The history of Franks

The Romans knew that the Franks were Germanic tribes. At the beginning of the 5th century, Franks began to spread along the Rhine River to Rome-controlled Gaul (now France). Different from other Germanic tribes, they did not leave their former homes completely, but just expanded outside their hometown. Clovis, the leader of the Franks, unified the Franks in 509. After a long struggle with the Huns and Avar from North Asia, he became the ruler of most parts of Western Europe and defeated the last Roman army in Gaul. In the next thousand years, this Frankish kingdom gradually evolved into today's France, Italy and Germany. In 74 1 year (the 29th year of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty), the son of Charles, Guan Yu, succeeded to the throne. In 754 AD (the 14th year of Tianbao of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty in China), he helped the Pope to fight against Lombardy, gave the Pope the land seized from Lombardy, and established a papal state. In return, the Pope recognized Pi as the king of the Franks and shelved the last king of the deposed Morovian dynasty. Pope Paiping was crowned and the Caroline dynasty was formally established.

Shortly before his death (768 AD, that is, the third year of Tang Daizong Wen Rui's filial piety), Pippin, a dwarf, recovered Sepp Tymark (present-day languedoc) from Arab occupation. After his death, his two sons shared the kingdom equally, but Carloman's early death made Charlie the only heir. He is "Charlemagne", the greatest ruler of Caroline Dynasty. After Charlemagne's death, his grandson, Teutonic Louis, and bald Charlie joined forces against their brother lothaire. The treaty of verdun (AD 842) they signed at the swearing-in ceremony in Strasbourg had the most lasting influence: the empire was divided into three entities: Italy, France and Germania, which laid the main political map of Europe. The empire was weakened by division. The central government finally collapsed under the pressure of civil war, border conflict and Viking invasion. After a series of conquests, the Danish Vikings besieged Paris (Ganning, Tang Zhaozong, China) in 896, and continued uninterrupted attacks until the end of this century. Finally, they settled in France. 9 1 1 year (the first year of Taizu Ganhua), King Charles III of Caroline Dynasty signed an agreement with R.lf, the Danish immigration leader, to recognize Rollo as the Duke of Normandy. With the decline of the central government, local lords actually became independent feudal lords. If the king wants money and soldiers, he has to compromise with these nobles. Therefore, fiefs became hereditary, and fief holders became feudal lords and had their own vassals. By the 10 century, France was divided into feudal territories, and each territory was like an independent country. Finally, the feudal lords got rid of the last king of Caroline Dynasty and elected Yuge Garpe as king, precisely because of his weakness. His influence is limited to the Wang family's territory from Sanlitun to Orleans.

In the next two centuries, the kings of the Gaby Dynasty gradually regained their rights by keeping the royal roads safe, expanding their territory, encouraging trade, and granting royal permits to new towns and fiefs rising on wasteland. By combining with the power of the church, Gaby Dynasty gained a strong moral position and benefited from the influence of the church in culture, politics and society. The royal prime minister is loyal to the king, effectively eliminating the hereditary status of government officials. From 1 180 (the sixth year of China's filial piety in the Southern Song Dynasty), three powerful rulers, including Philip II, established France as the most important European country. They improved the operation of the government, encouraged prosperous trade, collected taxes effectively and strengthened their position in the feudal class. Although a parliament called class parliament has been established at this time, it has no real power and is often ignored.

1337 to 1453 The Hundred Years' War between Britain and France was aimed at deciding whether the ownership of French land could be inherited by the British king. France won the final victory, established the dominant position of the French king in France and became the most authoritative political force.