Historical evolution of Tingzhou

In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it was called Tingzhou Prefecture, and it belonged to eight counties: Changting, Liancheng, Ninghua, Liu Qing, Guihua, Shanghang, Wuping and Yongding.

When Tingzhou was established in the Tang Dynasty, Fuzhou and Fuzhou opened mountains to establish states. Therefore, Linchuan, Ji 'an and Ganzhou in Jiangxi, east of northern Guangdong, west of Yanping, north of Longyan, south of Jianning and Shaowu are called Tingzhou. To this end, it is not limited to eight counties such as Changting.

Changting: Located in the upper reaches of Tingjiang River in western Fujian, it is one of the famous historical and cultural cities announced by the State Council. Xinluo County in Jin Dynasty was located in Changting in early Tang Dynasty, which was equivalent to Tingzhou in Tang Dynasty. Therefore, from the prosperous Tang Dynasty to the late Qing Dynasty, it has always been the seat of the state, the road and the government, and it is also one of the main settlements and birthplaces of the Hakka people. It is called "Hakka Base Camp" and "Hakka Capital". The long history has left Changting with rich cultural heritages, such as the towering Sanyuan Pavilion, the ancient city wall built in the fourth year of the Tang Dynasty (AD 769), the unique and rare "Double Yin Pagoda" and the ancient wells in the Tang and Song Dynasties. There are also revolutionary sites: the former site of the Soviet government in Fujian Province, the former site of the Central Red Army Hospital, the Gospel Hospital, the former residence of Zhou Enlai-China Christian Church, and the former residence of Liu Shaoqi-No.204 Shuidong Street. All these are enough for people to appreciate the historical elegance of Tingzhou ancient city, and international friend Alley praised it as "one of the two most beautiful mountain cities in China". Ting is a flat land near the water, and Ting Zhou is a place with green grass, which means prosperity. China has a profound culture, a long history and a world-renowned reputation. Tingzhou culture is the most important part of China culture. In the mountainous area of southwest Zhejiang, ravines are criss-crossing, the mountains are blocked by water, Tingzhou people are far away from the market, and the green cradle still inherits the Millennium civilization of the ancient Central Plains.

Tingzhou people are mostly Hakkas. Hakka, a distinctive Han nationality, is also a widely distributed and far-reaching Han nationality in the world. Ancestors lived in the Yellow River valley, and the Huang family in Yunhe County, Zhejiang Province still uses the hall name of "Jiangxia County" (Jiangxia County, Hubei Province). In the late Western Jin Dynasty and the late Tang Dynasty, because of the war, they went south in large numbers. 12 In the 1970s, the Southern Song Dynasty perished, and some of them crossed South Asia and set foot in Europe and America. In this great migration that lasted for thousands of years, a large number of ancestors moved into Tingzhou, Fujian to settle down. At the end of Ming Dynasty and the beginning of Qing Dynasty, in Chuzhou, a mountainous area in southwest Zhejiang Province, the population was greatly reduced due to the long-term war. The local government went to the counties of Mintingfu, where the land was narrow and densely populated, and the teeth grew day by day, attracting a large number of villagers to come and plant indigo (dye) on the mountains. Yunhe retained the village name of "Indigo Castle". During the Kanggan period, poor farmers in Changting, Shanghang and Ninghua counties set off a wave of emigration to Nanshan District in southwest Zhejiang. Later, immigrants did not plant indigo, but started a foundation.

In the forty-one years of Qianlong, there were about 230,000 Tingzhou people and their descendants in the mountainous areas of southern Zhejiang, and nearly 654.38+10,000 people in the mountainous areas of western Zhejiang. In Yunhe, Suichang, Xuanping, Tangxi and other counties, its population is close to or exceeds the local population, forming a population reconstruction. Up to now, many villagers in Suichang, Yunhe, Songyang, Longquan and other counties in Lishui City still speak Tingzhou accent, which is called "Tingzhou accent" and still retains Tingzhou customs. According to the census data, there are more than 30 surnames of Tingzhou in Lishui, with a population of 100,000, which are widely distributed, especially in Dayuan, Chishi, Kubei and Zhucun areas in Jinshuitan reservoir area, especially in Niutoushan area on the north bank of Longquan River. It is estimated that the total number of "Tingzhou people" in China is more than 10 times that of Lishui language family.

Hundreds of years ago, immigrants from western Fujian rebuilt a Tingzhou in the mountainous area of southern Zhejiang. The "Tingzhou Prefecture" in Fujian has long since disintegrated, but thousands of miles away in Zhejiang, people are still calling for the warm and friendly name "Tingzhou people". Tingzhou dialect is a kind of Chinese dialect, which still retains more ancient Chinese phonology.

Tingzhou culture has distinct characteristics different from Chuzhou local culture.

It has a longer history and cultural heritage. Yunhe County was built in Jingtai of Ming Dynasty for three years (1452), only 500 years ago, and Tingzhou people can continue their own culture from Tang and Song Dynasties. According to historical records, when Emperor Taizong Yunhe and Huang Zai were in (888), there was an official named Ge Lang, who recorded the culture and traditions of that year in words and has continued to this day. According to the Tu Family Tree of Wuguitang in the 30th year of Qing Guangxu in Da Nan Shan Village, during the reign of Wu Zongding in the Southern Song Dynasty (1302), Liu Lang and his three sons traveled to Fushoufang in Changting, then Guanggui moved to Da Nan Shan in Longmen, Chuzhou, Zhejiang, and their ancestors all knew the rhythm. Its unique Tingzhou style suona has been passed down to this day.

It has a broad cultural heritage of the Central Plains. She nationality is a minority in China, and its life tradition is mainly concentrated in the cultural aspects such as costumes, stoves and folk songs, so it is stingy. However, Tingzhou people have a huge group, and their traditional culture is magnificent and broad, with high taste, such as fame culture, ancestral temple culture, marriage culture and sacrifice culture. "Yunhe Huang Genealogy" records that three brothers, Xin Chou's, were the top scholar and the second son Fu Ping, and explored flowers and assisted Zheng * * * to enter the family. In eight years (984), Huang was admitted to the Imperial Examination. There are courtiers praising poems, which shows its majesty: "The Yellow River is clear several times, and there is no such honor in the world. A thousand miles of Zhu Zan meets five horses, and a yellow list is divided into three. Kuixing went to the Golden Que last night, and Zaogai holds the Imperial Capital today, winning the second place in the top ranking, and all flower seekers are brothers. " A remarkable feature of Tingzhou ancestral temple culture is "broadness". Shipai village Huang Ancestral Hall in Shanghang Town is the ancestor of Yun and Huang. Although it is separated from Qian Shan by a river, Huang's representatives often went to worship their ancestors from the Kangxi period, and the annual memorial day was grand, reaching 200,000 yuan. In Tomb-Sweeping Day in 2007, more than 30 tables of clansmen paid homage together in Yunhe and Nandong Huang Ancestral Hall. Among the suona qupai in Tingzhou, such qupai as "Your Legend" and "Killing Sacrifice Tune" obviously retain the characteristics of the Central Plains art, and are bold and heroic.

The remarkable advantages of Tingzhou culture not only inspired Tingzhou people's own entrepreneurial innovation, but also profoundly influenced the cultural customs of Chuzhou local residents. Its unique folk culture and industrious and simple entrepreneurial spirit have become valuable humanistic wealth in Chuzhou. Exactly: Zhiting Lanou River on the shore, a stranger in Dai Yueli, has a long musical rhyme and is a monument to loyalty.