Dai's life experience

Dai is the 57th surname in China, especially in Hubei, Anhui and Jiangsu provinces. Today, Dai accounts for about 0.34% of the national population, with a total population of about 4.3 million.

Dai's name and totem

055-79000 Definition: "Divide things into everyday clothes." Is a weapon, enough to hurt people, "Xun" Oracle Bone Inscriptions glyph like a headdress. Therefore, the original meaning of wearing is gorgeous headdress, which has the original meaning of decoration and beautification, and is also a weapon to protect the skull. At first, the clan who was good at making and liked to wear this headdress was called Dai, and the place where they lived was called Dai. Later, it developed into a country.

Also known as Tongzai, it is a chariot for inserting ge. Later, the meanings of "Dai" and "zai" changed. Dai means "up" and "in" means "down". Later, it evolved into the meaning of loading and handling. Dai built a castle in his residence called Dai Yi. As a headdress, it is very attractive and outstanding. The original meaning of Dai is to supplement things. The extended meaning of headdress, combined with the original meaning, is admiration, support and respect, which has become a commendatory term in ancient slanderous law. "Ten thousand people admire it and wear it on the sun."

The origin and evolution of Dai surname

There are two main sources of Han and Dai surnames: Zi surname and Ji surname.

The first one comes from the surname. Dai Guo, Earl and Ancient City in Shang Dynasty were destroyed by Zhou Wuwang in the southeast of lankao county, Henan Province in the early Western Zhou Dynasty, and later generations took the country as their surname. Wear this name for at least 3000 years.

In the late Shang Dynasty, Wu Ding made his son Song Yu Song, and his fief was in the north of Zhao County, Hebei Province, which is now the country after the Earl. When Zhou Wuwang destroyed the Shang Dynasty, he also destroyed the Song State with the same surname as Wang Shang. In Zhou Chengwang, after Zhou Gongdan put down the rebellion of Wu Geng and Sanjian in Yin Dynasty, together with Ji Sun of Wei State, he sealed the land of the ancient Song State and made it the Duke of Song to serve the Shang heirs. Wei, the eldest son of Di Yi and the younger brother of Shang Zhouwang, made great contributions to quelling the Wu Geng and Sanjian Rebellion in Yin Dynasty. After Ding, the son of Song, succeeded to the throne, Song moved to Shangqiu, the former site of Shang Tang, which is now Shangqiu, Henan. From the seventh generation to the Song Dynasty, Dai Gong loved the people and slandered the ancient law; Everyone admires it and everyone wears it. Wu Gong, the son of Daigong, took his grandfather as his surname, and passed the Song kingdom to his younger brother He Mugong. Therefore, this direct line of Song people after Dai Gong was named Dai, which has a history of at least 2800 years.

The second expenditure comes from Ji's surname. After the collapse of Shang Dynasty in BC 1046, her son Dai Guo was annexed. Her surname was Dai Guo and she was sealed in Dai, located in the east of Minquan County, Henan Province. In the Spring and Autumn Period, it was destroyed in 7 13 BC, and later people took the country as their surname. After the death of Dai Guo, a group of adherents of Dai Guo went south to Daishan, Dangtu City, Anhui Province. This Dai family has a history of more than 2700 years.

Integration of foreign genes

The third branch originated from a foreign nationality and changed its surname. Dai's lineage was relatively simple until Yan changed his surname to Dai and Yin changed his surname to Dai in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Yuan Yin comes from his son's surname, but it has the same origin. In the Qing Dynasty, all clans in the Eight Banners of Manchu Dynasty, such as Dai Jia and Da 'erchong Ashi, changed their surnames to Dai, expanding the Dai family. Most Manchu and Dai surnames were assimilated into Han nationality, and some became Ewenki and Dai surnames. The sudden emergence of Dai surnames in modern northeast China is related to the change of surnames and the integration of foreign nationalities.

The Distribution and Migration of Surnames in Shang Dynasty in History

In the pre-Qin period, Dai was an upper-class figure in the Song Dynasty and was active in Henan. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, Dai Dong moved to Anhui, Shandong, Jiangsu and Zhejiang. During the Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties, the Dai people were widely distributed in the Yangtze River Delta and spread westward to Hubei and other places. In the Tang Dynasty, Dai Sule

There were about 370,000 Dai surnames in Ming Dynasty, accounting for 0.4% of the national population, and it was the sixty-fifth surname in Ming Dynasty. Zhejiang is still the largest province with Dai surname, accounting for about 28% of the total population of Dai surname. The distribution in China is still mainly concentrated in Zhejiang and Jiangxi, and the surname of the Dai people accounts for about 46% of the total population, followed by Jiangsu, Shandong, Anhui, Hubei and Fujian provinces. During the Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties, the Dai population mainly migrated from the north to the southeast. Because the subject of Dai surname has already entered Jiangnan, it has developed steadily for 600 years and its population has doubled rapidly. The whole country is still spreading in three directions with Zhejiang as the center, and A Dai surname population concentrated areas have been formed in Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Hubei, Anhui, Jiangsu, Shandong, Fujian and other provinces. Dai's center of gravity began to shift to northern Jiangsu.

Distribution and Totem of Contemporary Dai Family

The number of contemporary Dai surnames has reached nearly 4.3 million, which is the 57th surname in China, accounting for about 0.34% of the national population. Since the Song Dynasty, the population growth rate of the Dai people has been on the rise for a thousand years. The distribution in China is mainly concentrated in Anhui, Hubei and Jiangsu provinces, accounting for about 34% of the total population of the Dai people, followed by Hunan, Sichuan, Guangdong, Chongqing, Zhejiang and Guizhou, accounting for 36% of the population of the Dai people. Anhui is the largest province with Dai surname, accounting for 12% of the total population. A cluster of A Dai surnames, headed by Jiangsu and Zhejiang in the east and extending westward along the Yangtze River to Sichuan and Guizhou, has been formed nationwide. In the nearly 600 years since the Ming Dynasty, the migration and immigration of Daikou from the east to central China and the west became the mainstream, and the migration to the northeast became a new direction.

The distribution frequency of Dai's surname in the population shows that Anhui, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Hubei, Jiangxi, Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan and Chongqing, Guangdong, Fujian and Taiwan, southeastern Lu Yu, southwestern Shaanxi, Liaoning, southern Jilin, eastern and northwestern corners of Heilongjiang, southeastern and northeastern corners of Inner Mongolia generally account for more than 0.33% of the local population, and the proportion of Dai's surname in the central region can reach 1. To the east of Qinghai Lake in the north and Hengduan Mountains in Yunnan in the south, the distribution ratio of the Dai people in the local population is between 0. 1 1%-0.33%, accounting for about 33.2% of the total land area of the country, and about 23% of the Dai people live here.

Dai traditional culture

The counties in Dai mainly include Guangling and Qinghe. There are Qiao Jun, Guangling, Qinghe, Dubu, Shi Gui and Dunmu. As their surnames. The name of "capital" and "avoid expensive" comes from Dai Liang in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Dai Lianghuai is a genius. His remarks and comments are different, arrogant and lofty. He once said, "I am unique in the world. Who can compare with me? " He refused to accept the local filial name; The court ruled him as an agent and refused to seal him. Because of his talent and fame, the county magistrate forced him to be an official, and he ran to the mountains to hide.

Dai people have five important couplets:

Xi chuan yi Xue; Be good at thinking.

Broken section; Learn to delete articles politely.

JIU· Yin Shi; Five women practice petticoats.

The mountain is high and steep; Yi Xia ju

Allen is a kind and honest man who lives in ancient Gang Wei. He is a famous scholar in Huifa, and he was the ancestor of Dunli.

People in the Xu era, around a hall and family costumes, all regarded Xu Fen as their ancestors.

Dai Yiqing was born in Huzhou, Zhejiang Province in the late Qing Dynasty. His annotation translation of Zhu Bolu's Shuowen was very influential in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. There are 55 articles in the book, and the translation is about 18000 words. Zhu Bolu's first article "Dawn, Sweep the Court, Clean Inside and Outside" notes: "This motto of running a family is the way for sages to get together. The Qi family must start from the combination, and the combination must start from the day, and the day must start from dawn, so the first word starts from dawn. " On the issue of educating children, Dai believes that we should give priority to teaching by example.

055-79000 yuan 175 celebrities with Dai surname, accounting for 0.39% of the total number of celebrities, ranking 60th among celebrities. Famous writers named after Dai account for 0.32% of the total writers in China, ranking 67th. The famous doctor named Dai accounted for 0.32% of the total number of medical doctors in China, ranking sixty-fifth. Artists surnamed Dai accounted for 0.56% of the total number of artists in China, ranking 4 1.

The important figures of Dai surname in history are: Dai Xie, a doctor in the Spring and Autumn and Song Dynasties; The Western Han Dynasty was the Taishou Dade, and Jiujiang was the Taishou Dai Sheng, respecting the imperial history; Situ Daijiu, a Dai Kui native of the Eastern Han Dynasty, was a scholar, sculptor and painter. Tang Dynasty Prime Ministers Dai Zhou and Dai Zhide, poet Dai Shulun and painter Dai Song; Dai Fugu, a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty; Dai Liang, a writer and poet in Yuan Dynasty; Dai Jin, a painter in Ming Dynasty; Dai Zhen, a thinker in the Qing Dynasty, was an editor from 0755 to 79000, a painter Dai Benxiao and Dai, a university student in Lugange, and a mathematician Dai Xu. Dai, president of the National Government Examination Institute of the Republic of China, Kuomintang general, violinist Dai Cuilun and poet Dai Wangshu; Contemporary mycologist Dai Nianci, architect Dai Nianci, crop geneticist Dai Songen, astronomer Dai Wensai, nuclear physicist Dai Chuanceng and jurist Dai Xiuzan.

Wear blood type

The blood types of Dai people are as follows: O type accounts for 34.6%, A type accounts for 29.5%, B type accounts for 27.4% and AB type accounts for 8.5%.