The development history of Hong Kong and Macao

After Qin Shihuang unified China, in 2 14 BC (thirty-three years of Qin Shihuang), the Qin Dynasty in China sent troops to pacify Baiyue, established Nanhai County, and incorporated Hong Kong into the territory, belonging to Panyu County.

From then on, Hong Kong was placed under the jurisdiction of the central government and clearly became the territory of the Central Plains Dynasty at that time.

The central plains in a broad sense refers to the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River). From this time until the Qing Dynasty, with the spread of Central Plains civilization to the south, Hong Kong gradually developed.

In the Han Dynasty, Hong Kong belonged to Boluo County, Nanhai County.

In the sixth year of Xianhe in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (AD 33 1 year), Hong Kong belonged to Baoan County, Dongguan County.

In the sixth year of Emperor Xianhe in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the eastern part of Nanhai County was set aside, and another Dongguan County was set up, which governed six counties including Baoan, Xingning and Haifeng.

The jurisdiction of Baoan County includes today's Hong Kong, Shenzhen and Dongguan, and the county seat is today's Shenzhen Nantou City.

Dongguan County was abolished in Sui Dynasty, and its jurisdiction was merged into Nanhai County and guangzhou fu. Baoan County was changed to Nanhai County, and Hong Kong was still managed by Baoan County.

In the second year of Tang Zhide (AD 757), Baoan County was changed to Dongguan County, and Hong Kong still belonged to Dongguan County.

During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, a large number of mainland people moved to Hong Kong, which promoted the great development of Hong Kong's economy and culture.

In the Yuan Dynasty, China was a province of Jiangxi Province. The Yuan Dynasty set up inspection departments in Tuen Mun in the southwest of Hong Kong and Tuen Mun in the outer port of Guangzhou, and stationed troops to prevent pirates from invading and defend the Guangzhou area.

During the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, some places were set aside from Dongguan County to establish Xin 'an County, which was later Hong Kong.

Since then, Hong Kong Island has been a British colony from the first year of Wanli (A.D. 1573) to Daoguang 2 1 year of Xuanzong in Qing Dynasty (A.D. 184 1 year) and has been under the jurisdiction of Xin 'an County, guangzhou fu.

1662 The Qing Dynasty sent troops to the New Territories and ordered villagers to braid their hair.

During the Qing Dynasty, Hong Kong has always occupied an important position in foreign trade, because Hong Kong and Guangzhou are as close as lips and teeth, and Guangzhou is the only commercial port open to the outside world in the Qing Dynasty.

Before the British occupation of Hong Kong, Hong Kong was basically a desert island. Some fishermen live in Stanley, Datandu and Shipai Bay in the south of the island, as well as Agongyan and Shuijing Bay in the east of the island.

In other places, such as Huangniyong, Dengdizhou and Seven Sisters, there are some small village bays. At that time, there were about 3000 residents on the island.

In the early years, the British took a fancy to the potential of Victoria Harbour in Hong Kong as an excellent port in East Asia. Until the defeat of the Qing Dynasty in the late19th century, the territory was ceded to Britain in batches and became a British colony.

184 1 year 65438+1October 26th, after the First Opium War, Britain occupied Hong Kong Island, and then the Qing Dynasty tried to recover it by force. Daoguang issued many imperial edicts for this purpose, but the Qing Dynasty was never able to defend its territorial integrity.

1842 On August 29th, the Qing Dynasty signed the unequal treaty of nanking (formerly known as the Jiangning Treaty) with Britain, ceding Hong Kong Island to Britain.

1860, 10/0 On October 24th, China and Britain signed the unequal Beijing Treaty, ceding the area south of Boundary Street in Kowloon Peninsula to Britain.

1On June 9th, 898, Britain forced Qing * * to sign the Special Provisions on Expanding Hong Kong's Boundary (commonly known as "New Territories Concession"), and forcibly leased out the area north of Boundary Street in Kowloon Peninsula, south of Shenzhen River and more than 200 islands for 99 years (until June 30th, 1997).

Britain occupied the territory of China through three treaties, with a total area of 1092 square kilometers, including Hong Kong Island, Kowloon and the New Territories, which is now the whole territory of Hong Kong.

194 1 year 65438+February 25th (known as "Black Christmas" by Hong Kong people), during the Second World War, the Japanese invaded Hong Kong, and the British troops stationed in Hong Kong were unable to resist. At that time, Governor Yang had no choice but to declare surrender.

Hong Kong was occupied by Japan and began a "period of Japanese rule" of three years and eight months.

1945 September 15, after Japan's defeat, it signed a surrender in Hong Kong and withdrew from Hong Kong, and Hong Kong was ruled by Britain again.

After World War II, Hong Kong's economy and society developed rapidly, becoming the third largest financial center in the world after new york and London.

It has not only become one of the "Four Little Dragons of Asia", but also the financial, service and shipping center of Asia.

1982 to 1984, China and Britain hold talks on the implementation of Hong Kong's future. 1984, 12, 19, they signed the "Joint Statement of the Chinese People and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland on the Question of Hong Kong" and decided to 6543.

China promised to implement "one country, two systems" in Hongkong.

1 July 19971day, China resumed the exercise of * * * power over Hong Kong, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region was established and the Basic Law was implemented.

Hong Kong has entered a new historical period of "one country, two systems", "Hong Kong people ruling Hong Kong" and a high degree of autonomy.

1In September 1997, the annual meetings of the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund were held in Hong Kong.

This annual meeting is the first large-scale international conference hosted by Hong Kong after its return to the motherland, and it is also the first time that the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund have held annual meetings in China.

During the period of 1998, affected by the Asian financial crisis, the Hong Kong stock market experienced a big movement.

With the firm support of the central government, the Hong Kong SAR decided to fight back against international speculators, and the Hong Kong Monetary Authority invested huge sums of money in the stock and futures markets, successfully repelling speculators.

In early spring of 2003, SARS broke out in Hong Kong.

The SAR * * * led all sectors of society to take part in the anti-epidemic action, and the epidemic that lasted for several months was finally brought under control.

On June 23rd, the World Health Organization announced that Hong Kong had officially left the SARS epidemic area.

In June 2003, the Mainland and Hong Kong Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement (CEPA) was signed.

Subsequently, the central government launched the "individual tour" plan for mainland residents to visit Hong Kong.

On June 5438+065438+ 10, 2003, the People's Bank of China announced that it agreed to provide liquidation arrangements for Hong Kong banks that handle four types of personal RMB business in Hong Kong: deposit, remittance, remittance and RMB bank card.

In February 2004, the Bank of Hong Kong officially launched RMB business.

At the beginning of June, 2004, the first Pan-Pearl River Delta Regional Cooperation and Development Forum was held in Hong Kong, and the "9+2" regional economic cooperation between nine mainland provinces and regions and Hong Kong and Macao Special Administrative Regions officially appeared.

In September 2005, Hong Kong Disneyland opened to welcome guests, which is the fifth Disneyland in the world [20].

In August 2008, the equestrian events of the Beijing Olympic Games were successfully held in Hong Kong.

From June, 5438 to February, 2009, the 5th East Asian Games was held in Hong Kong, which was the first time that Hong Kong held an international comprehensive event after its return to the motherland.

20 1 1 In March, the central government announced the outline of the Twelfth Five-Year Plan, and Hong Kong and Macao became separate chapters for the first time.

The Outline points out that Hong Kong's position as an international financial, trade and shipping center should be consolidated and enhanced, and Hong Kong should be supported to become an international asset management center and an offshore RMB business center.

History of Macao's development:

Macau has been the territory of China since the Qin Dynasty, and it belongs to Nanhai County and Baiyue.

Macao, known as Haojing 'ao in ancient times, has a close historical relationship with Xiangshan County in Guangzhou.

As early as the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Xiangshan was already the land of more than 100 Guangdong islands.

About the 3rd century ago (that is, when Qin Shihuang unified China), Macau was formally incorporated into Chinese territory and belonged to Panyu County, Nanhai County.

In 420 (Jin and Yuan Dynasties), Macao belonged to Fengle County and Xinhui County.

In 590 (the tenth year of Emperor Yangdi), Xinhui County was abolished and changed to Baoan County, and in 757 (the second year of Tang Zhide), Baoan County was abolished and changed to Dongguan County of Guangzhou.

Since the Southern Song Dynasty, Macao has been under the jurisdiction of Xiangshan County, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province.

According to historical records, Zhang Shijie and his army were stationed in this area at the end of the Song Dynasty. People who settled in Macao in the early days formed small villages here and made a living by fishing and farming.

Guangzhou Road, the propaganda department of Guangdong Province, ruled Guangzhou in the Yuan Dynasty, and guangzhou fu in the Ming Dynasty. Before the end of Qing Dynasty, it belonged to guangzhou fu, ruled Zhaoqing by the road and ruled Guangzhou by the government.

19841013 October, * * publicly put forward the principle of "one country, two systems" for the first time to solve the Macao issue left over from history.

From 65438 to 0986, China and Portugal started four rounds of negotiations on the Macao issue.

From 65438 to 0986, China and Portugal started four rounds of negotiations on the Macao issue.

1987, the two prime ministers signed the "Joint Statement of the Chinese People * * * with Portuguese * * * and China * * * on the Macao issue" and two annexes in Beijing.

The joint statement said that Macao is the territory of China, and People's Republic of China (PRC) will resume the exercise of sovereignty over Macao on February 20th.

China promised to implement one country, two systems for Macao, and ensured that Macao people enjoyed the right of "a high degree of autonomy and Macao people ruling Macao".

1On March 3, 9931,the National People's Congress passed the Basic Law of the Macao Special Administrative Region in Beijing.

Before 1999, it was the territory of China under Portuguese jurisdiction, and Macau * * * belonged to China.

1 at 0: 00 on February 20th, 1999, witnessed by the heads of state of China and Portugal, Wei Qili, the 27th Governor of Macao, and He Houhua, the1Chief Executive of the Macao Special Administrative Region, handed over the Macao regime at the handover ceremony venue of the new Macao port.

On the morning of the next day (65438+February 2 1), the people of Macao welcomed the China People's Garrison in Macao. At this point, People's Republic of China (PRC) officially resumed the exercise of Macao.

China resumed the exercise of * * * power over Macao on February 20th. 1999.

China promised to implement one country, two systems for Macao, and guaranteed that Macao people would enjoy the right of "a high degree of autonomy and Macao people ruling Macao".

In the past 400 years, the integration of Chinese and European cultures has made Macao a unique city: there are antique traditional temples, solemn Catholic temples, numerous historical and cultural heritages and beautiful seaside scenery.

In 2009, the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) passed the motion "The Macao Special Administrative Region exercises jurisdiction over the new campus of the University of Macau in Qinheng Island", approved the construction of a new campus of the University of Macau in Qinheng Island, Guangdong Province, and authorized the Macao Special Administrative Region to exercise jurisdiction according to the laws of the Macao Special Administrative Region.

20 15 12 16 the State Council executive meeting adopted the administrative division map of People's Republic of China (PRC) and People's Republic of China (PRC) Macao special administrative regions [5], which came into effect on February 20th, 2015.

199965438+On February 20th, the State Council promulgated the Administrative Region Map of People's Republic of China (PRC) and China Macao Special Administrative Regions, which was abolished at the same time.

20 16 12 16, Macao SAR * * * and Zhuhai * * * announced in Hengqin New District that the new policy of Macao single-brand motor vehicles entering and leaving Hengqin, Zhuhai was officially implemented on February 20 16, and the first batch of Macao motor vehicles that met the application conditions and passed the examination and registration were subsequently.

At the same time, the press conference jointly held by * * * of Macao SAR and * * * of Zhuhai City announced the Interim Measures for the Administration of Motor Vehicles Entering and Leaving Hengqin in Macao and the Detailed Rules for the Administration of Motor Vehicles Entering and Leaving Hengqin in Macao.