How did Sun Chengzong die in the late Ming Dynasty? He was strangled alive at the age of 76.

Sun Chengzong was a minister and anti-Qing general in China in the late Ming Dynasty. He used to be a minister of the Ministry of War and a university student in Dongge. I called on Gillio uninvited. After I arrived at my post, I personally surveyed the mountain pass outside the customs, supported the famous anti-Qing generals such as Yuan Chonghuan and Zu Dashou, trained and settled the field, and consolidated the frontier fortress. In the eleventh year of Chongzhen, the Qing soldiers bypassed the Great Wall, went deep into the south of Kyoto and attacked Gaoyang City. He led his family and villagers all over the city to defend the city against the Qing Dynasty. In the end, the Qing army ran out of ammunition and the city was captured. He swore to be honest and hanged himself.

Sun Chengzong is from Xizhuang Village, Gaoyang County, Hebei Province. The communication of immigrants from Tangyin and Hongwu years in Henan Province. The Sun family settled in Xizhuang and one in Zhaokou. His father's name is Sun Qi, and Sun Qi gave birth to four sons. Sun Chengzong is his youngest son. Born on the 25th day of the first month in the 42nd year of Jiajing. Bamboo slips used to be relatively rich, but when Sun Chengzong was a teenager, his family gradually fell into disrepair because of Sun Qi's profligacy and frequent use of property to help others.

When Sun Chengzong was a teenager, he was very progressive. 17 years old, with the first place to get the scholar. The next year, he won the first place, and his third brother and grandson won the second place. However, he was admitted to Juren late, and it was not until he was 32 years old that he ranked fifth in Shuntian Township Examination. He was 42 when he was admitted to Jinshi. Before entering the Jinshi exam, Sun Chengzong not only farmed at home, but also worked as a tutor for the children of a large family. First, he became Jiang Bi's family in Beijing's imperial history, and then he became a tutor in Yixian police room. Later, the garrison was promoted to governor of Datong, and Sun Chengzong was invited to teach his two sons in Datong.

In the thirty-second year of Wanli, Sun Chengzong was admitted to Jinshi, but his score was not very good, ranking 1 15. But when he was in the palace exam, he got excellent grades and won the second place. Because I got the second place in the exam, I was the champion, so I had to be an editor in the Hanlin Academy, grade seven. Editors are historians, mainly writing. Sun Chengzong worked in this position for 10 years.

10 years, Sun Chengzong mainly did five things. First of all, I finished my work brilliantly. At that time, imperial academy officials spoke highly of him. For example, Liu Yige said that Sun Gong is the representative of the vitality of the imperial court. Second, he wrote a lot of memorials in the court affairs, urging the emperor Wanli to strive for strength, but did not attract enough attention. The third is to write a preface and postscript to local chronicles in many places (it can be seen that he was already very famous at that time). Fourth, he presided over two exams, one after the provincial examination in Tianfu, and celebrities such as Li Yingsheng stood out in this provincial examination. Another time, he presided over the examination in the thirty-eighth year of Wanli, and admitted Qian, Fu, Bao Hongkui and others as Jinshi. Fifth, he asked for leave to go home to help the county magistrate Zhou, Qian Chun and others control floods, leaving many legends.

In the forty-two years of Wanli, Sun Chengzong's life took a major turning point, and he was transferred to Zhanfu. This master Zhan is an institution for training and educating the prince. Once the prince becomes the emperor, the officials under Master Zhan are the censors and are often entrusted with important tasks. In the forty-eighth year of Wanli, the 58-year-old Emperor Zhu Yijun drove the crane westward, and the Prince Zhu Changluo took over. He is Ming Guangzong.

This Ming Guangzong is doomed to be an emperor. He died of illness after only 29 days in office. In history, he was called the son of heaven in January. Zhu Youxiao, the eldest son of Guangzong 16 years old, became emperor directly before he was made a prince. This is Emperor Ming Xizong. After Xizong proclaimed himself emperor, Sun Chengzong was appointed banquet official and became the emperor's teacher. As the emperor's teacher, Sun Chengzong is very competent.

Sun Chengzong was not only well educated. Moreover, he has been a tutor for many years and knows a lot about education. Besides, Sun Chengzong is very familiar with politics, military affairs and civil life, so his lectures can be closely linked with practice. Sun Chengzong spoke loudly, and the history books said that he "sounded like a drum bell and moved the wall". Although Sun Chengzong's Beijing accent is not so authentic, his Levin accent is very clear, and his money is much better than that of Zhejiang people who are also officials. Therefore, Emperor Amin Zhu Youxiao liked Sun Chengzong's lectures very much. He said, "That bearded lecturer speaks well! I can't live without him now. " Gradually, a deep affection developed between Zhu Youxiao and Sun Chengzong.

During the eight years from the forty-second year of Wanli to the second year of Apocalypse, Sun Chengzong did several very important things besides giving lectures to the emperor.

One day in the forty-five years of Wanli, a shocking "surprise case" happened in the Ming court. Zhangwenda, a university student, found it difficult, so he asked Sun Chengzong for advice. Sun Chengzong suggested "Don't ask questions, but don't ask deep questions", and handled this case very appropriately, showing Sun Chengzong's outstanding ability to deal with difficult problems. Second, after the death of Zongshen Zhu Yi, Sun Chengzong was responsible for drafting Zongshen's Will, totally denying all the disadvantages of Wanli's life, which was actually a reinvention. Since then, the political situation of the Ming Dynasty has changed. It fully embodies Sun Chengzong's spirit of reform.

At the end of Wanli, the powerful army of the late Jin Dynasty began to attack the Ming Dynasty, first capturing Fushun and Qinghe, then defeating the Fourth Route Army of the Ming Dynasty in Salhu, then occupying Kaiyuan and Tieling, and then conquering Shenyang, an important town in Liaodong, and Liaoyang, the capital. The corrupt Ming army suffered repeated battles and defeats. At this time, Sun Chengzong was recommended to the emperor as the minister of war, but the emperor did not agree.

Soon, the mighty Nurhachi commanded the army to cross the Liaohe River (Sanchahe River), enter western Liaoning from Liaodong, and attack Guangning. Wang Huazhen, the governor of Liaodong, was frightened, abandoned the city and fled, and returned to Shanhaiguan with Xiong Tingbi, the governor. From then on, it was the last year of Jin Dynasty, Shanhaiguan was in danger, and the capital was in danger. In this grim situation, the Apocalypse Emperor appointed Sun Chengzong as a college student in Dongge, and concurrently served as the Minister of War. As soon as Sun Chengzong took office, he immediately drastically rectified Chaogang, and the face of the Ministry of War also took on a new look.

At this time, Wang Zaijin, the general manager of Shanhaiguan, proposed to build another heavy customs 80 miles outside Shanhaiguan, but it would cost 654.38+02,000 silver. In Shanhaiguan, Mrs. Yan Q, Shen, etc. were all eager to try, but they all said that they refused to accept the stubborn Wang Zaijin and had to write to the cabinet master book to discuss the matter.

Sun Chengzong felt ridiculous: "What? I must repair the Great Wall. I have to deal with this. Let me go! " After Sun Chengzong arrived at Shanhaiguan, he felt that the opinions of Yuan Chonghuan and others were correct, and it was unnecessary to build another customs. Sun Chengzong persuaded Wang Zaijin to change his mind.

Sun Chengzong said: "Lao Wang, when the country is in crisis, do you still want to do the project?"

Wang Zaijin is angry. He said, "I'm not repairing the wall of our house. I am doing this, which is good for the present and the future! "

Sun Chengzong said, "I hope you won't be stubborn. Now that the national disaster is coming, it is not good for the country to engage in such a big project. "

Wang Zaijin waved his hand: "Stop it, I just want to build this wall, and the budget is ready."

Sun Chengzong saw that Wang Zaijin didn't listen to the advice and returned to Beijing to report to the emperor. After listening to the report, the emperor thought for a moment and said, "Our king is disgraced in Jin, and he will spend 654.38+00,000 taels of silver on this face-saving project. You can't do this! " The emperor ordered Wang Zaijin to be transferred. But in this way, Shanhaiguan has no experience, and civil servants in Manchu dynasty can't recommend people. The emperor asked Sun Chengzong to recommend the manager.

The emperor said, "Lao Sun, who do you think is suitable for entry?" Sun Chengzong counted the courtiers one by one, and felt that there was no suitable candidate, so he said, "Your Majesty, I'd better go."

In this way, Sun Chengzong came to Shanhaiguan to supervise the army. After Sun Chengzong arrived at Shanhaiguan, with Ma Shilong as the escort and Lu Shanji and Mao as the commendations, he selected and reused a group of loyal and talented civil and military generals such as Yuan Chonghuan, Man Gui and others. After four years of hard work, hundreds of Liao soldiers were recruited and trained, and more than 400 miles of lost land occupied by the late Jin army were recovered. Nine big cities and more than 40 small castles were built, more than 5,000 hectares of land were reclaimed, and 654.38+million war refugees were resettled, forcing Nurhachi to retreat for 700 miles, creating a defense line that was daunting to the late Jin army. This was a major part of Ningyuan and Ningning later. During his stay, he formulated the basic policy of raising Liao with Liao soil and Liao with Liao, and the basic strategy of steady defense, gradual progress and gradual recovery, which made the situation change greatly, and the Ming army gradually changed from defense to attack, from passive to active.

At the same time, he also skillfully straightened out the relationship with the tribes in western Mongolia, thus ensuring that the northern frontier of the capital was not threatened. He also creatively combined chariots, ships and firearms, founded the Twelve Car Battalion with hot weapons as the main means of killing, and the first navy with firearms as the main equipment in the history of China. He also set up an amphibious force landing from the sea, and wrote a military work "Car Battalion 108 Buckle" specializing in the tactical technology of firearms vehicles. He also successfully conspired against the submission of Nurhachi's adopted son Liu Xingzuo to the Ming Dynasty, creating conditions for recovering lost territory in the future.