What are the differences between traditional Thai clothes in the north and central Thailand?

1. Thailand has a history and culture of more than 700 years, and was originally called Siam. In 1238 AD, the Sukhothai Dynasty was established and a relatively unified country began to form. It has experienced the Sukhothai Dynasty, Ayutthaya Dynasty, Thonburi Dynasty and Bangkok Dynasty. Since the 16th century, it has been invaded by colonialists such as Portugal, the Netherlands, Britain and France. At the end of the 19th century, the Fifth Dynasty of Bangkok absorbed a large amount of Western experience to carry out social reforms. In 1896, Britain and France signed a treaty stipulating that Siam would be a buffer state between British Burma and French Indochina, making Siam the only country in Southeast Asia that had not become a colony. In June 1932, the People's Party launched a coup and established a constitutional monarchy. In 1938, Luang Phibun came to power, and in June 1939, it was renamed Thailand, meaning "the land of freedom". Occupied by Japan in 1941, Thailand announced it would join the Axis powers. In 1945, the country's name of Siam was restored. In May 1949, it was renamed Thailand.

2. Thailand’s traditional clothing “Panong” and women’s skirts. Generally speaking, Thai people’s clothing is relatively simple, and most of them are ethnic costumes in rural areas. The traditional national costumes of Thai men are called "trip tail mantle" sarong and "Panong" sarong. Phanom is a garment made of cloth wrapped around the waist and legs. A piece of cloth about 3 meters long is used to wrap the legs, then roll the two ends of the cloth together, pass between the legs, and tuck it into the waist and back. After putting it on, it looks like Chinese bloomers. Because the sarong has a wide hem and is comfortable and cool to wear, it is one of the longest-lasting traditional clothing among Thai civilians.

3. Because northern Thailand is a multi-ethnic mixed area, and the difference between it and the central area is also different among all ethnic groups, the costumes of mountain ethnic minorities in Thailand are also different.

The mountainous areas of northern Tai are rich in deep mountains and dense forests, with beautiful scenery and beautiful rivers and mountains. There are many ethnic minorities living there who maintain ancient traditions and unique cultures. There are six main ethnic groups living in the mountains of northern Thailand (mainly the Lahu, Akha, Lisu, Karen, Homong and Bamar). Each ethnic group is divided into several branches, and each branch has They have their own unique customs, etiquette and costumes.

4. Clothing characteristics of various ethnic minorities in the northern region:

1. The Karen people began to immigrate to Thailand in the 17th century and are concentrated in the northwest of Thailand, mainly white Karen. , divided into two branches: "Ska" and "Po". They live in groups, in houses built on pillars, about 25 households in a village, and the wizard and the village elder are in charge of village affairs. In the Karen belief, the gods of earth, water, various nature gods, guardian spirits and spirits are worshiped. Because of their worship of nature, they still use the most ecological farming methods. They plow and cultivate large areas of land, but never cut down trees. They are also the only ethnic group in Thailand that uses terraced fields to grow rice.

The clothes of the Karen people are all hand-woven, with red and white as the main colors, with blue or brown vertical stripes, and the stitching is clear and decorative. The patterns on men's clothing are simpler, while those on women's clothing are more complex. Unmarried women of the Skakelen people wear pure white shirts, while the clothes of the Poklen people have more patterns.

2. The Lahu ethnic group in Thailand can be divided into two branches: Black Lahu and Yellow Lahu. The Black Lahu, which accounts for 75% of the total, is divided into three sub-lines: Lahuna, Red Lahu and Shele Lahu. The Thais call the Lahu people "hunters" because they are highly skilled jungle hunters. The Lahu people are concentrated in the northwest of the Thai-Myanmar border. They built their houses on pillars, and there were 15 to 30 families in each village. The average family had several unmarried children (some also had a married daughter).

The Lahu people believe in souls, horse gods, gods and supremely powerful wizards. Their traditional clothing is black with embroidered lace, and the sleeves and pockets usually have floral decorations of different colors, with different colors marking different branches. Nowadays, the Lahu people only wear some ordinary clothes on weekdays, and save their traditional clothes for participating in various ceremonies.

3. The Ho Mon ethnic group in Thailand is mainly divided into two groups: Blue Ho Mon and White Ho Mon. The villages of Lam Ho Meng are located in the high mountainous area north of the border between Thailand and Myanmar. They are the ethnic group whose residential area is closest to Chiang Mai. They also have villages near Doi Pui National Park. The He Meng people build their houses in clusters of pillars on the flat ground. Several clusters of pillars form a village, and the older male controls the entire family. The He Meng are divided into tribes based on surnames, so the family plays a very important role in various religious ceremonies and social relations.

The He Meng people believe in some family gods and spirits, and religious ceremonies are hosted by family leaders. However, each village has a shaman (shaman) who is responsible for exorcising evil and curing diseases. Women of the Lanhemeng ethnic group all wear blue and white batik pleated skirts made of linen, so they are easy to distinguish. The women's tops are black with embroidered lace. Most women of this tribe are good at embroidery. Men's clothes are looser and also black with embroidered patterns. Silverware is both a decoration and a symbol of wealth among the He Meng people.

4. The Lisu people originated from Yunnan and have six branches, only a few of which live in villages near Chiang Dao, Thailand. Villages vary in size, with houses built either on stilts or directly on the ground. The son still lives with his parents after marriage. Lisu people are competitive, cheerful, sociable and hard-working.

Lisu villages have temples dedicated to gods. They worship ancestors, water, trees, sun and moon. The mage is responsible for presiding over religious rituals to bless the village, while the shaman is responsible for treating illnesses.

The women's clothing of the "Huazhi" of the Lisu ethnic group is very distinctive, with knee-length blue-green robes, red sleeves with many brightly colored stripes, and cloth wrapped around their heads with tassels. Men's pants are also blue-green and their tops are black.

5. The Akha people originated in Yunnan, China. They migrated to Myanmar in the mid-19th century and did not move to Thailand until the early 20th century. Large-scale immigration occurred after the turmoil in Myanmar in modern times. The Akha people are mainly distributed in the northern part of the Thai-Myanmar border, part of Chiang Mai Province and most of Chiang Rai Province. The villages vary in size. There is a wooden door at the entrance. The totems carved on the door include people, good gods and jungle gods. Each house has an ancestor worship altar. The Akha people have their own rules of social life. The mage has the highest power in the village and has a higher status than the elders and the village chief

The clothes of the Akha people are all made of black and blue home textiles. Made of cotton, women's clothes are decorated with embroidery and colorful strips, and are decorated with pendants. Women's clothing includes knee-length gowns, short skirts, belts and leggings. The most distinctive feature is the headdress, which becomes more complex for older women. Men wear loose black cloth gowns with stripes.

6. The Yao people originated from China, but most of the Yao people in northern Thailand immigrated from Laos during the Vietnam-Laos conflict. They are mainly distributed in Chiang Rai Province and some in Chiang Mai Province. Villages are small and houses are built on the ground. There are 12 ethnic groups of the Yao people in Thailand. There may be more than one ethnic group in a village. Generally, the same ethnic group lives together and the family size is relatively large. The Yao people worship their ancestors at all levels, and their religious beliefs are greatly influenced by Chinese Taoism. The mage of the clan presides over religious ceremonies, and the shaman cures diseases and eliminates disasters.

Yao women are easy to recognize because they have long black and red hairy tassels on their necks and wear black trousers with complex patterns. Men wear loose black trousers with simple patterns.

5. The dressing characteristics and habits of Thai people in modern society:

Generally speaking, each ethnic group has its own unique clothing. However, in modern society, cultural exchanges and International exchanges are so frequent that the traditional costumes of various ethnic groups are rarely worn anymore. However, on certain occasions and festivals, we can also see these costumes with ethnic characteristics. In addition to the suits, T-shirts, jeans, etc. that are common to all ethnic groups in the modern world, Thai people's clothing also reflects their national traditions.

As far as the clothing I have seen in Thailand for a year can be roughly divided into the following categories: first, those worn during major festivals; second, those that reflect loyalty and love for the king and the royal family; third, those that are affected by the geographical climate