According to the social nature, the political parties in the world are divided into

At present, there are 127 * * * production parties in about 1 countries in the world that still maintain their original names or adhere to the Marxist nature (what was the total number of * * * production parties in the world before the drastic changes in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe? More than 8, down to more than 12 at the beginning of the upheaval. In addition, there are more than 2 parties renamed or split from the former * * * production party), with a total population of more than 7 million in party member (excluding * * *), 3 * * production parties with a population of over 1, in party member, and about 25 * * production parties in power and politics. * * * In terms of regional distribution, there are 29 production parties in Asia, 8 in Africa, 55 in Europe, 3 in Oceania and 32 in America. Judging from the present situation of foreign * * * production party forces, the performances of developed countries, developing countries, former Su Le countries and existing socialist countries in Vietnam, Korea and ancient times are different.

(1) Most of the * * * production parties in developed countries still maintain their original names, but their strength has declined, and some small party organizations are still working hard for their own survival.

The * * * production party in developed countries was hit hardest by the drastic changes in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, with great strength losses. There are still 21 * * * production parties in Western Europe, with nearly one million party member. The French * * * production party (about 14, in party member), Portuguese * * * production party (9, in party member), Italian reconstruction * * production party (96, in party member) and Italian * * * production party (35, in party member) have great power and influence. There is also the German Democratic Socialist Party (about 7, in party member), which is the successor of the former United Socialist Party of the Democratic Republic of Germany. Although it is not the title of * * * production party, it adheres to Marxism and socialist beliefs and has certain influence in eastern Germany. There are still many * * * production party organizations in Finland, Denmark, Sweden, Norway and other countries in the Nordic region. The number of party member in these parties ranges from several thousand to several hundred. The United States * * * production party (about 8, people in party member) is mainly composed of leftists and anti-government figures, but it is a legal political party in the United States. Japan's * * * Production Party (about 4, in party member) is the most closely organized political party among all political parties in Japan at present, basically forming an organizational network covering the whole country of Japan, with more than 25, party branches. The party has a certain influence in Japanese political life, and its role is obvious in some counties and towns.

*** productism is still the goal that the productive parties in most developed countries continue to adhere to, but the way to achieve this goal is to transform capitalism through the road of democracy,' surpass capitalism' and advocate the values of democracy, freedom and human rights. Around the party's principles and policies, there is a struggle between the traditional and the realistic forces in many production parties in western Europe, which has led to some divisions, and some are facing the danger of division. Under the new situation of the rapid development of modern science and technology and the changing social class structure, especially in the case of neo-liberalism and the prevalence of the "third way", the * * * production party in western European countries can rarely put forward attractive policy proposals, and its influence is greatly weakened. Robert Hue, the former president of France, and others believe that in Europe,' no matter what kind of * * * production party, no matter what its name is, no matter whether it participates in politics or not, it is in a serious crisis of survival'. How to survive is always a severe challenge for small parties like Northern Europe and Britain.

(2) The former * * * production party forces in the eastern Soviet Union continue to exist, and there are many factions within some parties, and the situation is more complicated.

There are about 3 * * * production parties in the former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe. Only Russian * * * production parties (about 5, in party member), Czech and Moravian * * * production parties (about 14, in party member), Ukrainian * * * production parties (about 11, in party member) and Azerbaijani * * * production parties (about 6, in party member) have certain influence. The influential * * * productive political parties and organizations in this region are mainly composed of factions in the original ruling * * * productive party who do not agree to change the name and nature of the party and still adhere to Marxism and * * * productism, but most of them are not the original * * * productive parties. Except for a few non-party parties, the vast majority of political parties are legal parties, and some parties have entered the parliament. Among the * * * production parties that have not changed their names, most of them are small in number and have little influence. The * * * production parties in the former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe have generally passed the stage of struggle for survival. Some party member people have increased slightly, but the major parties are facing a profound crisis. For example, in recent years, under the attack of the center-right forces in Russia, the social support rate has dropped again and again, the internal division, the organization team has further shrunk, party member is aging, and its influence is obviously not as good as before. In the State Duma election, only 12.9% of the votes were obtained, so it was no longer the largest party in the Duma and was obviously marginalized.

(3) developing countries * * * production parties continue to explore in difficulties. Some political parties have achieved new development through adjustment, and some political parties are still not out of trouble.

There are a large number of * * * production parties in developing countries in Asia, and the strength of the party is strong and weak. The powerful Indian * * * Producer Party (Marxism) is the largest left-wing party in India, with 796, people in party member and 4.59 million members of subordinate mass organizations. The Indian * * * production party has more than 5, people in party member, and its mass organizations have more than 6.8 million people. The Nepali Communist Party (United Marxist-Leninist) has about 11, people in party member. There are also Syrian * * * production party (Faisal faction) and Lebanese * * * production party with certain influence in our country, but there are only a few thousand people in party member. Due to subjective and objective reasons, the strength of the * * * production party in some countries in Southeast Asia has been declining, and it has gradually disappeared in recent years. In some Latin American countries, the * * * production party has always been an important force of the left wing. The main influential parties in their own political circles are Brazil's * * * production party (about 2, party member) and Chile's * * * production party (about 47, party member). Brazil * * * supports the current Lula government, mobilizes the whole party to actively participate in the national reform and gain the status of participating in politics, and the party's influence is constantly expanding. The number of * * * production parties in Venezuela, Uruguay and other countries is only a few thousand, which basically has no influence at home.

It is worth mentioning that South Africa's * * production party (about 23, people in party member) has made two leaps from an illegal party to a legal party and from an opposition party to an important participating party. In recent years, it has actively maintained the tripartite alliance, adjusted its struggle strategy, made its policies more pragmatic, and its ranks and influence have been continuously expanded, which has played an important role in South Africa's non-racialization, peaceful and democratic transformation, and solving the poverty of the working class.

most of the * * * production parties in developing countries are re-recognizing some basic issues of socialism, and advocate proceeding from their own reality, taking the development road with their own characteristics, adopting legal ways of struggle, gradually accumulating strength, and realizing their own struggle goals by stages. Practice has proved that starting from reality, it is a wise choice for the * * * production party in developing countries to adjust the party's line, principles and policies in time and follow its own path. If conservative, rigid and unchangeable, it may cause division within the party, leading to internal and external difficulties and shrinking strength.

(4) The ruling parties of Vietnam, North Korea, Laos and Cuba continue to adjust their policies, and their ruling position and role have been strengthened, and their politics and society have remained stable, but they are still facing severe challenges from external hostile forces.

Vietnamese * * production party (2.472 million people in party member), Workers' Party of Korea (about 4 million people in party member), Lao People's Revolutionary Party (124, people in party member) and Cuban * * * production party (86, people in party member) are the ruling parties of several existing socialist countries abroad. After enduring the great impact of the drastic changes in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, the four parties of Vietnam, North Korea, Laos and Cuba kept the party's leading position and socialist system unchanged, maintained the domestic political situation and social stability, and made policy adjustments to varying degrees in the economy. Relatively speaking, Vietnam and Laos have made great efforts in economic adjustment, and some measures have been taken in political reform. However, the four countries are still facing the severe challenge of division and suppression by western countries, and the contradiction between economic development and national security is prominent. Therefore, maintaining domestic political stability has to be the focus of the party's work, especially in the DPRK and Cuba, maintaining the status of the ruling party and political stability has become the top priority, which has greatly delayed the process of national policy adjustment and economic development. With the increasing pressure from home and abroad for political reform, the four countries will face more difficulties in maintaining economic development and social stability.

(5) With the rapid development of economic globalization and capital internationalization, many foreign producers' parties emphasize different forms of left-wing alliance and frequently participate in regional and international activities.

with the acceleration of economic globalization and regional integration, the capital internationalization directed by neoliberalism has developed rapidly. In order to oppose the globalization of capitalism and adapt to the trend of political parties, especially the mainstream political parties in Europe, establishing regional or international alliances, the production parties in some countries attach importance to foreign contacts and exchanges, borrow from each other, support each other and exchange information by attending party congresses, party newspaper festivals, holding multilateral meetings and holding international conferences, and discuss how to unite and strengthen themselves under the new situation.

in recent years, the European * * * production party has held many regional meetings and established a unified European left-wing party organization on the basis of the left-wing forum. On May 8-9, 24, 3 representatives of the * * * production party and other left-wing parties from 14 European countries attended the inaugural meeting of the "European Left Party" held in Rome, aiming to rebuild 16 political parties including * * *, France * * *, German People's Social Party, West * * * and Greek Left Party to become members of the European Left Party, while Luxembourg Left Party and Italy * *. The meeting adopted the Declaration of the European Left Party and the party constitution, elected the party's leading body, and elected General Secretary Bertinotti as the chairman of the new party. The party's headquarters is located in Brussels. The meeting emphasized that the European Left Party is open and a political organization established on the basis of respecting the characteristics of member parties and the reality of various countries. Its purpose is to promote the unity and rejuvenation of the left, defend democratic rights and safeguard world peace.

Latin American production parties hold regional international conferences regularly, and have been holding the annual "Sao Paulo Forum" for more than 1 years, among which the tenth conference held in Havana, Cuba in December 27 was the largest, with 3, delegates and observers from 86 countries and 138 political parties and organizations attending. The Sao Paulo Forum has become an important gathering of leftist parties and progressive organizations in Latin America and leftist parties in some other countries in the world. These multilateral exchanges have promoted the information exchange and coordination between left-wing forces in Latin America and related regions.

Production parties and other left-wing political parties in South Asia, the Middle East and the Mediterranean also hold regional international seminars from time to time to discuss the prospects of socialism.

the exchange of experience and unity and cooperation between the production parties of various countries on the basis of maintaining their autonomy reflect their objective needs and subjective desire to oppose capitalism through mutual coordination and cooperation and the internationalization of capital through international struggle, and this trend of unity and cooperation will further develop.

(6) It will take a long time for foreign * * * production parties to get out of the predicament on the whole, but this force that criticizes and replaces capitalism will not quit the historical stage.

under the current situation that neoliberalism and social democracy are popular, the power of foreign * * * party is still relatively weak. Although it has stabilized its position from the turmoil, chaos and recession at the beginning of the drastic changes in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe as a whole, its development space is still limited. The survival and development of the * * * party in most countries are still very difficult. In a few countries, the power of the * * * party can maintain its past level and gradually develop through exploration. Generally speaking, as a traditional political party with obvious ideological characteristics and a long history, the foreign producers' party is increasingly marginalized, the internal and external environment in reality is not optimistic, and world socialism is still at a low ebb in general. It will still take a long historical period for foreign producers' parties to get out of the predicament as a whole and achieve greater development, but this force that criticizes and replaces capitalism will not quit the historical stage.

foreign producers' parties generally believe that the contemporary world is diverse and complex, full of vitality, confrontation and contradictions, and at the same time interdependent and linked. The contradiction between socialism and capitalism, and between capital and labor is still the basic contradiction in contemporary times. Some * * * production parties in developed countries discuss the historical position of capitalism and socialism in a critical spirit, and believe that socialism, as an important social movement in developed countries, will always exist with the criticism of capitalism, and the socialist ideal will still become the goal of many aspirants in western countries. All kinds of socialist forces will continue to take the mission of reforming and criticizing the capitalist system, expose the various drawbacks of the capitalist system in depth, and oppose all exploitation and oppression systems in capitalist society. At present and for a long time to come, the serious disadvantages brought by neo-liberal globalization have aggravated the basic social contradictions, especially damaged the once relatively stable labor-capital relations and intensified class contradictions. Many new contradictions and problems have emerged in developed countries that were unprecedented during the Cold War. These new contradictions and problems not only bring new challenges to the ruling class, but also bring some new opportunities to the socialist movement, resulting in a new impetus to oppose and criticize capitalism. At present, the socialist forces in various countries, including the * * * production party, not only mostly see this new situation, but also try to make full use of this new opportunity to realize the historic task of rejuvenating their own socialism. From a series of anti-globalization movements initiated by western left-wing forces in recent years, it is not difficult for people to see this development trend.

judging from the development of the * * * production party's own strength, there are also some favorable factors. First of all, the * * * production parties in both developed and developing countries are aware of the importance of strengthening unity and borrowing from each other in the face of the tide of economic globalization, multi-polarization of the world and democratization of international relations, the aggressive situation of capitalism in the era of globalization and their current difficult situation. Some * * * production parties advocate strengthening regional and international alliance among them, formulating' feasible' and' effective' alliance policies, and exploring ways and means to implement alliance. There are also some * * * production parties calling for strengthening bilateral, especially multilateral cooperation between the * * * production party and the socialist party, and forming a left-wing United front including the socialist party and the green party. Some * * * production party organizations have begun to merge after years of division, and they have joined forces to strengthen their own strength. Secondly, with the continuous development of modern communication technology and media, the propaganda mode and activity mode of foreign production parties are also improving, which is conducive to speeding up the modernization of the party and expanding its influence. Thirdly, the vigorous anti-globalization movement and anti-war movement have also become another kind of political force that criticizes capitalism besides the * * * production party. These social movements and political forces have broadened the political practice field of the * * * production party in all countries of the world, providing opportunities for self-breakthrough and expanding the space for survival and development.