Some information about Hong Kong.

Mbth: Hongkong.

Alias: Pearl of the Orient

Administrative Region Category: Special Administrative Region

Region: China South China

Hong Kong Island, Kowloon and the New Territories.

Government Resident: Central and Western District of Hong Kong Island

Telephone area code: +852

Location: Southeast of Pearl River Estuary

Area: about 1, 104 km2.

Population: 6.8 million (2009)

Dialect: Cantonese

Climatic conditions: subtropical monsoon climate

Famous attractions: Victoria Harbour, Disneyland, Ocean Park, etc.

Airport: Hong Kong International Airport

Railway Station: Hung Hom Station

Chinese name Hong Kong

The full Chinese name is People's Republic of China (PRC) Special Administrative Region.

English name Hong Kong

The English full name is Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HK SAR).

Geographical location of the international financial center: southeast of the Pearl River Estuary, with Shenzhen in the north.

Regional status: Hong Kong is one of the international financial centers, ranking the top three in the world.

Spoken language: Cantonese, English and Mandarin.

Text: Chinese (Traditional), English

Landmark building:

Hong Kong Cultural Centre

K. Hua center

International business ... Union Square

International Finance Center Phase II (International Finance Center Phase II)

Bank of China.

[Edit this paragraph] Introduction to the city

Hong Kong became the territory of the Central Plains at that time from the Qin Dynasty (the Central Plains refers to the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River with Henan as the center). Until the defeat of the Qing Dynasty in the middle of19th century, the territory was ceded and leased to Britain in batches to become a colony, and Hong Kong opened its port for development. 1 In September 1982, China and Britain implemented the future of Hong Kong. 1984 signed the Sino-British Joint Declaration, which decided that the people of China and China would resume the exercise of sovereignty over Hong Kong on1July 19971. China promised to implement one country, two systems in Hongkong. Hong Kong will maintain its capitalist system and its original way of life, and enjoy a high degree of autonomy in all matters except foreign affairs and national defense, that is, "Hong Kong people ruling Hong Kong with a high degree of autonomy".

After the Second World War, Hong Kong's economy and society developed rapidly, becoming not only one of the "four little dragons in Asia", but also one of the richest, most developed and highest living standards regions in the world. Hong Kong is an important financial, service and shipping center in Asia, which is famous for its clean government, good public order, free economic system and perfect rule of law. Historical changes have turned Hong Kong from a small fishing village with only a thousand people into an international metropolis with the reputation of "Pearl of the Orient" today.

[Edit this paragraph] Historical year

The development of history

The history of Hong Kong can be traced back to the Neolithic Age 5000 years ago. After Qin Shihuang unified China, South China Sea, Guilin and Xiang Jun were successively established, and Hong Kong belonged to Panyu County, Nanhai County. Since then, Hong Kong has been under the jurisdiction of the central government. In the Han Dynasty, Hong Kong belonged to Boluo County, Nanhai County. In the sixth year of Xianhe in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (AD 33 1 year), Hong Kong belonged to Baoan County, Dongguan County. During the Sui Dynasty, Hong Kong belonged to Baoan County, Nanhai County and guangzhou fu. In the second year of Tang Zhide (AD 757), Baoan County was changed to Dongguan County, and Hong Kong still belonged to Dongguan County. During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, a large number of mainland people moved to Hong Kong, which promoted the great development of Hong Kong's economy and culture. In the first year of Wanli in Ming Dynasty (1573), Hong Kong belonged to Xin 'an County.

Hong Kong, the regional emblem of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, is an excellent deep-water port, once known as one of the three natural seaports in the world. In the early years, the British took a fancy to Victoria Harbour in Hong Kong, which had the potential to become an excellent port in East Asia, and spared no effort to win it over from the Manchu government by the Opium War to develop its maritime trade in the Far East, thus beginning the history of Hong Kong becoming a British colony. From 1842 to 1997, Hong Kong was a British colony. On July 6th, Hong Kong returned to China.

The three parts of Hong Kong (Hong Kong Island, Kowloon and New Territories) come from three unequal treaties in different periods. 1840 after the first opium war, Britain forced the Qing government to sign the treaty of nanking on 1842 and cede Hong Kong Island. 1856, the British and French allied forces launched the second Opium War, forcing the Qing government to sign the Beijing Treaty in 1860, ceding the Kowloon Peninsula, the area south of today's Jiejie. After the Sino-Japanese War of 1894, 1894, Britain forced the Qing government to sign the "Special Provisions on Expanding the Border of Hong Kong" in 1898, and forcibly leased the New Territories for 99 years until130 June 1997. Leasing in the New Territories has increased the area of Hong Kong tenfold.

Chronology of major historical events

184 1 year 65438+1October 26th: After the First Opium War, Britain occupied Hong Kong Island. Later, the Qing government tried to take back the colonial "port flag" by force, and Daoguang issued many orders for this, but the Qing dynasty could never defend its territorial integrity.

1August 29th, 842: The Qing government signed the unequal treaty "treaty of nanking" with Britain, ceding Hong Kong Island to Britain.

1860 65438+1October 24th: China and Britain signed the unequal Beijing Treaty, ceding the area south of Boundary Street in Kowloon Peninsula to Britain.

1June 9, 898: Britain forced the Qing government to sign the "Special Provisions on Expanding the Boundary of Hong Kong" to lease 262 islands north of Boundary Street in Kowloon Peninsula for 99 years (ending on June 30, 997).

194165438+February 25th: During World War II, the Japanese invaded Hong Kong, and the British troops stationed in Hong Kong were unable to resist. At that time, Governor Yang had no choice but to declare surrender. Hong Kong was occupied by Japan and began a "period of Japanese rule" of three years and eight months.

1945 September 15: Japan signed a surrender in Hong Kong after its defeat and withdrew from Hong Kong.

1984 12 19: China and Britain signed a joint statement on the question of Hong Kong and implemented "one country, two systems" after Hong Kong 1997.

1 July, 19971:Hongkong became the People's Republic of China (PRC) Special Administrative Region. According to the Basic Law, Hong Kong's previous economic, legal and social systems will remain unchanged for 50 years and "one country, two systems" will be implemented. The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region enjoys a high degree of autonomy except that national defense and foreign affairs are managed by the central government.

Place name source

There are several theories about the origin of place names in Hong Kong:

Statement 1: The name of Hong Kong is related to spices. During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, Hong Kong was administratively subordinate to Dongguan, Guangdong. Since the Ming Dynasty, a small harbor in the southern part of Hong Kong Island, a distribution center for the transshipment of spices from South Guangdong, has been known as "Hong Kong" because of the transshipment of spices produced in Dongguan, Guangdong. It is said that the spices transported from Hong Kong at that time were of high quality and were called "Hainan treasures". Many local people in Hong Kong also grow spices, and Hong Kong is also famous with the spices they grow. Soon this perfume was listed as a tribute of the emperor, and at that time it created a prosperous fragrance making and transporting industry. Later, the cultivation and transportation of spices gradually declined, but the name Hong Kong remained.

Night view of Victoria Harbour in Hong Kong (symphony of lights) Statement II: Hong Kong is a natural harbor with sweet and delicious streams nearby. Sailors who come and go at sea often come here to get water to drink. Over time, the sweet stream has gained a great reputation. This stream is also called "Xiangjiang River", and the small harbor formed by Xiangjiang River's alluvial flow into the sea has also begun to be called "Hong Kong". A group of British people landed on Hong Kong Island from this harbor, so they named the whole island after "Hong Kong". To this day, "Xiangjiang" is still another name for Hong Kong.

Statement 3: Named after Gu Xiang. It is said that Gu Xiang is the wife of a pirate. She occupied the island after the pirates died. With the passage of time, people named the island "Hong Kong" after her.

Although there are different opinions, it is generally certain that the place name Hong Kong first appeared in the Ming Dynasty. It originally referred to a small harbor and village on Hong Kong Island at that time, and later it was extended to refer to the whole island (Hong Kong Island). Finally, at the beginning of19th century, it became the general name of the whole area occupied by British colonists at that time.

Geographical climate

Geographical survey

Hong Kong is located at east longitude 1 14 15' and north latitude 22 15'. It is located along the coast of South China, east of the Pearl River Estuary in Guangdong Province, China, and consists of Hong Kong Island, Kowloon Peninsula, inland areas of the New Territories and 262 islands (outlying islands). Hong Kong borders Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province in the north and Wanshan Islands, Zhuhai City, Guangdong Province in the south. Hong Kong is 6 1 km away from Macau in the west, 0/30 km away from Guangzhou and 0/200 km away from Shanghai in the north. In addition, the land in Hong Kong will drop by 3 cm every year.

The three major parts of Hong Kong are: Hong Kong Island is about 8 1 square kilometer; Kowloon Peninsula is about 47 square kilometers; The New Territories and 262 outlying islands are about ***976 square kilometers, with a total area of about 1 104 square kilometers, which is slightly more than one sixth of that of Shanghai and only one tenth of that of China. The total area of land and water jurisdiction is 2755.03 square kilometers, and the water flow rate is 59.9%. Less than 25% of the land has been developed in Hong Kong, and the area of country parks and nature reserves is as high as 40%.

Hong kong climate

Hong Kong has a subtropical climate, with hot and humid summers and temperatures of about 26~30℃. It is cool and dry in winter, but it rarely drops below 5℃. It is rainy from May to September, and sometimes it rains heavily. Between summer and autumn, typhoons blow from time to time, and July to September is the season with more typhoons in Hong Kong. The average annual rainfall in Hong Kong is 2,265,438+04.3mm, with the wettest month in August and the least rainy month in 65,438 438+ 10/0.

Resources and products

Limited by the natural environment, Hong Kong lacks natural resources. More than 60% of the fresh water consumed by Hong Kong depends on Guangdong Province. Mineral deposits include a small amount of iron, aluminum, zinc, tungsten, beryl and graphite. Hong Kong is close to the continental shelf, with a vast ocean and many islands. Fishery production has a unique geographical environment. There are more than 150 kinds of commercial marine fish in Hong Kong, mainly including red-shirt fish, nine-knot stick, big-eyed fish, yellow croaker, yellow-bellied fish, squid and so on. Hong Kong has limited land resources, accounting for 20.5% of the total area, grassland and shrub land 49.8%, wasteland 4. 1%, swamp and mangrove land 0. 1%, cultivated land 6.7%, fish ponds 2%, and urban and suburban construction and development land 16.8%. Agriculture mainly deals in a small amount of vegetables, flowers, fruits and rice, and raises pigs, cattle, poultry and freshwater fish. Nearly half of agricultural and sideline products need to be supplied from Chinese mainland. Hong Kong has less resources.

administrative division

The administrative divisions of Hong Kong can be roughly divided into four parts: Hong Kong Island, Kowloon, New Territories East and New Territories West. More specifically, they can be divided into 18 districts (unlike the mainland, these districts are non-political regional organizations).

Hong Kong Island: Central and Western District, Wan Chai District, Eastern District and Southern District.

Kowloon: Kowloon City, Yau Tsim Mong District, Kwun Tong District, Wong Tai Sin District and Sham Shui Po District.

New Territories East: North District, Tai Po District, Sha Tin District and Sai Kung District.

New Territories West: Yuen Long District, Tuen Mun District, Tsuen Wan District, Kwai Tsing District and Islands District.

(Limited to space, I can't introduce it in detail. Please open the entry link yourself. )

[Edit this paragraph] One country, two systems

One country, two systems is a pioneering work to solve the Hong Kong problem in those years, and it is also the cornerstone of Hong Kong's sustained prosperity. Hong Kong has its own symbols, that is, the regional flag and the regional emblem. At the same time, Hong Kong also has a different social form and economic model from the mainland of China.

The regional flag and emblem of Hong Kong

The regional flag of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region has a red background, red and white colors symbolize one country, two systems, and a white bauhinia pattern with five-star stamens in the center. The blooming bauhinia symbolizes the prosperity of Hong Kong, and the red background symbolizes that Hong Kong will always rely on the motherland.

The regional emblem of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region is a symbol representing Hong Kong. The regional emblem imitates the design of the Hong Kong regional flag, and the inner ring is white bauhinia with a red background. The outer circle is in scarlet letter on white background, and the traditional Chinese is "People's Republic of China (PRC) Special Administrative Region" and the English is HONG KONG.

socioeconomics

After the reunification, Hong Kong has maintained its original social system and economic operation mode. Hong Kong has an independent judicial system. Hong Kong issues and circulates its own currency, the Hong Kong dollar, and issues stamps independently (the stamps are marked "China and Hong Kong"). Participate in international sports competitions in the name of "China Hongkong". Hong Kong participates in the World Trade Organization and many other international organizations as an independent "China Hong Kong". Hong Kong has its own mature financial and monetary system and its own immigration policy. By the end of 2007, citizens or residents of 170 countries and regions around the world can enter Hong Kong visa-free.

Go back to ten years ago

1 July 9971Hong Kong

1999 10: 00 macau, February 20th.

Historical background:

1842, the Qing government signed the unequal treaty of nanking with Britain and ceded Hong Kong Island to Britain.

1860 The Beijing Treaty was signed and Kowloon Peninsula was ceded to Britain.

1896, Britain forced the Qing government to conclude a new treaty to lease the area north of Boundary Street in Kowloon Peninsula and its nearby islands for 99 years, which was occupied by Japan during World War II.

1945 Japan surrendered and was reoccupied by Britain.

China and Britain signed a joint statement on the Hong Kong issue.

From 65438 to 0997, Hong Kong returned to China and implemented "one country, two systems" and "a high degree of autonomy".

In 2007, Hong Kong has returned to the motherland for the tenth anniversary. Over the past decade, Hong Kong has developed steadily and remains the "Pearl of the Orient". Over the past decade, the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, together with the people of Hong Kong, has overcome a series of difficulties such as the Asian financial turmoil and atypical pneumonia, achieved economic stability, recovery and development, and improved people's lives. At the moment of ten years' return, Hong Kong's economy grew strongly. In 2006, the amount of IPO funds raised surpassed that of new york, second only to London. Ten years ago, the international community was worried about the future of Hong Kong. From 65438 to 0995, Fortune magazine published an article "Hong Kong is Dead", which predicted that Hong Kong would gradually decline after its return to China. However, Fortune magazine published an article on June 28th, 2007, on the eve of the 10th anniversary of Hong Kong's return to China, and admitted that the prediction at that time was completely wrong.

Over the past decade, the status of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region has been continuously consolidated and upgraded. As of June 2007, the number of countries and regions granting visa-free treatment to HKSAR passport holders has increased to 65,438+034. Over the past decade, the exchanges between Hong Kong and the Mainland have been continuously strengthened.

In 10 after the reunification, Hong Kong's economic structure changed obviously: the proportion of manufacturing industry in GDP decreased from 8.3% in 1997 to 3.5% in 2006. The proportion of service industry in GDP increased from 78.8% to 87.4%. During the period from1997 to 2006, the net output value of all service industries in Hong Kong increased by 2.4% annually in real terms. 10, the number of employed people in Hong Kong continued to shift from manufacturing to distribution and trade, finance, insurance, real estate and business services, as well as community, social and personal services.

Chief Executive of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region

Chief Executive of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (also known as the Chief Executive, or simply the Chief Executive); English: The Chief Executive is the head of the government of the People's Republic of China (PRC) Special Administrative Region and the highest representative of Hong Kong. This post was established on June 65438+July 1. 0997, which generally replaced the post of Governor. The term of office is 5 years, renewable once.

Successive chief executives

Tung Chee-hwa

Tung Chee-hwa, the first Chief Executive of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, completed part of his first and second terms. On March 12, 2005, he resigned before completing his second term for health reasons. According to the Basic Law, Donald Tsang, the then Chief Secretary for Administration, served as the Chief Executive.

Donald tsang

Donald Tsang, the current Chief Executive, became the only candidate for the 2005 Chief Executive by-election on June 16, 2005, so he was automatically elected according to the Chief Executive Election Ordinance. On June 2 1, the Central People's Government appointed him as the Chief Executive, took office on the same day, and went to Beijing to be formally sworn in on June 24.

On March 25th, 2007, in the 2007 Chief Executive Election, he defeated his opponent Liang Jiajie by 649 votes to 123, and was re-elected as the third Chief Executive. He was appointed by the Central People's Government on April 2, and was sworn in on July 1 2007.

Religious country

Population and population structure

According to the figures released by the Census and Statistics Department of the Hong Kong SAR Government on June 5438+0 1, the temporary population of Hong Kong at the end of 2009 was 7,026,400, an increase of 37,500 compared with the end of 2008, with a growth rate of 0.5%.

Statistics show that from the end of 2008 to the end of 2009, the natural population growth was 4 1.900, and the calculation method was the number of births minus the number of deaths. However, during the same period, the net migration of Hong Kong residents (that is, immigration and emigration) was 4,400, which partially offset the population growth. As a result, the total population of Hong Kong has increased to 37,500.

Hong Kong has a total population of 6.8 million (mid-2009), of which about 265,438+0,000 are floating population, with a population density of 6,420 per square kilometer. It is one of the most densely populated cities in the world, with an average urban population density of 265,438+0,000 people per square kilometer. The vast majority of the population in Hong Kong are Chinese, most of whom are Cantonese speakers, but English is very popular, and there are many people who speak Chaozhou dialect and other dialects. Many indigenous people in the New Territories speak Hakka. In recent years, Putonghua has become very popular, and the general organs and institutions also encourage the use of Putonghua. There are quite a few foreigners living in Hong Kong, about 565,438+07,560. The top three nationalities with the largest population are as follows: Philippines (1308 10), Indonesia (1 14020) and Thailand (28360). Most people in Hong Kong live in high-rise buildings, so while Hong Kong has a high population density, it can still retain a lot of undeveloped rural land.

From the mid-1960s to the present, the local population of Hong Kong is more female than male, and the female residents are more than male residents, and the gap continues to widen.

The birth rate in Hong Kong is the lowest among 225 countries and regions in the world. After the 1960s, there were only six to seven newborn babies per thousand people, and each Hong Kong woman had only 0.9 1 baby. Coupled with the increase in life expectancy, the aging of the population will become more and more serious. It is estimated that by 2033, the population aged 65 and over in Hong Kong will be 27%, which is a very high population aging growth rate compared with 1 1% in 2003. These developments will affect the future urban development planning of the Hong Kong Government.

Working population

From June 5 to June 38+February 2005, the working population in Hong Kong exceeded 3.6 million, of which 55.2% were men and 44.8% were women. Most employees (85.3%) are engaged in service industry, among which 34.4% are engaged in wholesale, retail, import and export trade, catering and hotel industry; Transportation, warehousing and communication industries10.5%; Finance, insurance, real estate and business services15%; Community, social and personal services 26%; Only 5.3% are engaged in manufacturing.

Religious belief

Almost all the major religions in the world have beliefs in Hong Kong. China people mainly believe in Buddhism and Taoism. There are more than 360 temples in Hong Kong, 40 in Hong Kong and 24 in Tianhou. 184 1 year, the Roman Catholic diocese of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region was established. 199 1 year, there are about 258,000 Catholics in Hong Kong. The Catholic Church has schools, hospitals and social service centers in Hong Kong. Christianity was introduced to Hong Kong on 184 1, and now there are more than 50 sects with 285,000 followers. It also runs schools, hospitals and social service centers in Hong Kong. Other religions include: about 50,000 Muslims, more than half of whom are Chinese, and about1.20,000 Hindus; There are also a few Sikhs and Jews.

Lang.

At present, the official languages of Hong Kong (not called "official languages") are Chinese and English, while the government's language policy is "biliterate and trilingual", that is, written Chinese and English are used, and spoken Cantonese (commonly known as Cantonese or Cantonese [1]), Putonghua and English are used. Cantonese is the main language used by Chinese in Hong Kong, while English is the communicative language used by non-Chinese. Most residents in Hong Kong are not indigenous residents. People who immigrate to Hong Kong from mainland China or even other parts of the world will bring their mother tongue to Hong Kong. Besides, Hong Kong culture is also influenced by the trends all over the world. So the languages you hear and see in Hong Kong are far more than Cantonese and English.

Since Hong Kong was still a British colony when simplified Chinese characters were introduced to Chinese mainland, the most commonly used Chinese in Hong Kong is traditional Chinese.

With the increasingly frequent communication between Hong Kong people and the mainland of China, Hong Kong people generally know the commonly used simplified characters. It is not difficult to see simplified Chinese slogans and signs made for foreign tourists in the market. Some schools allow students to use simplified Chinese characters to answer homework and exams in Chinese. The examination bureau also allows students to use simplified characters in public examinations (that is, the summary of simplified characters issued by the State Language Committee 1986).

Economy and finance

General situation of economy and trade and international status

Hong Kong is a free port. In addition to cigarettes, spirits and power fuels (gasoline, diesel, etc. ), Hong Kong does not impose tariffs on other imported goods. Hong Kong's economy is famous for its free trade, low tax rate and little government intervention. Hong Kong has been rated as the freest economy in the world by internationally renowned rating agencies and organizations for many years. Milton, Nobel laureate in economics? Friedman thinks Hong Kong is a model of free economy. Hong Kong is a financial center, an international shipping center and a regional trade center in the Asia-Pacific region and even the world, and has an irreplaceable superior position in many neighboring countries and regions. Today, Hong Kong has become the largest trading entity in the world 1 1. In terms of throughput, Hong Kong's container port is one of the busiest in the world. Hong Kong International Airport is one of the busiest airports in the world in terms of passenger traffic and international cargo handling capacity. In terms of foreign bank transactions, Hong Kong is the largest banking center in the world 15. Hong Kong is the sixth largest foreign exchange market in the world in terms of turnover. In terms of market value, Hong Kong's stock market is the second largest in Asia.

Hong Kong is one of the transportation and tourism centers in the Asia-Pacific region. The public transport system consists of railways, ferries and buses, extending to almost every corner of Hong Kong. Hong Kong is an important international commercial port with a developed shipping industry. There are shipping exchanges with 460 ports in more than 100 countries and regions, forming a perfect shipping network with Hong Kong as the hub and routes reaching five continents and three oceans. There are more than 20 air routes from Hong Kong to all parts of the world. Hong Kong is also the gateway for business and tourism to enter the mainland. In 2005, the number of Hong Kong residents returning to the Mainland was about 62.7 million, and the number of foreign tourists entering the Mainland through Hong Kong was * * * 4 million. Every day, 65,438+028 ships, about 65,438+000 planes, more than 400 trains and 40,200 cars shuttle between Hong Kong and the mainland.

Hong Kong is one of the international financial centers, and financial institutions are closely linked with the market. The government's policy is to maintain and develop a sound legal framework, regulatory system, infrastructure and administrative system, to provide a level playing field for market participants, to maintain the stability of the financial and monetary systems, and to enable Hong Kong to compete effectively with other major financial centers. Hong Kong, with its superior geographical position, is a bridge connecting the time difference between North America and Europe, closely linked with other economies in the Mainland and Southeast Asia, and established a good communication network with other parts of the world, so it can become an important international financial center. In addition, the free flow of funds into and out of Hong Kong is also an important factor.

Hong Kong is the world's largest trading economy, the sixth largest foreign exchange market and the fifth largest banking center. Hong Kong's stock market is the second largest in Asia. Hong Kong is also a major exporter of clothing, watches and clocks, toys, games, electronics and some light industrial products, and its total export value ranks among the top in the world.

Hong Kong's economy is dominated by the service industry, which is closely related to the mainland of China and other Asia-Pacific regions. It is the city with the largest number of regional offices set up by international companies in Asia. Hong Kong is also one of the popular tourist destinations and a popular place for holding international conferences and exhibitions. In 2005, Hong Kong was the 1 1 largest service exporter in the world. The main industries related to service trade include tourism and tourism, trade-related services, transportation services, financial and banking services and professional services.

Main economic data

Gross domestic product: HK$ 654.38 billion+HK$ 472 million (2006)

Per capita GDP: HK$ 265,438+HK$ 04,765,438+HK$ 00 (2006)

Real GDP growth rate: 6.8%(2006)

Urban gross national product (purchasing power parity)

US$ 289.7 billion (ranked 39th in the world in 2007).

Per capita GDP is 4 1, 6 14 USD (305,018 RMB). Chinese administrative region1; 6 th in the world).

Gross national product of cities (nominal)

US$ 203 billion (ranked 37th in the world in 2007).

Per capita GDP is 29149 USD (the second place in China's administrative regions; 28 th in the world).

Urban gross national product

295.2 billion US dollars (purchasing power evaluation, ranking 36th in the world and regions in 2008)

The per capita GDP is 29350 (27th in the world and 27th in China).

According to the data of the International Monetary Fund in 2005, Hong Kong's per capita GDP (PPP) is 34 1 1 USD, ranking 9th in the world and 1 in Asia, surpassing the four major economies in Western Europe. According to the international exchange rate, it is US$ 25,555, ranking 26th in the world and 5th in Asia, second only to Qatar, Japan, United Arab Emirates and Singapore. Looking at all industries in Hong Kong, service industry accounts for the highest proportion of GDP, with the figure of 965,438+0% in 2005, of which import and export trade accounts for 22.5% of GDP, community, social and personal service industry accounts for 65,438+09.2%, and financial and insurance industry accounts for 65,438+02.7%.

The currency of Hong Kong

The currency of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong dollar. The vast majority of Hong Kong dollar banknotes are issued by three note-issuing banks under the supervision of the Hong Kong Monetary Authority. The three note-issuing banks include HSBC, Standard Chartered Bank and Bank of China Hong Kong Branch, and a small number of ten-dollar notes are issued by the Hong Kong Monetary Authority. The new purity of banknotes circulating in Hong Kong has always been high. Broken old banknotes will be collected and destroyed by the note-issuing bank after they are returned. Every year, about one-third of the circulating banknotes are considered to be no longer suitable for circulation and replaced by new banknotes.

banking

Hong Kong's banking industry is very developed, with branches of local banks and banks around the world all over the streets. In the1970s, there was a saying in Hong Kong that there were more banks on the streets in Hong Kong than rice shops, which meant that there were more banks buying rice than rice shops. By the end of 2008, there were 143 licensed banks, 27 restricted licence banks and 28 deposit-taking companies in Hong Kong. In addition, 88 foreign banks have representative offices in Hong Kong, with a total of about 65,438+0,300 branches. These foreign banks come from 37 countries, of which 765,438+0 is the largest 65,438+000 banks in the world. Banks in Hong Kong are engaged in various retail and wholesale banking businesses, such as deposit taking, trade financing, corporate financing, treasury activities, precious metal trading and securities brokerage.

foreign exchange market

Hong Kong's foreign exchange market is developed and active, which plays an indispensable role in the global foreign exchange market. As Hong Kong has links with other overseas foreign exchange markets, it can conduct foreign exchange transactions with the rest of the world 24 hours a day. According to the triennial global survey conducted by the Bank for International Settlements in 2004, the turnover of Hong Kong's foreign exchange market ranks sixth in the world.

gold market

Hong Kong is not only a global financial center, but also its gold market is particularly famous. As one of the four largest gold markets in the world, Hong Kong is the third largest gold market in the world, and its gold exchange is called the gold and silver exchange.

Stock and bond markets

In terms of capital market value, Hong Kong stock market is one of the largest in the world. By the end of May 2006, Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing Limited had 1 144 listed companies with a total capital market value of 94 1 1 billion yuan (1 206.5 billion US dollars). Hong Kong's stock market ranks second in Asia, next only to Japan.

The Hong Kong debt market has developed into one of the most liquid markets in the Asia-Pacific region. The Central Clearing System for Debt Instruments was established at 1990 and managed by the Hong Kong Monetary Authority. It provides settlement and custody services for Exchange Fund bills, bonds and debt securities issued by private institutions.

In September 2006, the average daily turnover of Exchange Fund bills and bonds was HK$ 36.3 billion. As at the end of September 2006, the outstanding Exchange Fund bills and bonds amounted to about HK$ 65,438 billion. In the first half of 2006, the total amount of debt securities issued by private institutions reached 1 65,438+02 billion Hong Kong dollars.

Business dealings with the mainland

The mainland is Hong Kong's largest trading partner and the main source of drinking water, vegetables, meat and eggs. In 2005, China-Hong Kong trade accounted for 45% of Hong Kong's total trade value. At the same time, the mainland is the main source and the largest market for Hong Kong's re-export goods, and about 90% of Hong Kong's re-export goods come from or are shipped to the mainland. Hong Kong is also a financial and other business support service center in the Mainland, especially in South China, providing diversified financial and other business support services for the Mainland, such as banking and financing, insurance, transportation, accounting and promotion.