What is the basic idea of field epidemiological investigation?

Verify the diagnosis or problem and determine the prevalence rate; Describe the distribution characteristics of popularity; Forming and testing hypotheses about epidemic factors; Draw a conclusion and take further control measures.

(1) Descriptive research: it is the basis of epidemiological research. The main method is current situation research. By investigating and describing the relationship between disease distribution and various suspicious pathogenic factors, the etiology hypothesis is put forward.

(2) Analysis and research: Generally, a specific population is selected to analyze and test the hypothesis of etiology or epidemic factors put forward in descriptive research. Divided into case-control study and cohort study.

(3) Experimental method: An epidemiological experiment was conducted on the spot, and the observed population was randomly divided into experimental group and control group, and certain intervention measures were taken for the experimental group. Through follow-up observation, we can judge the effect of intervention measures and further verify the hypothesis.

Extended data:

1854, cholera broke out in London, and more than 500 people died in 10 days. According to the prevailing view at that time, cholera was spread by air. But Dr. john snow doesn't believe this statement. He thinks cholera is spread by water. The relationship between the distribution of local wells and the distribution of cholera patients in Si Nuo was studied by punctuation map.

It was found that the incidence of cholera was obviously high in the water supply range of a well in Broad Street (or translated as Braud Street). Finally, the cause of cholera outbreak was found through this clue: a polluted water pump. Shortly after people removed the handle of the pump, the incidence of cholera dropped significantly. John snow's work in this incident is regarded as the beginning of epidemiology.

During the period of 1948-1952, Richard Dole and Bradford Hill cooperated in a case-control study.

By investigating the smoking history of cancer patients, they announced that there was a causal link between smoking and lung cancer. After more than 20 years, their cohort study further strengthened this conclusion. Their achievements provide a scientific basis for tobacco control actions.

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