Qing court on ginseng, Oriental Pearl, gold and other resources, maintain the state-owned land and close it.

The above reasons can be attributed to the class interests of the Qing rulers. In fact, the closure of Northeast China is also related to "the ideological basis of the frontier policy guidelines of Qing Dynasty".

First, maintain the Manchu-Mongolian alliance, prevent the combination of Han and Mongolia, and threaten the rule of the Qing Dynasty. Second, the Northeast will be built into the Eight Banners military base. After the Qing army entered the customs, few officers and men stayed in the northeast, which became an urgent problem for the Qing court to solve. With the establishment of the garrison system in the capital and other places, the Qing court could not make a large number of officers and men of the Eight Banners return to the northeast, nor could it entrust the "vital" defense responsibility to the Han soldiers in green camp. The rampant Russian aggression and the emergence of bourgeois rebellion made the Qing court deeply feel the urgency of strengthening the military power in Northeast China, so it took wise measures to defend the frontier land with the frontier people. In order to make the measures to ensure the military base of the Eight Banners in Northeast China play an effective role, the Qing court implemented the blockade policy.

Third, we should realize the military deterrence of the Central Plains and Mongolia's military restraint strategy. The Qing court strengthened the strength and status of the Eight Banners Army, improved its prestige, and completely controlled the vast areas such as the northeast, the north and south of the desert, and the northwest, forming a situation of building a strategic location in the Central Plains, attracting and not developing, thus exerting a psychological deterrent effect on the Han nationality; In order to control Mongolia's strategic position, the Qing court strictly controlled the Han population outside the customs.

In a word, the Qing court managed the Northeast with the attitude of establishing a base area, in order to rule the whole country more effectively and maintain the deterrent force against other nationalities, which was essentially different from the blockade of other regions.

Block the site of "Liutiaobian" in Northeast China.

In fact, this ban is very difficult to implement. On the one hand, local officials did not strictly investigate the cultivated land of refugees, but took the opportunity to confiscate it, and then rented it to refugees in the name of the government to profit from it. On the other hand, the banners were not used to farming, so they voluntarily rented the land to refugees for farming and collected their own land rent. Coupled with the natural disasters in the pass, the people are poor, or they are forbidden to travel east or beg in the capital. Northeast China is a vast territory with a vast territory and a sparsely populated area, which is a paradise for Shanhaiguan refugees to survive and forage. Therefore, it was beyond the reach of the Qing court to ban refugees, and the Qing government had to secretly ban them.

The third stage, from the tenth year of Xianfeng (1860) to 1903, is a period of local land reclamation.

The characteristic of the ban in this period is the real border of immigrants; Reclaim land and increase taxes for economic benefits; Help people and the world. The famous reclamation was carried out gradually from south to north in space, that is, it was first carried out in Fengtian and Jilin, and then in Heilongjiang. Take Fengtian Development as an example, there are three animal husbandry factories, Shengjing paddock and East District.

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The fourth stage (1904-1911) is an all-round forbidden period.

During this period, the population of the three northeastern provinces grew rapidly and the migration and flow accelerated; Northeast China has become an export base of agricultural products, and many reclamation companies have been established.

As the frontier area of Longxing, Northeast China is naturally different. Every development policy of Qing Dynasty is closely related to the economy and development of Northeast China.