What did Fuzhou record about the Linfen earthquake in Shanxi?

In the Linfen Basin of the Fen River Basin in Shanxi Province, a magnitude 8 earthquake occurred near Hongdong in 1303, causing an extremely serious disaster. 392 years later, in 1695, another magnitude 8 earthquake occurred almost at the same spot. The distance between the two epicenters was only 40 kilometers apart, and the source bodies basically overlapped. This is rare in mainland my country. Similar earthquakes occur all over the world. Also extremely rare.

At around 8 o'clock in the evening on May 18, 1695 (Xu time on April 6, the 34th year of Emperor Kangxi's reign in the Qing Dynasty), a magnitude 8 earthquake occurred in the Linfen Basin, which was historically known as the "Pingyang Earthquake" or "Pingyang Earthquake" —Lu’an Earthquake”. The epicenter was located at 36.0 degrees north latitude and 111.5 degrees east longitude. During the earthquake, there was a sound like thunder, the ground shook and the mountains shook, the city collapsed and houses collapsed. In addition, the fire burned the sky, and black water surged to the ground. Linfen City, the capital of Pingyang Prefecture, was suddenly immersed in billowing smoke and dust. The earthquake affected areas as far north as Youyu, Shanxi, as far as Gucheng, Hubei, in the south, as far as Pingliang, Gansu in the west, and as far as Tengxian, Shandong in the east. Shanxi, Shaanxi, Henan, Hebei, Shandong, Hubei, Gansu, Jiangsu and other provinces were all affected, including: 125 prefectures and counties recorded damage from the earthquake.

The Linfen City of Pingyang Prefecture at that time was located in the center of the Linfen Basin. It was densely populated, economically and culturally developed, with numerous government offices and private houses. According to records, during the earthquake, "there was a sound like thunder, and city walls, government offices, temples, and residential buildings collapsed, killing tens of thousands of people. All states and counties were shaken at once, especially Linfen, Xiangfen, Hongdong, and Fushan." "There was not a single temple left in the east gate tower of Pingyang (i.e. Linfen City), and countless people were crushed to death." Within more than ten kilometers east and south of Linfen City, everything from ordinary houses to relatively sturdy temples were destroyed. In Baotou Village to the east of Linfen City, the ditch walls surrounding the village collapsed on a large scale, and residents had to move to the west of the village to build new houses, so they were called East and West Baotou Villages. "Black water surged to the ground" in Xiangfen County, "city walls, schools, offices, and residential buildings were completely overturned, and the dead were indescribable." "Five out of ten houses in Fushan County are in bad condition" and "the people have been in poverty for decades." "The ground cracked and water surged out of Hongdong, half of the government offices, temples, and residences collapsed, killing many people," and the sand embankment protecting the city was also damaged. The intensity in Linfen and Xiangling areas reached ten degrees. From Pingyao in the north to Wenxi in the south, from Shilou and Xixian in the west to Huojia in Henan in the southeast, buildings were severely damaged within an area of ??more than 300 kilometers long and 200 kilometers wide.

The casualties caused by this earthquake were very heavy. "It is strange that twenty thousand men and women were crushed to death in Linfen City, and there was a man who killed all the pavilion gates without leaving a single person alive." "It is strange that seven thousand men and women were crushed to death by a gangster" in Xiangling County. According to Na Yanbao, the Minister of Punishment in the 20th year of Jiaqing (1815), he reported on the investigation of the Pinglu earthquake: “After checking the original records of the Pingyang earthquake, we found that there were 28 prefectures and counties affected by the disaster at that time, and 14 of them were severely affected. Prefectures and counties, more than 52,600 people were killed. ”

The secondary disasters of this earthquake were very serious. After the earthquake, "there were only two or three houses left on the city walls in Linfen, and seventy-eight of the residents were killed or injured. What was even more tragic was that fierce fire burned the sky, black water surged to the ground, and later the summer fields were filled with smoke and the autumn roads were floating." Frog. How can we survive with such severe fires and floods? This is the first time in the history of earthquakes in ancient and modern times, and it provides us with valuable lessons for earthquake prevention and resistance today.

The earthquake also severely damaged the irrigation systems on both sides of the Fen River. Linfen Tongli Canal is a large-scale irrigation canal with a length of 50 kilometers. "The earthquake collapsed the canal," and "the people's fields in the canal used to be a dry port." The Lize Canal in Hongdong County is located west of Weidian Village in Zhaocheng. It guides Fen water to irrigate farmland in Hongdong and Linfen counties. Its scale is similar to that of Tongli Canal. It also completely collapsed during the earthquake, seriously affecting local agricultural production and even the entire economy. Recovery and development.