Where is Luo Guanzhong from?

Luo Guanzhong (1330? ~ 1440? ) Novelist and dramatist in the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty. The name of this book is in the middle, and the number of lakes and seas is scattered. Taiyuan, Shanxi.

Luo Guanzhong was an outstanding classical novelist in China at the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty. He pushed the style of Italian novels to a mature stage. Later, many scholars and writers spoke highly of him and compared him with Ma and Guan Hanqing. His great achievements in literary creation have become a valuable asset in the treasure house of China literature and world literature. The well-known Romance of the Three Kingdoms written by him is not only a household name in China, but also translated into the languages of more than ten countries, which is popular all over the world and deeply loved by people all over the world. Abroad, his Romance of the Three Kingdoms is called "a masterpiece rich in people's nature", while the Encyclopedia Britannica calls him "the first master of art". Luo Guanzhong is one of the most outstanding writers in the history of China literature, and his work Romance of the Three Kingdoms is a household name. However, little is known about his life. Where is he from? People have different opinions for 600 years. Since Ming and Qing Dynasties, there have been five opinions about Luo Guanzhong's native place.

(1) Notes on Visiting the West Lake: Luo Guanzhong, a native of the Southern Dynasties, wrote dozens of novels.

(B)' Continued Literature Tongzhi' cloud:' Water Margin' Luo Guanzhong Miao. Word penetration, Hangzhou people.

(3) "Seven Manuscripts" cloud: The Three Kingdoms and Song Jiang, Robben Guanzhong compiled in Hangzhou. '

(4) The History of the Three Kingdoms was compiled by Wanli Department and Dongyuan Luodaoben.

(5) Biography of the Three Magical Ministries in Suiping: edited by Luo Guanzhong Dongyuan.

(6) The Water Margin: Your father edited it in the Central Plains.

(7) Water Margin: edited by Luo Guanzhong, Central Plains.

(8) The Complete Biography of Datang was originally written by Luling Robben.

(9) "Shadow of the Tree House" goes: "Water Margin" is said to have been written by Luo Guanzhong, a Vietnamese named Wu Hongchu.

(10) "ghost book sequel" said: Luo Guanzhong, a native of Taiyuan, was scattered in lakes and seas, and few people. Yuefu slang is extremely fresh, and has been friends for more than a thousand years, and has suffered many times. This is just the beginning of the resumption of the meeting I haven't been here for more than 60 years, and I don't know where it will end.

The above ten books about Luo Guanzhong's native place are all recorded, and there are five laws: Hangzhou, Luling, Zhongyuan, Dongyuan and Taiyuan.

Hangzhou, Dongyuan and Taiyuan are the most concerned, and the three theories are the focus of discussion.

Hangzhou said: The reason is that there is Robben's name inNo. 16 in the list attached to Zhao Baofeng's Collected Works. Hangzhou people think Robben is from Hangzhou. In the article (Master Sacrifice to Baofeng), the author checked the people on the list, among whom most of the local people in Cixi are scholars, but also people from Dongping, Yinxian, Taihe, Xianning and Wenzhou. Some of these foreigners are lecturers, and some pay attention to learning from Baofeng. Robben has no record. The "master" here should be interpreted as "the master, friend and mentor of Baofeng before his death". "Master" cannot be simply understood as a disciple.

In what capacity did Robben attend Baofeng's funeral on the list?

It is said that Luo Guanzhong has ambition to be king. He once defected to Zhang Shicheng's subordinates and suggested that Zhang Shicheng unite with Zhu Yuanzhang and Chen Youliang to overthrow the Yuan Dynasty.

Zhang Shicheng didn't listen to the advice. In seventeen years, he voted for Yuan and got the position of Yuan Taiwei.

Legend has it that Luo Guanzhong left Zhang Shicheng to live in seclusion in Siming Mountain, Zhejiang. In the seventeenth year of Zheng Zheng (1357), Siming Mountain in Luoyin and Zhao Baofeng died in the twenty-sixth year of Zheng Zheng (1366). For nine years, Luo Guanzhong lived in seclusion in Siming Mountain. Meanwhile, he met Jia again (1364). Although the meeting place is unknown, it proves that Luo Guanzhong went out to meet friends from time to time during his seclusion. It is possible that Luo Guanzhong went back to Siming Mountain, and Zhao Baofeng died and went as a friend. According to the author's research, Luo Guanzhong was born in 1328, when he was about 38 years old.

Luo lived in seclusion in Siming Mountain at the age of 29.

Luo may have voted for Zhang Shicheng in 14 (1354), when he was about 26 years old.

Legend has it that Luo took part in the uprising before voting for Zhang Shicheng.

These times show that Luo Guanzhong has participated in political activities in many places, one of which cannot be regarded as his official native place. Hangzhou said it could not be established.

The theory of "Dongyuan" is based on the word "Dongyuan Luo Guanzhong" in the preface of The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, which was printed in the first year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty.

Dongyuan said that Mr. Jiang Daqi, a fool in the sixth year of Hongzhi in the Ming Dynasty, found the manuscript of Romance of the Three Kingdoms in Xunxian County, Henan Province, and made a preface in the sixth year of Hongzhi in the Ming Dynasty. In the first year of Jiajing, the printed edition was born and became a social phenomenon. The appearance of The Romance of The Three Kingdoms has attracted the attention of the society and literary circles, and people began to study the author Luo Guanzhong. In the preface of Romance of the Three Kingdoms, it is written that "Dongyuan Luo Guanzhong" is from Shandong, so it is logical to assume that Luo Guanzhong is from Shandong. However, some scholars later found the basis for identifying Jiang Daqi as a native of Jinhua, Zhejiang, and Shandong lost its basic basis. Researchers have shaken the view that Luo Guanzhong is from Shandong.

Some scholars wrote about Luo Guanzhong's Chen and Dong Pingguan in Water Margin, saying that one of Zhao Baofeng's disciples, Chen and Luo Guanzhong, were classmates, and Luo specially arranged a good official for his hometown.

I don't think so. There is also a Ren Yuan (Taiyuan) among the characters in Water Margin. This person is from Wuxiang County at the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty, and he was an official of the household registration department at the beginning of Ming Dynasty. There are inscriptions in Wuxiang County and records in the county annals. Is this also Luo Guanzhong's careful arrangement to vilify this person?

The author believes that it is very common for novelists to use characters to make up stories to set off the plot, and it is not necessary to apply the names already in their minds to the novels to make "careful" arrangements.

Dongyuan said that Jiang Daqi was in charge, and he had to start from the Romance of the Three Kingdoms to find out where Jiang Daqi was.

Preface to the Romance of the Three Kingdoms written by Jiang Daqi in the Jiayin year of Hongzhi (1493). In the first year of Jiajing (1522), The Romance of the Three Kingdoms was published. There is a 29-year interval from preface to publication, which may be Jiang Daqi.

When Hiroshi Jiayin was still in office, he was about 40 years old. Luo Guanzhong died in the second year of Yongle (1404), 89 years after Jiang Zuoxu. The Romance of the Three Kingdoms was published by Jiang in 1522. After Luo's death 1 18, the society did not find a copy of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, and no one had heard of it for more than 600 years. It can be seen that Jiang discovered that Luo Shouben was an original and did not copy it. The location may be Xun County, Henan Province. During the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, the Yellow River entered Jiangsu from Soochow and Anton entered the sea. North of the Yellow River in Henan, Taihang Shandong and Jinan all belong to Dongyuan, so it is not certain that Dongyuan refers to Dongping. Jiang Daqi got a good hand in Dongyuan area and thought Luo was from Dongyuan. In fact, he's just guessing.

Academics commented that Luo Guanzhong was written for storytellers. Judging from several novels written by Luo Guanzhong recognized by the society, it is indeed a book. I think it is impossible for Luo Guanzhong to write a preface, because the storyteller can't say the preface when telling a story, and the audience doesn't like to listen to it. They listen to the content and plot of the novel, so it is impossible to pay attention to who the author is. Preface to Jiang Daqi's Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Pink House is prefaced by Zhuxishan people. The Water Margin is prefaced by Jin Shengtan and Ding Yang. These prefaces were written before Luo died, and in the following hundreds of years, conjecture accounted for 100%. It can be said that Luo did not make a preface, and the preface of Luo's works was written by later generations, which caused different opinions on Luo's native place for 600 years.

Jiang Daqi discovered the Romance of the Three Kingdoms in Dongyuan generation, and it is inappropriate to designate Luo Guanzhong as Dongyuan. "Fenzhuanglou" was discovered by Zhuxishan people in Guangling. Zheng Zhenduo and other scholars found ghost books in Jiangsu, and Jin Ping Mei was found in Jiexiu. In fact, the place where the novel was discovered and the author's native place cannot be simply equated.

Luo Guanzhong, the author of Romance of the Three Kingdoms, has a native brother named Luo Yi, who is from Qixian County, Shanxi Province.

At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, he was a pawn, and he was promoted to be the head of Qiancheng County, and later he was the magistrate of Qiancheng County. At the beginning of Emperor Jianwen, Luo Yi wrote a letter suggesting that "Duke Zhou should help him become a master" and go to prison. The prince of Yan established an emperor, and Luo Yi was released from prison and became a hereditary Lu Hongdian minister.

Luo Guanzhong lives in rivers and lakes, and it is possible to find Luo Yi, a clan relative who completed the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, The Water Margin and other works in Qicheng generation.

Before 1494, Jiang Daqi was the editor-in-chief of Xun County, Henan Province, and Qianshi was very close to Xun County, Henan Province. It is reasonable for him to get the manuscript of The Romance of Three Kingdoms. It is also possible that Mr. Daqi has already heard about this good book and wants it. After the book was published, it was arranged and prefaced. He thinks that in the books of Dongyuan generation, the author is classified as Dongyuan. Formation theory.

Dongyuan's theory is not credible and cannot be established.

Taiyuan said that the author of Ghost Book was anonymous, and after textual research, the author was Jia.

193 1 year, Zheng Zhenduo and others discovered the sequel of ghost books collected by tianyige, but the second one has not been found in society so far. Maybe the sequel to the ghost book is an orphan.

Jia, a native of Zichuan, Shandong Province, was verified. The writing time of "Ghost Book Sequel" is about from Yuan Dynasty to Jiaqing period (1364) to Yongle Jiaqing period of Ming Dynasty (1424). When they met, Jia himself only knew that there were three operas in Luo Guanzhong, but he didn't know that Luo Guanzhong had completed many titles such as Romance of the Three Kingdoms and Water Margin. It can be seen that these three opera works were completed before the resumption of the meeting, just before the Chinese New Year. Novels like Romance of the Three Kingdoms were written after Zheng Zheng Chen Jia. Therefore, before the Jiaqing Year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty (1424), Jia did not hear or read Luo Guanzhong's novels. The sequel to the ghost book was not recorded.

Jia mentioned in "Continued Ghost Book" that "Luo Guanzhong, a native of Taiyuan, is scattered in lakes and seas, and few people. Yuefu argot is extremely fresh. " The article did not mention "Robben", but mentioned Luo's gender.

Personality, hobbies, talent. "I have been in contact with Yu for 10 thousand years and have suffered a lot." Jia and Luo Nianling are different. Before the Yuan Dynasty, the world was in chaos. People with lofty ideals have joined the society and want to make contributions. They love each other. It may also be that Luo entered the anti-Yuan struggle, Jia lived in the area ruled by the Yuan Dynasty, and everyone had a different political world. "This is just the beginning of the resumed session. I haven't come for more than 60 years, and I don't know where to end. " In Chen Jianian (1364), Luo Guanzhong returned to his hometown and they met again (where? ) Hello again. "Resume" can be interpreted as "regression". 1364, about 2 1 year in Jia and 3 1 year in Luo Guanzhong. 1364, Luo Guanzhong may visit his family and resume meeting with Jia. The resumption time coincides with the 60 years of Jia Chengshu 1424. Luo Guanzhong should be 9 1 year-old Jia. He still dares not admit Luo's death, but uses a skeptical attitude of "I don't know what to do".

Luo Guanzhong left Zhang Shicheng in 1357 and resumed his meeting with Jia in 1364, with an interval of seven years. Maybe he finished several operas in Siming Mountain.

Luo Guanzhong 1366 appeared at Zhao Baofeng's funeral, 1364 resumed, and 1366 was in funeral for two years. Besides visiting relatives, what is the reason to shuttle between the enemy and the insurgents?

Luo Guanzhong and Jia returned to the meeting. "Ghost Book Continuation" records that Jia was a native of Zichuan, Shandong Province. In the early Ming Dynasty, the Jia clan in Shifoyao Village, Qixian County, Shanxi Province obeyed the call of the state. Several families immigrated to Shandong, and one of them moved to Zichuan. Jia people said that Jia in Zichuan, Shandong Province, went back to the stone Buddha kiln in the middle of Qing Dynasty to find his roots. Jia is probably an immigrant from Zichuan, Shandong Province, so he and Luo will meet in Qixian City or Shifoyao Village, Qixian County.

The Zhang Shicheng Uprising took place in 1352, and was put into operation five years later 1357. Luo Guanzhong left Zhang Shicheng on 1357 and lived in four famous mountains in Fang Guozhen rebel army. He has never had any contact with Fang Guozhen, and this place is not under the jurisdiction of the Yuan Dynasty. It is a good place to take refuge. Luo Guanzhong returned to his hometown on 1364 and resumed his contacts with Jia. 1366, he attended the funeral of Baofeng in Cixi County, Zhao.

Zhang Shicheng died on 1367. Legend has it that a bronze inscription stole Zhang Shicheng's two sons and gave them to Luo Guanzhong of Siming Mountain. After 1367, Luo left Siming Mountain and took Zhang Shicheng's two children to join the Jianghu.

During the 32 years from 1367 to 1399, Luo Guanzhong completed more than a dozen novels such as Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Some people say that Luo Guanzhong is a storyteller, but I don't think he is. He makes a living by writing novels and plays.

According to the discovery of Luo Guanzhong's works in various places, he has traveled to many places and left footprints in various places, which is one of the reasons why there are many opinions about his native place. Is consistent. At that time, Jia proposed "Taiyuan people", which was a large area and came from that continent and county, but Jia did not propose it. However, the genealogy found in Wanhe village, the most concentrated village in Roche, includes six empirical studies: sacred paper, beam-protecting signs, tombs, inkstones and plaques. It can be explained that Luo Guanzhong was directly under the jurisdiction of Taiyuan. The mystery of Luo Guanzhong's birthplace, which has been sleeping for 600 years, has finally come to light. The great writer Luo Guanzhong can rest in peace under the grave.