Why did China conquer Myanmar and open the Indian Ocean in ancient times?

China is bordered by only one ocean, and that is the Pacific Ocean. As long as China ships want to import oil in the Persian Gulf, they must bypass the Straits of Malacca, but the Straits of Malacca are controlled by other countries, which threatens China's oil security. This reminds us that Yunnan in China is only 470 kilometers away from the Indian Ocean, with a Myanmar in the middle. Why didn't ancient China include Myanmar and explore the Indian Ocean?

First, the development of the Han Dynasty.

We must first understand the pioneering course of ancient China in the southwest before we can know how China approached the Indian Ocean step by step. In ancient times, the southwest was a land of high mountains and dense valleys, which could not be crossed. In the pre-Qin period, people didn't know? Southwest yi? The existence of the Indian Ocean. Even the Qin dynasty, famous for its martial arts, failed to climb the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau.

During the Western Han Dynasty, the temptation from India finally made Emperor Wu have the ambition to explore the southwest. During the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Zhang Qian went to the Western Regions and saw the products of Shu in Daxia. I didn't know these products were shipped from Toxoplasma gondii (India) until I asked. Zhang Qian told the story to Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, who tried to get through the traffic to India and sent Yu, Bai Shichang and others to the southwest to find the way to India.

However, the footsteps of the envoys of the Han Dynasty stayed in Yunnan. Due to the complex terrain, dense virgin forest and numerous poisonous snakes and beasts in Hengduan Mountain area, the emissary can no longer cross. During the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the southwest frontier was pushed to the central part of Yunnan and failed to move forward. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Ailao Country (now Baoshan) surrendered and set up Yongchang County. The territory of the Han Dynasty was pushed to the west of Yunnan.

Yongchang County in Han Dynasty was the farthest area in the southwest of Han Dynasty. Since then, the Shu-Han Dynasty, the Jin Dynasty and the Southern and Northern Dynasties have not developed, and it is quite difficult to maintain this situation. In the Tang Dynasty, the indigenous people in the southwest rose on a large scale, and regimes such as Nanzhao State and Roche Ghost State appeared, and the power of the Tang Dynasty was pushed to the Jinsha River area. In the 800-year-old world, the pace of China has not advanced, but retreated.

Second, the Yuan Dynasty conquered Myanmar.

After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), Nanzhao expanded in the southwest on a large scale, and its territory was pushed to Mandalay, Myanmar. After the demise of Nanzhao, Dali basically inherited its territory, but it shrank to a certain extent as a whole. The southwest of Dali reaches Jiangtou City (Jiesha) in Myanmar, which can be said to be relatively close to the Indian Ocean. In 1253, Dali was conquered by Mongolia, and Yunnan province was established in 1270. Since then, the Yuan Dynasty has continued to explore the southwest on the basis of Nanzhao and Dali.

Myanmar at that time was the Bagan Dynasty. Kublai Khan of Yuan Shizu sent a special envoy to Bagan to ask him to surrender. But the messenger never came back. 1277, Myanmar sent troops to attack Yingjiang and Jinyi in Yunnan. So the Yuan Dynasty decided to destroy the Bagan Dynasty. At that time, the Yuan army stationed in Yunnan advanced to Jiangtou City, but it was unable to move on because of the hot weather. 1280, Kublai Khan started the war again. By 1283, Jiangtou City and Taigong City were all breached, and the North Myanmar 12 tribe surrendered. 1285, King Bagan formally surrendered to the Yuan Dynasty.

After this expedition, Myanmar was actually divided and the dynasty existed in name only. The Yuan Dynasty set up a large number of institutions in Myanmar, such as Tulutai Highway, Yunyuan Road, Menglian Road, Lemmon Road and Mubang Road, and established the Central Province of Myanmar (1286? 1290) to the jurisdiction. This means that Myanmar has been incorporated into Chinese territory for the first time in history, and it is also the last time. During the period of Yuan Shundi, Myanmar ministries were abolished and replaced by chieftaincy institutions. The chieftains established by the Yuan Dynasty in Myanmar include Bangya, Yunyuan, Meng Guang, Mubang, Liu Meng, Lemon, Tongxi, Meng He and Meng Guang.

Third, the full retreat of the Ming Dynasty in Myanmar.

China in the Yuan Dynasty was so close to the Indian Ocean. What if future generations can inherit the cause of the Yuan Dynasty and carry it forward in Myanmar? Change the soil and return to the flow? Then the southwest of China will be close to the Indian Ocean. Unfortunately, the Ming Dynasty did not inherit the cause of the Yuan Dynasty, and its territory shrank by 6,543,800 square kilometers on the basis of the Yuan Dynasty.

1382, the 30th Army of the Ming Dynasty wiped out the remnants of Liang Wang and Dali in Yunnan, and established Yunnan Political Department and Yunnan Dusi, with 200,000 troops. Yunnan in the Ming dynasty can be divided into two parts, one is the actual control area, called? Neiyi? ; The other part is Myanmar, which nominally inherited the Yuan Dynasty. It has no actual control, no single soldier stationed, and no official position. A crooked one? .

Was it conferred by Zhu Yuanzhang? A crooked one? Tusi has 804 propaganda departments in Myanmar, China, Cheche and Laos, and 5 local governments in Mubang, Mengyang, Mengding, Dahou and Nandian. During Yongle period, five local governments were abolished, and Mongolian comfort station, Mubang comfort station, Nandian comfort station and Ganya comfort station were established. In southern Myanmar, the Ministry of Grand Master, the Ministry of Demasa and the Ministry of Wu Di were newly awarded.

In fact, these chiefs are all independent small countries, which is a manifestation of Myanmar's split state. The chiefs of these chiefs actually call themselves kings. For example, Xuanwei in Myanmar is actually the Kingdom of Awa, Xuanwei in Dagula is actually the Kingdom of Bagu, and Demasa and Dioula are the Kingdom of Xu Dong. During the Yongle period, all three dynasties rejected the knighthood of Yongle, which nominally did not belong to the Ming Dynasty. The kingdoms of Mubang, Mengyang, Mengmi and Arakan in northern Myanmar were mixed between the Ming Dynasty and the Three Kingdoms, at both ends of the first mouse. Called the middle of Ming dynasty? Three announcements and six comforts? Not including the three countries in the south.

Dongwu dynasty

Dongyu Wang was officially called the King of Myanmar in 153 1 and established Dongyu Dynasty. Since then, it has successively annexed Bo Gu, Awa, Xibe, Mamo, Mengyang, Mengmi, Mengnai, Yang Yang and other small kingdoms, and basically unified Myanmar by 1554. Later, Xu Dong captured Lanna (Xuanwei Department of Eight Hundred Dadian), Lancang (Xuanwei Department of Laos) and Mongolian Tusi.

The war between the Ming Dynasty and Myanmar lasted for decades, and the final result was that Xu Dong unified the whole of Myanmar and occupied half of Indochina Peninsula. Ming dynasty? Three announcements and six comforts? Are you online? Six comforts? Basically, they all fell, leaving only three small Fu Xuanshi. Since then, after this war, Yunnan? A crooked one? In other words, it no longer exists, and the area of Yunnan has been greatly reduced.

Yunnan in the early Ming Dynasty

Yunnan in the late Ming Dynasty

Fourth, the Qing dynasty cleaned up the mess left by the Ming dynasty.

After the Qing Dynasty entered the customs, Nanming was destroyed and the mainland was unified. In Yunnan, the early Qing Dynasty inherited the mess left by the Ming Dynasty, and its chieftains in Meng Yang, Mubang and Mamo in Yunnan were annexed by Myanmar for a long time. In the early Qing dynasty, I wanted to stabilize the overall situation and didn't want to fight. Under the control of Myanmar, both Whole Wheat and Mubang wanted to join the Qing Dynasty. Shouldn't it have been in Burma at the end of the Ming Dynasty and not allowed? Refuse to resign. Later, Myanmar and Indochina countries all expressed their submission to the Qing Dynasty, and the influence of the Qing Dynasty reached its peak in Southeast Asia.

During the Qianlong period, the Qing Dynasty destroyed the Junggar khanate and became powerful, so it began to take a tough attitude towards Myanmar. From 1765 to 10 in 1767, Gan Long sent troops to Myanmar three times, but the first three times ended in failure. By the time of the fourth war, both the Qing and Myanmar could not hold on, and finally they chose peace talks. Although the Qing Dynasty's war against Myanmar basically ended in failure and suffered heavy losses, it recovered the Tusi areas such as Mubang, Mengyang and Manmo, and realized the territorial expansion.

Was it practiced in Yunnan in the Qing Dynasty? Change the toast first, and then suppress the barbarians? Will the soil outside be suitable for flowing, and the DC in the river should not be suitable for soil? what's up Change the soil and return to the flow? The measure, simply put, is that the toast in Yunnan will change the soil and return to the native place, and? A crooked one? Toast has not been changed. Because? A crooked one? Toast does not turn the soil into a stream, which also causes great hidden dangers. From 65438 to 0852, Britain began to invade Myanmar and soon arrived in Mubang area. 1897, Britain and Qing Dynasty concluded the Sino-British Treaty of Continuing Myanmar, and Mubang area was incorporated into British Myanmar. As a result, the Han nationality in this area was renamed the Kokang nationality, the Chinese language was renamed the national language, and the Chinese language was renamed the national language.

To sum up, the Yuan Dynasty once pushed its territory to the periphery of the Indian Ocean. Unfortunately, the Ming Dynasty failed to control this area and was eventually unified by the Xu Dong Dynasty. When Soochow and Ming Dynasty fought again, the area of Yunnan was greatly reduced. After the establishment of the Qing Dynasty, Mubang and other areas were recovered, but they were still occupied by Britain. So that everyone can understand this clue more clearly.