How to solve the socialization problem of ethnic affairs governance in Fang Kun city?

With the rapid development of industrialization, urbanization, informationization and agricultural modernization, the ethnic distribution pattern in China is undergoing profound changes, and ethnic exchanges, exchanges and blending are being carried out in an unprecedented breadth and depth. Urban ethnic work is facing a series of new situations, new problems and new challenges. It is no exaggeration to say that the status of urban ethnic work is directly related to the modernization of the entire ethnic affairs governance system and governance capacity. Judging from the significance of governance modernization, the concept of urban ethnic affairs governance socialization has a higher positioning level, deeper connotation and more important significance than the socialization of urban ethnic work. The socialization of urban ethnic affairs requires the transformation of ethnic affairs from government affairs to public affairs and public services. Especially under the condition of market economy, facing the new normal of "the state's support for ethnic affairs is increasing, and the basic public services of ethnic minorities are still weak", urban ethnic affairs can dig deep into various fields of society, reallocate resources, and establish social cooperation in urban ethnic affairs in the process of government function transfer and decomposition.

First, the problems to be solved urgently in the socialization of urban ethnic affairs governance

(1) Multi-agent cooperation among government, market and society.

The state power, represented by the government, is in a leading position in the governance of urban ethnic affairs, undertaking the basic public service supply and ethnic affairs management functions of ethnic minorities, and has strong political and policy nature. Emphasizing the "socialization" of governance does not mean that the government can be "absent", but to strengthen the construction of the responsibility system of party and government leaders in the governance of urban ethnic affairs. The government is only one member of the main body of urban ethnic affairs governance, not the only one, and cannot cover all aspects in the process of urban ethnic work. For example, for the floating population of urban ethnic minorities, in the past, the government assumed almost all the service management responsibilities, lacked the participation of market and social forces, unilaterally managed and controlled more than social services, and it was difficult to implement the rights of the floating population of ethnic minorities, with frequent contradictions and disputes, and the management effect was not satisfactory. Therefore, it is necessary to pay more attention to cross-sectoral cooperation, consultation and coordination between the government and society, between the government and non-profit organizations, and between public institutions and private institutions. The role of the government is to change from "rowing" to "steering", provide necessary basic support, push social forces and market forces to the front, and provide direct, concrete and socialized services to meet the needs of ethnic minorities. Obviously, this change is helpful to mobilize all forces to promote communication, exchange and integration among all ethnic groups in the city, but it also puts forward higher requirements for the government's ruling ability. The government can neither shirk its responsibility, but also be good at using the resources of multiple subjects and become a skillful craftsman in managing urban ethnic affairs through cross-departmental cooperation.

(B) cross-regional, cross-functional and cross-departmental integration issues

Generally speaking, China's ethnic policies and laws and regulations on urban ethnic work are undoubtedly correct and good. However, with the rapid development of economy and the continuous improvement of urbanization rate, the population of all ethnic groups moves more frequently, and the number of urban ethnic minorities increases greatly. It is difficult for urban ethnic work characterized by regionality, passivity and static to adapt to the new changes brought about by the cross-regional mobility of ethnic groups. Under the trend of accelerating urbanization, the service management of the floating population of ethnic minorities is facing some new situations and problems, which are mainly manifested as three "inadaptability" and two "inability to keep up", that is, foreign ethnic minorities are not adapted to the life and management of urbanization, urban Han residents are not adapted to the living habits and customs of foreign ethnic minorities, and urban management departments are not adapted to various management problems brought about by a large number of foreign ethnic minorities entering the city; The management service of the inflow government cannot keep up, and the coordination service of the outflow government cannot keep up.

(3) The coupling problem of legalization, socialization and refinement.

The governance of urban ethnic affairs is a complex systematic project, which plays an increasingly prominent role in the whole ethnic work. At present, the supporting legislation of urban ethnic work in China is broad and abstract, and its operability is not strong. The guiding laws and decrees are monotonous, and the effect of regulating specific issues such as ethnic relations is not ideal. However, the relevant policies and regulations can only protect the rights and interests of the floating population of ethnic minorities in the market economy, and lack a substantive guarantee mechanism, which makes most urban ethnic work departments still rely on administrative regulation to solve ethnic problems, which obviously runs counter to the trend of socialization of work. The socialization of urban ethnic affairs governance should conform to the requirements of comprehensively administering the country according to law, standardize and coordinate urban ethnic relations with legal thinking and means, give full play to the advantages of the legal system, further improve the power and responsibility relationship and legal system among the subjects of urban ethnic affairs governance, strengthen supervision and inspection of the implementation of the legal system, and regard the spirit of rule of law as the "root" and "soul" of all links and stages of socialization. The socialization of urban ethnic affairs governance is also inseparable from refinement. Only by being good at formulating different governance strategies for ethnic minority areas and scattered areas and different types of cities in the eastern, central and western regions, and being good at comprehensive governance by means of economy, administration, law, culture, information and media, especially promoting the transformation and upgrading of urban ethnic affairs from grid management to network management, can we effectively overcome the shortcomings of simple, extensive and backward traditional management methods. Therefore, the legalization, socialization and refinement of ethnic work should be regarded as an inseparable organic whole. In the process of promoting the socialization of urban ethnic affairs governance, it must be coupled with legalization and refinement to realize the synergy of "three modernizations".

Second, the strategy of building a socialized system of urban ethnic affairs governance.

(A) Meta-governance: the construction of the responsibility mechanism of party and government leaders in urban ethnic affairs

No matter from the ethnic work system or the specific national conditions of our country, the leading role of party committees and governments at all levels in urban ethnic affairs is unquestionable and must be adhered to. At present, in view of the increasing floating population of urban ethnic minorities and the increasing demand of ethnic minorities, urban government departments, especially ethnic affairs departments, are undoubtedly the primary responsible subjects of ethnic affairs governance, and they must constantly strengthen and improve their functions and play their role of "meta-governance" in the socialized system of urban ethnic affairs governance. In China, apart from the Constitution and the law on regional ethnic autonomy, there is no unified law on ethnic work. For a long time, China's urban ethnic work has been mainly based on the Regulations on Urban Ethnic Work. Although laws and regulations have played an important role in urban ethnic work, local ethnic work laws and regulations are mostly derived from government documents or leaders' speeches, and some are too abstract or flexible. In the specific urban ethnic work, the contents of these regulations are uneven, lacking legal supervision and legal sanctions. So it can't be used as a city in an emergency.

The urgent task of establishing and perfecting the government-led responsibility mechanism is to speed up the legislation of urban ethnic work. According to the needs of the development of the situation, it is imperative to revise the Regulations on Urban Ethnic Work as soon as possible. If we want to further standardize the rights and interests of urban ethnic minorities, the management of halal food, and the division of powers and responsibilities of ethnic affairs, we must establish corresponding legal forms to ensure that there are laws to follow. In strict law enforcement, on the one hand, everyone is equal before the law, and no one has the privilege of surpassing the law. No matter which nationality or religion citizens violate the law and commit crimes, they must be dealt with according to law. On the other hand, we should protect the special needs of ethnic minorities and respect their customs and normal religious beliefs. In particular, we must resolutely correct and put an end to words and deeds that discriminate against ethnic minorities or discriminate in disguised form, such as refusing to live, refuse to carry, refuse to rent, refuse to sell, engage in special security checks, and raise the employment threshold. In addition, it is necessary to gradually expand the coverage of supervision and inspection around the hot issues that cadres and the masses of all ethnic groups are generally concerned about, focusing on urban management and law enforcement departments, window service industries, communities and online websites, and increase supervision over the implementation of ethnic laws and regulations. It is necessary to standardize the work flow, innovate ways and means, establish a long-term supervision mechanism with the Ethnic Affairs Commission as the lead unit, the coordination of various departments, the combination of self-examination and supervision, and the unification of daily inspection and special inspection, so as to form a comprehensive law enforcement force and ensure that laws and regulations are truly implemented.

(B) Participatory governance: the construction of multi-agent cooperation mechanism for urban ethnic affairs

Cooperation has the potential to release the energy of people and institutions across departments. Successful cooperation will produce multiple benefits, the most significant of which is more thorough and satisfactory than the government acting alone, and can solve public problems more effectively. With the increasing influence of enterprises, universities, scientific research institutions and social organizations. The government should stimulate the enthusiasm of participating in urban ethnic affairs, be good at using administrative means, social mobilization means and appropriate market means, and build a multi-subject cooperative governance pattern of urban ethnic affairs under the leadership of the government. First, it is necessary to coordinate and unify the management of the government and the autonomy of associations, and absorb social forces to participate in the service management of the floating population of ethnic minorities. On the premise of following the laws and regulations of community autonomy and religion's non-interference in the political and educational systems, we should fully stimulate the enthusiasm of social organizations such as ethnic cultural associations, religious groups, volunteer organizations and charitable organizations to provide public welfare services and promote the self-management of floating minority groups, and standardize the scope, content, methods and channels of social organizations' participation in urban ethnic affairs governance by speeding up relevant legislation. It is necessary to establish a pluralistic and integrated model of ethnic social work, promote professionals, teams and capital from universities and scientific research institutions to enter the field of urban ethnic social work, and enhance the professional quality and service ability of urban ethnic social workers. Second, use market-oriented methods to attract relevant enterprises to cooperate with the government to provide high-quality and efficient public services for ethnic minorities. The government should sign agreements with enterprises through targeted recruitment and skills training, give more policy support to the enterprises in the inflow areas, and help the floating population of ethnic minorities to find jobs and integrate into cities smoothly. Actively explore new modes such as "enclave" economy, industrial agglomeration, and government purchasing services, and constantly narrow the gap between ethnic areas and non-ethnic areas, and between cities and rural areas, so that all regions and ethnic groups can carry out economic exchanges on an equal footing. Third, the subjects of pluralistic social governance work together to resolve contradictions and disputes. To solve the contradictions and disputes of the floating population of urban ethnic minorities, we should change the predicament of "single-handedly fighting" and "isolation and helplessness" of government departments in the past, comprehensively apply economic, political, social and cultural measures, attach importance to giving full play to the positive role of social groups and representatives of ethnic minorities, strengthen political communication, eliminate barriers, coordinate interests, enhance understanding, and resolve contradictions at the grassroots level, at the local level and in the bud through socialization.

Embedding governance: the construction of embedding mechanism in urban multi-ethnic communities.

The realization of civil rights can be regarded as the goal pursued by local governments themselves, rather than providing a specific service. It includes not only the basic treatment of citizens, but also the ability of citizens to participate in decision-making, advocate independent life and directly participate in the provision of community services. Therefore, local governments should keep a proper balance between individual rights and social responsibilities. Ethnic work departments at all levels should not treat floating ethnic groups in isolation in urban ethnic work, and should not overemphasize the particularity of ethnic identity. However, from the perspective of civil rights, the direction of socialization should be to guide ethnic minorities to be embedded in urban communities and civil society, to promote the rights of ethnic minority floating population to obtain citizenship and participate in community governance, and to truly realize citizenship. Therefore, the current embedding mechanism of urban multi-ethnic communities should focus on the cross-regional docking of inflow and outflow areas, and establish the social structure and community environment in which all ethnic groups are embedded.

First of all, there should be effective coordination and cooperation between governments at all levels in the outflow and inflow areas of floating population. As the main body responsible for territorial management, the inflow government should incorporate the service management of minority floating population into the performance appraisal system of local governments. It is necessary to improve and adjust the contents of various policies to make them more compatible with the policies of the outflow areas, take the initiative to accept the floating population of ethnic minorities, and ensure their equal access to compulsory education, medical and health care, employment, housing and other basic urban public services. , thus forming a dynamic governance mechanism of "people are serving and people are walking". The government where the floating population of ethnic minorities flows out should carry out relevant education work in legal system, policy and order at the source, especially in the training and education of floating population, which should include helping ethnic minorities to correctly understand ethnic issues and urban ethnic relations.

The second is to weave social networks and promote the community embedding of minority floating population through community service. Community should change from preventive management mode to service-oriented and participatory governance mode to adapt to the new situation such as the development of market economy, the transformation of government functions, the reorganization of affairs and the gradual differentiation of social organizations. Stimulate the absorptive social integration function of the community, increase cultural inclusiveness, help the floating population of ethnic minorities break through the traditional embedding constraints, "detach" from the outflow area, and then successfully re-embed into the new urban society. Based on the community where the floating population of ethnic minorities live, we should provide targeted services and guarantees, enhance the community awareness of ethnic minorities, cultivate their sense of community identity and belonging, and promote the cultural psychology of ethnic minorities to adapt to modern urban civilization. It is necessary to further subdivide general needs and special needs, and increase public services related to the special needs of ethnic minorities such as halal food, special funeral custom services and special religious ceremonies. With the support and guidance of the government, with the community as the main body, we will cooperate with neighboring ethnic enterprises, universities, scientific research institutions, religious groups, non-profit organizations and volunteers to provide "face-to-face" social services. Of course, while improving community-based services, we can also try to establish a national urban floating population information network, release relevant information such as employment demand and labor supply in time, reduce the blindness of minority floating population, and improve the actual efficiency of floating population service management.

The third is to guide people of all ethnic groups in urban communities to embed each other in living space and economic and cultural exchanges. At present, compared with cities in scattered areas, the problem of residential isolation is more prominent in cities with relatively concentrated floating population in frontier ethnic areas. Therefore, it is suggested that the government should take appropriate economic compensation, migrate and divert the formed single ethnic residential quarters and buildings, and encourage and guide all ethnic groups to embed in living; For the communities under planning and construction, through formulating preferential land and financial policies, we should pay attention to the distribution structure of people of all ethnic groups in planning and implementing post-disaster reconstruction, relocation and resettlement, renovation of dilapidated houses, and allocation of affordable housing construction. However, the scattered cities in the eastern and central parts of China are currently facing the problem of the change or reorganization of multi-ethnic community units caused by the transformation and demolition of old cities. In this regard, the government should intensify propaganda, strengthen the ideological basis of the common life of all ethnic groups, and stop expanding the phenomenon of choosing the common life of ethnic groups. It is suggested that in the process of demolition, the government should give certain economic subsidies and preferential policies to poor ethnic minority residents, and on the basis of respecting the wishes of ethnic minorities, build on-site or resettle in different places according to a certain proportion of ethnic minorities, so as to rationally optimize the adjusted community population structure. In addition, based on the principle of equality and mutual benefit, we should expand the depth and breadth of the economic embedment of all ethnic groups in the city, take the construction of inclusive community culture as a breakthrough, further deepen the recognition of Chinese culture, thus consolidating the foundation of national unity, so that all ethnic groups in the city can understand, respect, tolerate, appreciate, learn from, help and hug each other like pomegranate seeds.

(4) Network governance: build an online and offline interactive docking mechanism for urban ethnic affairs.

Community grid management extends to urban ethnic affairs, which can not only effectively play the role of social governance, but also provide seamless public services for ethnic minorities. On the one hand, it is necessary to further optimize the grid management system of urban ethnic minorities from the aspects of expanding grid service content and expanding social participation. By defining service scope, establishing service team, defining service responsibility, standardizing hierarchical management, and strengthening information interaction, we can form grid collaborative service force, optimize grid management process and service means, promote management with service, and integrate service with management to enhance the satisfaction and happiness of ethnic minorities. On the other hand, under the background of big data, it is urgent to promote the deep integration of the Internet and urban ethnic affairs and maximize the use of the technical force of minority service management, and upgrade urban ethnic affairs from grid management to networked governance transition. This requires the integration of instrumental rationality and value rationality, the introduction of new concepts such as "Internet plus minority service management" and "people's wisdom", the close connection between the real space governance of grid units and the virtual network governance with intelligent terminals as the hub, and the construction of an online and offline interactive network governance mechanism for urban ethnic affairs. Therefore, it is necessary to change the old model of single government department management, and establish a network service management system with government supervision, community operation and extensive participation of ethnic minorities and volunteers by integrating social workers resources of ethnic minorities and recreating service management processes. After the expansion of networking function, data exchange and resource sharing can be realized in a wider range and at a deeper level, but the risk of information leakage of ethnic minorities also increases. To cope with network risks, we should develop high-security technology, provide stronger technical support such as identity security authentication, access control and information confidentiality, and effectively protect the personal privacy and legal person secrets of ethnic minorities. The national network supervision department and security agencies should also intensify efforts to govern cyberspace according to law and earnestly safeguard national unity, social stability and national unity.