Who can provide the changes of national strength before and after Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty?

Liu Che (BC 156 ~ 87) was the sixth emperor of the Han Dynasty. King Jing's son, who was first named King Jiaodong, was later made a prince and became emperor at the age of sixteen. Fifty-four years in office, the temple number Sejong.

When Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ascended the throne, the Han Dynasty had already recuperated in the early 1960s and 1970s, the dilapidated and depressed social economy was gradually restored and developed, and the wealth accumulated by the landlord class and feudal countries increased greatly. At the same time, due to the suppression of the rebellion between the Seven Kingdoms and Chu, the power of the princes with the same surname was greatly weakened. Under such historical conditions, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty carried out various activities to consolidate the unified feudal country and strengthen the centralization of absolutism.

In the second year of yuanshuo (BC 127), Emperor Wu adopted his father's suggestion and issued a favor decree, allowing princes to enfeoffment their children. As a result, many Hou Yaozong countries broke away from the kingdom and changed to counties. Subsequently, due to the rebellion of Liu An, the king of Huainan, and Liu Ci, the king of Hengshan, the left official law and the attached benefit law were formulated, which severely punished the criminal officials who were vassals, prohibited courtiers from attaching themselves to vassals, and restricted vassals from cronyism. Governors only get food, clothing and taxes, and are not allowed to participate in politics. In the fifth year of Ding Yuan (former 1 12), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty asked for a title of 106 on the grounds that the gilded gold presented by the Emperor Hou was insufficient in weight and color. After this series of blows, the power of princes and princes declined day by day. In order to strengthen the imperial power, Liang Wudi appointed eight commanders in the northern army, and set up Menmen and Yulin Army, which greatly strengthened the central standing army (see "Northern and Southern Army"). While reducing the power of the prime minister, he accepted talents in an eclectic way and promoted many scholars with good literary or writing skills to serve and give things and let them participate in the decision-making of state affairs. In addition, the counties other than the seven counties in Beijing are divided into thirteen counties, and each county sends a thorn official to ask questions according to six rules and check the management of officials. In addition, a number of brutal officials were appointed to crack down on lawless strongmen in various places in order to maintain the feudal ruling order.

Soon after Emperor Wu ascended the throne, he began to prepare for a large-scale military attack on the Huns. In the second year of Yuanshuo, Wei Qing was ordered to send an army of chariots out of the cloud to defeat the Loufan King and the Aries King of Xiongnu and take over the land of Henan (now Hetao area in Inner Mongolia) in summer. In the Han Dynasty, Shuofang County and Wuyuan County were established, and immigrants from the mainland100000 people settled here. In the spring of the second year of Yuanshou (before 12 1), Huo Qubing led the troops out of Longxi and crossed Yanqi Mountain, and was named the Xiongnu King of Soil Cultivation. In the summer of the same year, he crossed Yanze and attacked Qilian Mountain. The evil king of Xiongnu led troops to surrender to Han, and the Han government successively set up four counties in Hexi area: Wuwei, Jiuquan, Zhangye and Dunhuang. In the fourth year of the founding of the Yuan Dynasty, Wei Qing and Huo Qubing set out for Dingxiang and Dai Jun, and pursued Xiongnu to Zhenyuan Mountain and Hanhai. After these attacks by the Han army, the Huns were forced to migrate to Mobei, and then they were unable to carry out serious harassment. In order to launch an offensive against the Huns, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty also sent Zhang Qian to the Western Regions to contact the Vietnamese. Although this trip did not achieve the expected purpose, it communicated the frequent exchanges between the Han nationality and all ethnic groups in the western regions.

The minority regimes in Fujian, Vietnam, Dong 'ou, South Vietnam and other places were conquered by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty using internal contradictions and placed under the direct jurisdiction of the Han government. There are nine counties in South Vietnam: Nanhai, Cangwu, Yulin, Tai Po, Yu 'er, Zhu Ya, Jiaotou, Rinan and Jiuzhen. At the same time, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent peace envoys to the southwest to persuade Yelang, Joan and Ruo to join the Han Dynasty. Later, he sent troops to capture Galand and Yunnan, and the southwest area became a county of Han Dynasty. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty also attacked and killed a captain in the east of Liaodong in the Han Dynasty because of the right channel of the kingdom of Wei, and sent troops to attack North Korea from land and water. Wei Youqu was killed by other ministers. The Han government established Fan Zhen, Lintun, Le Lang and Xuantu counties in the area ruled by Wei.

Due to the use of troops against all ethnic groups in the border areas, a lot of financial and material resources were spent, and the Han government's lavish resettlement of refugees and Emperor Wudi's personal spending required huge expenses, which made the long-term accumulated wealth of feudal countries tend to dry up and the financial crisis occurred. Many wealthy businessmen, dajia, hoarded while the country was in trouble, and profiteers were rampant. In addition to selling military titles and raising people to worship officials to increase their income, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty also hired Sang Hongyang, a businessman with a big salt and iron business vision and a merchant family from Dongguo, to implement economic control measures such as salt and iron official camp, loss sharing and legal currency official casting, which greatly enriched the national treasury and significantly improved the financial situation. In order to crack down on merchants who accumulate goods for profit, a calculation prosecution order was also issued. In the process of implementation, many middle-class businessmen and usurers were accused of committing crimes and even going bankrupt.

In the early years of Liang Wudi, the Yellow River burst in Zanzi, and the Huaisi area was devastated year after year. In the second year of Yuanfeng (109), Liang Wudi made an east tour, dispatched tens of thousands of people to rule the river, and personally went to the site to supervise. After its completion, the Yellow River is no longer a scourge for decades. Due to the attention of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, water conservancy in various places has also developed greatly. Famous water conservancy projects in Guanzhong area, such as Caoqu, Longshou, Liu Fu and Baiqu, have played an important role in promoting agricultural production.

In the field of ideology and culture, Emperor Wu only respected Confucianism, got rid of a hundred schools of thought, and was fascinated by the rituals advocated by Confucianism, such as correcting the new moon, changing colors, closing the door to Zen, worshiping in the suburbs, and patrolling hunting. Emperor China had a title, which began with Emperor Wu. He also accepted Dong Zhongshu's and Gong's suggestions, set up imperial academy and set up doctoral students, which promoted counties and counties, trained and promoted a large number of Confucian scholars as officials at all levels, and expanded the social foundation of feudal rule. However, the ministers he really valued and relied on were mostly people who were familiar with Confucianism and criminal law. Because of his fantasy of immortality, he admired alchemists and was superstitious about ghosts and gods. In order to seek immortality, he even married the princess to the alchemist Ji An, who believed in the theory of Huang Lao, once exposed him to his face and said, "Your Majesty wants to be benevolent outside, but he wants to be the attending of Tang Yu inside!" Emperor Wu was very angry, but because Ji An was telling the truth, he was helpless.

In his later years, due to sharp class contradictions, peasant uprisings broke out in many parts of the country, ranging from thousands of people to hundreds of people. Uprising peasants attacked cities everywhere, seized weapons, released prisoners and executed officials. Before Emperor Wu sent cruel officials, he suppressed them, but to no avail. In the second year of Zheng He (9 1), another example was the witchcraft incident that led to the armed rebellion in Wang Wei. Rebels and government troops fought fiercely in Chang 'an for many days, and tens of thousands of people died. Prince Wei committed suicide after the defeat. The following year, the army that expeditioned the Huns was almost wiped out. This series of blows made the old emperor Wu deeply regret wasting his past manpower and money. When Sang Hongyang offered to raise people and settle the fields, he refused, saying that he would not bother the world any more. In the second year of Yuan Dynasty (87 BC), Emperor Wu died of illness. On his deathbed, he made Liu Fuling, an eight-year-old son, a prince, and posthumously awarded Huo Xian and Jin Ri? Shangguan Jie and Sang Hongyang assisted the young master. Liu Fuling acceded to the throne and became the emperor of Zhao Di.

Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was a very talented feudal politician. During his reign, a unified multi-ethnic feudal country with the Han nationality as the main body was consolidated, and China became famous as a highly civilized and prosperous country.