Immigrant waste recovery

Ecological balance refers to the stability of two aspects in the ecosystem: on the one hand, the composition and quantitative proportion of biological species (that is, organisms, plants and microorganisms) are relatively stable; On the other hand, abiotic environment (including air, sunlight, water, soil, etc. ) remain relatively stable. Ecological balance is a dynamic balance. For example, individuals are constantly changing, but overall, the system remains stable and the number of organisms has not changed dramatically.

Project ecological balance (review class)

Huang Jiangsu province high school

First, the college entrance examination ability goal:

1, understand the principle and maintenance of ecological balance;

2. Analyze and solve practical and hot issues in daily life and social development by using the principle of ecological balance;

3. Establishment and principle analysis of artificial new high-efficiency agricultural ecosystem.

Second, methods: Use exercises, ask questions, discuss, practice and other forms to enable students to meet the above-mentioned ability requirements.

Third, the main line: (the internal connection between knowledge)

Fourth, the process:

Physical projector type review questions:

Explain the interaction of various components in the ecosystem. According to the picture, answer:

Question: ① What components of the ecosystem do A, B, C, D and E represent respectively?

② The food chain in the figure is represented by letters, and D is in the first trophic level.

(3) Can the chart represent the energy flow process of the ecosystem?

(4) Can the chart represent the main process of the "C" cycle of the ecosystem? If yes, what are the main physiological processes represented by ① and ②?

When the ecosystem develops to a certain stage, it will reach a state of balance, which is called ecological balance. How to understand it? Ask the students to answer (structure and function keep dynamic balance, and can resist certain external interference and keep their own structure and function relatively stable). If the above picture represents grassland ecosystem, b represents grass, c represents mice and d represents foxes, please draw the curve when the number of mice and foxes reaches balance and explain. Explain why the ecosystem can maintain dynamic balance (because it has the ability of self-regulation). That is, it has a certain resistance to external interference, so that its structure and function remain in the original state. Analyze the following figure:

As shown in the figure: River X passes through industrial city Y, with A as the upstream and D as the downstream.

According to the water quality test results of X River by the monitoring station of Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau in 2000, draw the chart as shown on the right. Please answer the following questions according to the analysis of the chart:

(1) The main pollution sources that cause pollution of X River are most likely distributed in ().

A, ab, b, bc, c, cd, d and BD.

(2) List three pollution sources that may cause pollution of X River.

(3) The pollution degree at D is obviously reduced. Please analyze the reasons from three aspects: physics, chemistry and biology.

Natural ecosystems are complex, and their self-regulation is relatively complex, with different abilities. The following three types of ecosystems: forest ecosystem, grassland ecosystem and arctic frozen original ecosystem are arranged according to their self-regulation ability, and the reasons are explained. Therefore, the most effective way to improve the ability of ecosystem to maintain balance is:

A, increase biological species in food webs, and change abiotic factors in the environment.

C, reduce the number of top consumers d, reduce the number of decomposers.

No matter how strong the automatic adjustment of ecosystem is, there is always a certain limit. When the external interference exceeds this limit, the ecological balance will be destroyed. What are the external disturbances (factors) that destroy the ecological balance? Please answer.

The destruction of ecological balance is often the result of the interaction between natural factors and human factors, and it is usually human factors that strengthen natural factors and cause the imbalance of ecological balance, such as mountain torrents, soil erosion, drought and sandstorms caused by human destruction of vegetation, which has become an important manifestation of destroying natural ecological balance.

The unreasonable use of nature by human beings is mainly manifested in (please answer): deforestation, indiscriminate catching and killing, overgrazing and so on. , leading to the destruction of vegetation and food chain. List phenomena: floods and droughts in the Yangtze River and Yellow River basins, sandstorms in the north, etc. For example, the grassland ecosystem mentioned above, if we kill carnivores such as foxes and weasels at will, what will lead to a sharp increase in the number of rodents, leading to grassland degradation and desertification? Let the students continue to complete the drawing.

The environmental pollution caused by the development of industry and agriculture is mainly the discharge of "three wastes" in industry, and a large number of fertilizers and pesticides are used in agriculture. So human factors are the main factors here. For thousands of years, human beings have been demanding from nature, and human production activities are increasingly interfering with the balance of natural ecosystems. Although mankind often wins the conquest of nature, nature has begun to retaliate against us. Please look at the following two groups of materials:

1. Read the following materials and answer related questions:

During the period of 1998, a basin-wide flood occurred in the Yangtze River. Its water volume and peak height are almost the same as those at 1954, but the water level exceeds the highest in history, causing great losses to people's lives and property on both sides of the strait. This situation is directly related to the ecological environment. According to statistics, in the past 30 years, the forest coverage in the Yangtze River basin has been reduced by half, the area of soil erosion has doubled, and the area of lakes in the middle and lower reaches has been reduced by 45%.

(1) Deforestation leads to floods. Please explain the role of forests in preventing floods.

(2) The decrease of lake area is also an important cause of flood. What are the important functions of lakes in flood control?

(3) The occurrence of disasters shows the ecological environment and ecological balance, and nature has begun to retaliate against human beings. What should we learn from the painful lesson?

Second, acid rain was first put forward by British chemist R. A smith 1872, which generally refers to rain, snow, fog and other atmospheric precipitation with pH less than 5.6.

Material 1: Acid rain will corrode the leaves of plants. Large-scale acid rain in a certain place will lead to large-scale extinction of watermelon.

Material 2: Acid rain will precipitate cations from the leaves, leading to the rapid loss of magnesium, iron and calcium plasma in the soil.

Material 3: Aluminum is an element harmful to organisms. It exists in soil in the form of alumina and is almost insoluble at pH 5.6. When pH is 4.6, the solubility increases by 100 times, and it is converted into aluminum sulfate. Results 96% of Pinus armandii died in a forest farm in Sichuan.

Material 4: Students from a science and technology team in a school regularly collect acid rain samples and measure the pH value to get the following data:

time

begin

8 hours

16 hours

24 hours

32 hours

40 hours

48 hours

Patient History

5.0

4.8

4.5

4.3

4.2

4.0

4.0

According to the material answer:

(1) Acid rain is caused by the increase of SO2 in the air caused by the burning of a large number of fossil fuels in industrial production, which is combined with precipitation. SO2 mainly affects the whole process of human respiration.

(2) Acid rain corrodes the leaves, resulting in a large number of crop failures. This kind of behavior that destroys the ecological balance belongs to ()

A, natural factors B, food chain destruction C, environmental pollution D, vegetation destruction

Acid rain drains iron from the soil. When plants are deficient in iron, the young leaves are pale yellow or lemon, while the old leaves are still green. The reason is ()

A, the young part grows vigorously and needs more iron than the old leaves. Iron moves easily from new leaves to old leaves.

C, iron forms insoluble compounds, and D cannot be reused. The ability of young leaf cells to absorb iron is weaker than that of old leaves.

(4) The total energy flowing through the ecosystem is. Therefore, a large number of plants are killed by aluminum sulfate, which will eventually threaten the survival of mankind.

Therefore, under the premise of following the law of ecological balance, we should maintain the balance of the ecosystem and treat the destroyed ecosystem.

(1) The state attaches great importance to environmental protection. After the flood, a series of measures were taken, including formulating a national ecological environment construction plan, requiring all localities to protect forest resources, stopping deforestation in the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River to facilitate afforestation, stopping deforestation and occupying land, and making arrangements for strengthening the construction of water conservancy facilities, "returning farmland to forests", "returning farmland to lakes" and "building towns by immigrants".

(4) What is the relationship between mountain management and water control? What are the philosophical principles?

(5) What contribution will you make to the protection of "Mother River"?

(2) (5) According to your biological knowledge, put forward a reasonable suggestion to prevent acid rain.

Therefore, human beings must have a clear ecological view in production and life, and must emphasize the unity of economic benefits and ecological benefits; Only by paying attention to ecological benefits can we maintain lasting and stable economic benefits; Only by combining economic benefits with ecological benefits can we rationally develop and utilize natural resources and protect the natural environment to the maximum extent.

Of course, maintaining ecological balance is not only to maintain the original stable state of the ecosystem, but also to establish a new ecological balance under the premise of following the law of ecological balance, so that the ecosystem can develop in a more favorable direction.

Thinking after class:

1, the following picture shows that farmers in the Pearl River Delta have made full use of natural conditions and established unique fish ponds dominated by sugarcane and mulberry trees in this area. Please answer according to the picture:

(1) The most basic biological factor of this artificial ecosystem is that, in order to make it develop stably for a long time, all kinds of organisms should have stable sources.

(2) The purpose of establishing this ecosystem is to make producers have fixed energy; The reason for its high energy utilization rate is its nutritional structure characteristics.

(3) Silkworm dung and sugarcane leaves were used by mulberry sugarcane base after entering the fish pond. Ammonia in silkworm dung is formed by action and absorbed by plants.

(4) Generally speaking, the maintenance of ecosystem function depends on it.

2. The picture on the right shows the results of scientists' investigation on the changes of forest, grassland and desert areas in northern China, which is very helpful to analyze the sandstorms that have occurred many times in northern China since this spring.

(1) Please analyze the relationship between vegetation and sandstorm formation according to the survey results.

(2) Please put forward measures to control sandstorms according to the principle of ecological balance.

3. To implement the western development, we should earnestly protect and build the ecological environment, vigorously plant trees and grass, control soil erosion and prevent desertification.

(1) From the analysis of ecological factors, the abiotic factors that must be solved first to improve the ecological environment in the western region are.

(2) The ecological principle of "returning farmland to forest and grassland" is to improve the ecosystem. The key to protecting the environment and maintaining ecological balance is protection.

(3) The recent frequent sandstorms and mud rains in Beijing and other places mainly come from the Loess Plateau and Inner Mongolia, indicating that forests and other vegetation play a very important role in other aspects.

(4) Desertification has accelerated the further loss of biodiversity in the west, because.

(5) Weeding and pest control should also be done for cultivated land in the west. From the perspective of energy flow, the purpose of weeding and pest control is

Chemical pesticides should not be sprayed in large quantities in pest control measures. One way to control the use of chemical pesticides is to replace chemical pesticides, and the other way is to transform them into crops through genetic engineering to form new insect-resistant crop varieties.

Structure and function of ecosystem

be relatively stable

dynamic balance

The concept of ecological balance

Have the ability of automatic adjustment.

Principle of ecological balance

(The automatic adjustment ability is large or small, and there is a certain limit)

External interference exceeds this limit.

Destruction of ecological balance

(Nature retaliates against mankind)

Follow the law of ecological balance

maintain

manage

Establish a new ecological balance

natural cause

human factor

(strengthening)

* * * For the same purpose

Man's unreasonable use of nature.

Environmental pollution caused by industrial and agricultural development

Cut down trees

Catch and kill indiscriminately

Overgrazing, etc

Discharge of industrial "three wastes"

The use of pesticides and fertilizers in agriculture.

Urban area of y city

Leave downtown y city

a

b

c

d

X

contamination degree

Different river sections

Correct pollution degree

a

b

c

d

fabrication plant

Sanki

Sugarcane base

fish pond

silkworm cocoon

sugarcane

organic substance

fish

Pond silt

Pond silt

Silkworm dung

Sugarcane leaf

1987 1996

1987 1996

1987 1996

60-

40-

20-

Time (year)

Area (ten thousand hectares)

lawn

forest

desert