When did the journey to the East begin?

before the Qing dynasty, the population of northeast China was mainly Manchu, Mongolian and other ethnic minorities, among which Manchu accounted for the majority and Han population was almost absent. In the Qing Dynasty, Shandong people's invasion of Guandong can be roughly divided into three periods: first, from 1644 to 1667, the Qing court promulgated the Regulations on Recruiting People for Reclamation in Liaodong, which stipulated that "those who recruit hundreds of people should be given the title of magistrate of a county, and the military should be given the garrison". In the past 23 years, "there were many people from Shandong who immigrated to the Northeast", and many areas were "endowed with great geographical advantages and numerous interests" because of immigration; 2. From 1668 to 186, in order to maintain the inherent customs of Manchuria and protect the livelihood of the Eight Banners, in the seventh year of Kangxi, the Qing court ordered that "Liaodong should recruit people and grant officials, and stop forever", and implemented a policy of banning the northeast. At that time, willow walls were planted all over Shanhaiguan, connected by ropes in the middle, and Manchu soldiers were stationed there to closely guard the pass, and Han Chinese were not allowed to go out. However, this policy failed to stop the refugees in Shandong Province. At this time, the refugees "carried baskets, helped the old and took care of the young, or went out of Yuguan in the east, or crossed the Bohai Sea in the east, and swarmed with ants". For a time, Shandong people traveled all over the vast land of Kanto; 3. From 1861 to 1911, after the Opium War, the Qing government's control over the frontier was gradually weakened, and tsarist Russia continued to erode the Heilongjiang border. The Qing government adopted the suggestion of the Heilongjiang general Tepuqin, and in the tenth year of Xianfeng (186), it officially opened the door left unlocked and officially opened it to the refugees. "The opening of the three northeastern provinces and the establishment of governance were like an arrow in the air, and it was inevitable that it would have to be launched." With the gradual opening up of kanto region, the number of refugees who go abroad to make a living is increasing day by day, and the number of them is getting older, and the refugees in Shandong and Zhili are even more "following the wind" and "joining the Tao all the year round", so that the Northeast has finally become an "immigrant society". It is estimated that in the third year of Xuantong (1911), the population of Northeast China was * * * 18.41 million, of which about 1 million were refugees from Shandong, Hebei and Henan provinces. "Among them, Shandong is the most, accounting for about 7% to 8%. From this, it can be inferred that the number of refugees who moved from Shandong to the northeast in the Qing Dynasty was between 7 million and 8 million. " The scale is huge, as you can imagine.