What lasting social changes have immigrants brought?

Three waves of immigrants in the United States;

What American historians call the "Great Migration Movement" is the first migration climax from 1820 to 1860, during which the total number of immigrants reached 5 million. Immigrants mainly come from western Europe and northern Europe, including about 2 million Irish, 6,543,800 Germans and a large number of African slaves sold to the United States. At the same time, a few immigrants came from Asia, mainly from China, and they came to the United States to look for gold.

The second immigration climax was from 186 1 to 1880, and about 5 million immigrants came to the United States. After the end of the Civil War, the United States ushered in the peak of industrialization, and the demand for labor was strong. In order to attract European immigrants to the United States, 1864, President Lincoln lobbied Congress to pass the immigration encouragement bill. Secretary Seward even issued a circular to American diplomats in Europe, asking them to make attracting European immigrants one of the most important diplomatic tasks. In order to recruit skilled workers from Europe to work in the United States, some delegations also went to Europe to recruit. They advertised in many European newspapers and published pamphlets to describe the attractive prospects of the United States to Europeans with immigration aspirations. Some also provide necessary travel expenses for Europeans who want to immigrate to the United States.

The third climax was from 188 1 to 1920, and the number of immigrants soared to 23.5 million. The migration peak is 1907, reaching 1285000. At this stage, the United States has repeatedly legislated to restrict European immigrants and exclude Asian immigrants. The growth of "old immigrants" from northwest European countries such as Britain, Germany and Sweden is limited, while the growth of "new immigrants" from southeast European countries such as Italy and Russia is rapid.

After these three immigration climaxes, 1920, the total population of the United States exceeded 1 100 million for the first time. From 1820 to 1920, the number of immigrants accounted for more than 20% of the annual population growth in the United States.

Three waves of immigrants in China;

The first wave of immigrants in China was after the Qing army entered the customs in 1644. Many southerners immigrated to Southeast Asia and established Chinese communities there. Their descendants now control the economic lifeline of Southeast Asia.

The second wave of immigrants occurred after the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Uprising. At that time, due to large-scale civil war and foreign invasion, a large number of people from the southeast coast left the motherland again. They not only expanded the scale of Chinese in Southeast Asia again, but also sailed across the ocean in a newly invented ship at that time and arrived in North America and Australia today.

Since the implementation of the reform and opening-up policy in the late 1970s, there has been a third wave of immigrants in China. According to incomplete statistics, since 1978, more than 2 million China people have emigrated overseas. Every year, 30,000 to 40,000 people immigrate from China to the United States.

The third wave of immigrants is obviously different from the previous two. First of all, geographically, the first two immigrants mainly occurred in the eastern coastal areas, but this time the scope of immigration spread all over China, and many people joined in the northern and central regions. Secondly, the scale of this migration is unprecedented, mainly due to convenient transportation. Third, new immigrants are more patriotic and loyal. Even if these new immigrants settle down in the local area, they don't think they are locals, but they still think they are from China. Andrew, an expert on China who studies China-Southeast Asia relations? Phobus said that these new immigrants grew up in a stronger and more unified country than before. Even if they immigrated, they still turned their hearts to the motherland.

The predecessors of this wave of new immigrants speak regional dialects, have little nationalism, and identify with the region where they come from. This wave of immigrants can not only speak Mandarin, but also identify with China.