What should children do if they often cough?

Parents should first know more about the medical knowledge about children's cough, so that when dealing with children's diseases, they can know that children's cough brings endless troubles to parents. Drugs for cough are overwhelming, but it is difficult to stop children's cough, which affects the rest of children and parents. Some coughs spit out everything they eat, and parents' hearts make their children's coughs sound tight. A Chinese medicinal composition for drug therapy, dietotherapy, physical therapy and atomization therapy. What parents are most concerned about and need to solve is how to stop coughing. ◎ Why do children cough? Cough in children is a symptom and a protective reflex. The "garbage" in the respiratory tract is removed by coughing. Cough is often accompanied by expectoration, and sputum is "garbage". Therefore, coughing is a good thing, don't treat it. No, when there is no "garbage" in the respiratory tract, there is only congestion and edema, or the cough center is in a state of high excitement for a long time due to long-term cough stimulation. At this time, coughing is not a protective reflex action, so you should take the initiative to stop coughing. Even if it is protective, if the cough is serious and affects sleep and eating, it should be treated. Cough treatment also includes expectoration. Therefore, cough treatment is not simply taking cough medicine. First of all, we should analyze the primary factors of cough. Only by treating the cause can we get good results. ◎ Treat respiratory tract infections caused by various viruses, bacteria and other microbial infections according to the etiology. If the infection is confined above cricoid cartilage (above pharynx), it is upper respiratory tract infection; If the infection develops below cricoid cartilage (below pharynx), it is lower respiratory tract infection, that is, trachea, bronchus, alveoli and interstitial lung infection. If you use the image of a big tree as an analogy, turn it upside down, and the upper respiratory tract and roots are above the roots. The trunk is trachea, the branches are bronchus, the petiole is bronchus, the leaves are alveoli, and the gap between the leaves is interstitial lung. The whole respiratory tract can be invaded by various external factors, resulting in pathological changes. These external factors are not only viruses and bacteria, but also various microorganisms, as well as various physical and chemical factors and environmental factors, or the pathological changes of respiratory mucosa caused by viruses, bacteria and various factors can not be improved with the death of viruses, bacteria and various microorganisms, leading to the damage of respiratory mucosa's own function, thus forming a lasting cough. So this is the crux that even very advanced antibiotics are difficult to treat cough, and the function of respiratory mucosa itself must be improved. Cure the cough. ◎ The diseases that cause cough are frontal sinusitis, sinusitis, rhinitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis, bronchitis, bronchiolitis and pneumonia from top to bottom. According to the disease spectrum, there are whooping cough, whooping cough syndrome, cold, flu, upper respiratory tract infection, allergic cough's disease, bronchial asthma and cardiogenic cough. According to the type of cough, it can be divided into peripheral cough and central cough. According to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, it is divided into: damp-heat cough, cold asthma cough, fever cough, cold cough and so on. In the treatment of these diseases, cough treatment is an auxiliary treatment, and the weight of cough treatment cannot be added to cough medicine. Frontal sinusitis, sinusitis, rhinitis and pharyngitis are all difficult diseases and belong to the category of otorhinolaryngology. However, most children are treated in pediatric internal medicine outpatient department, which is easy to be misdiagnosed. Parents should think of seeing an otolaryngologist to get rid of the cause of cough in time. Even cough caused by tracheitis and pneumonia does not necessarily have active infection. For chronic cough, there is no need to use antibiotics or even antiviral drugs for a long time. In the absence of bacterial or viral infection, long-term use of antibiotics can only increase the side effects of drugs, such as leukopenia, flora imbalance, impaired gastric function, loss of appetite in children, etc., which is not desirable. At this time, the treatment should focus on the protection, repair and functional recovery of respiratory mucosa. For example, taking vitamin AD capsules is beneficial to the repair of intima, drinking more water, proper indoor air humidity, improving ciliary movement function, making sputum dilute, easy to discharge, fresh air, reducing indoor dust and physical and chemical factors, and contributing to the recovery of respiratory intima function. The misdiagnosis rate of allergic cough in allergic cough is amazing. It is a persistent inflammatory reaction caused by antigenic or non-antigenic stimulation, and children often have persistent or recurrent severe cough. If this cough is not diagnosed and treated in time, about 42.9% children will have asthma symptoms and even develop bronchial asthma. How to identify children allergic cough? Allergic cough can occur in children of any age, with recurrent or persistent cough for more than one month. The onset is not limited to winter and spring, but more common at night and in the morning. Cough is aggravated when exercising or crying. Most children's coughs are irritating coughs with phlegm. There is usually a family or personal history of allergies. Most children have a history of infantile eczema and allergic rhinitis in infancy. Antibiotics and cough medicine are ineffective. How is allergic cough treated? Shuchuanling and ketotifen are effective drugs. Generally, cough symptoms can disappear after taking it for 2-5 days, and some children need to cough for half a month to one month after taking it continuously. Ketotinol should be maintained for half a year, and salbutamol should be maintained for half a month after cough symptoms disappear. Allergic cough in children is a common disease, also known as "cough variant asthma", but it has not been paid enough attention by doctors and parents. The misdiagnosis rate is as high as 95%. Many children are treated as upper respiratory tract infection or bronchitis because of chronic or repeated cough. They have been treating cough for a long time. All of them use antibiotics and cough medicine in large quantities, which not only delays the illness, but also causes the abuse of antibiotics and the increase of drug resistance. Combined use of several antitussive drugs can not significantly improve cough. For such a long cough, if you use ordinary antibiotics and antitussive drugs, you can't relieve the symptoms. Besides other organic diseases, parents should think that their children may have allergic cough's disease. If early detection and proper anti-allergic treatment can be realized, it will help to reduce the sensitivity of children's respiratory mucosa, thus preventing them from developing into asthma. On the other hand, if the symptoms are treated blindly, the disease will develop and may eventually develop into asthma, which will seriously affect the physical and mental health of children. ◎ Selection of antitussive and expectorant drugs Children are generally not suitable for using central antitussive drugs, such as codeine, Kebiqing and coumarin. Infants and young children have immature respiratory system, poor cough reflex, narrow airway lumen, rich blood vessels, poor ciliary movement and difficult sputum discharge. If they cough, they will be given powerful antitussive drugs. Although the cough stopped temporarily, the sputum transport function of ciliated epithelial cells on tracheal mucosa and the contraction and peristalsis function of bronchial smooth muscle were affected. Federal cough syrup contains codeine, so pay attention to the dosage and time. Generally, this cough medicine can be used for severe irritating dry cough. But it should be used on the basis of treating the primary disease. Suitable for children to choose antitussive drugs with expectorant and expectorant effects. Syrup is superior to pills. After taking it, the syrup adheres to the pharyngeal mucosa, which weakens the stimulation to the mucosa and can achieve the purpose of relieving cough by itself. Do not dilute or take with water. According to TCM theory, cough can be divided into hot cough, cold cough, cold cough and internal injury cough. When choosing traditional Chinese medicine cough syrup, because of its different properties, it can be divided into four types: cold, hot, warm and cold, and should be taken according to symptoms. Shedan Chuanbei liquid has the effects of expelling wind, relieving cough, resolving phlegm and resolving hard mass, and is mainly used for wind-heat cough, excessive phlegm cough and so on. Cough due to wind-cold, white and thin phlegm, and heavy night and light day are not suitable for use. Compound loquat cream has the effects of clearing away lung heat, relieving cough and resolving phlegm, and is suitable for wind-heat cough, dry throat and cough discomfort. Fresh bamboo juice is cold, which has the functions of clearing away heat, moistening lung, resolving phlegm and relieving cough. Suitable for dry cough, yellow phlegm with blood, not for cold cough. Drugs for relieving cough and asthma are too hot to be suitable for children with fever, cough and blood in sputum. In addition, pertussis syrup is mild in nature and suitable for cough caused by cold. If it is a cough caused by wind-heat cold, it should not be taken. Cough due to deficiency syndrome is mostly chronic cough, accompanied by fatigue, sweating and cold limbs. At this time, Guilong Kechuan Pill and Gushen Kechuan Pill should be used. There is also a commonly used cough medicine-cold cough syrup, also known as finagle syrup, which mainly relieves cough, takes into account phlegm and has a calming effect. Suitable for cough at night, affecting sleep and bronchitis caused by allergy. Children should master the dose. When treating cough, don't take antibiotics for a long time, but find out the cause. On the basis of treating the primary disease, choose the appropriate cough-relieving and expectorant drugs, and pay attention to nursing. Children's bronchitis is mostly acute bronchitis, mostly caused by virus infection. Generally speaking, the condition is not serious. Although there are fever, cough, dry cough and even expectoration, they usually recover within 7 ~ 10 days. But bronchitis can recur and even turn into bronchopneumonia. Infants with left-to-right shunt congenital heart disease, such as ventricular septal defect, atrial septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus, etc., are usually more prone to recurrent bronchitis. Bronchitis caused by Bordetella pertussis is characterized by paroxysmal spasmodic cough and spitting. Usually a sudden cough, followed by crow-like echo, and even cough and cyanosis. Due to the universal vaccination of DTP-DTP, whooping cough is rare now, and the disease is much lighter, and the course of disease is less than 100 days. Children's bronchitis rarely develops into chronic bronchitis, let alone pulmonary heart disease or bronchiectasis. Generally speaking, children's bronchitis has a relatively good prognosis and is easy to treat and recover. Nursing measures 1. Children who rest and keep warm should reduce their activities and increase their rest time. When lying in bed, their heads and chests should be slightly raised to make them breathe smoothly. Indoor air is fresh, maintain proper temperature and humidity, and avoid convection wind. 2. Ensure adequate water and nutrition supply, encourage children to drink plenty of water, and replenish them intravenously when necessary. Give a digestible and nutritious diet, and it is advisable to eat liquid or semi-liquid when you have a fever. 3. Keep your mouth clean. Because children have fever, cough and sticky phlegm, severe cough can cause vomiting, so oral hygiene should be maintained to increase comfort, stimulate appetite and promote the excretion of toxins. Infants can feed proper amount of boiled water to clean their mouths after eating. Older children should rinse their mouths in the morning, after meals and before going to bed. 4. Fever care If the fever is not high, no special treatment is needed. Physical cooling or drug cooling measures should be taken to prevent convulsions (refer to the second section of this chapter for high fever nursing). 5. Observe the nature of respiratory secretions and whether they can effectively cough up sputum, so as to guide and encourage children to cough effectively; If the sputum is sticky, the humidity of the sick room can be appropriately increased, and the indoor temperature can be kept at about 60% to humidify the air and dilute the secretions. Ultrasonic atomization inhalation or steam inhalation can also be used; For children with cough weakness, it is advisable to change positions frequently and pat the back, so that respiratory secretions can be easily discharged and inflammation can be dissipated; If secretions affect breathing more, use aspirator to expel phlegm in time to keep the respiratory tract unobstructed. People with cough and asthma can take oxygen. 6. Health education should strengthen nutrition, properly carry out outdoor activities and do physical exercise to enhance the body's adaptability to temperature changes. Increase or decrease clothes according to the temperature change to avoid getting cold or overheating. During the epidemic of respiratory diseases, don't let children go to public places to avoid cross-infection. Actively prevent malnutrition, rickets, anemia and various infectious diseases, vaccinate on time, and enhance the body's immunity. To treat cough, we must first judge whether the disease that causes cough itself is serious. You can cough occasionally when you have a cold, so make soup with white radish. If you cough with thick phlegm, you can take drugs that dilute the secretion, such as ammonium chloride 1/3 ~ 1/2 tablets, 1, three times a day; Brown mixture 1 ml/year, three times a day; Fresh bamboo juice 5 ~ 10 ml, 3 times a day; Qutanling: 5 ~ 10 ml, 1 3 times a day. At the same time, it can be combined with anti-inflammatory drugs, such as amoxicillin granules 1 ~ 2 bags, 1 three times a day; Reforest 0.5 ~ 1.5 bags, 1 3 times a day; Erythromycin ethylsuccinate granules or tablets 30 mg/kg daily, taken orally for 3 times. However, for children with poor constitution and loose stools, fresh bamboo juice and expectorant spirit should not be used. If cough is accompanied by high fever, pay attention to whether there is pneumonia and take the child to the hospital for treatment. If you cough for a long time and lose weight with low fever, you should go to the hospital to check whether there is tuberculosis. If the cough occurs when crying, laughing or eating, accompanied by shortness of breath, you should immediately pat the child's chest and back and take a bow position to help cough up the choking foreign body. 1. Children have a cold and cough. Most of the sputum is white foam, and the cough is heavy and turbid. Wind-induced cough is characterized by less phlegm, empty cough and itching. Your child's bronchitis after catching a cold has never recovered, which belongs to wind-cold blocking lung. Children's cough is extremely complicated, cold is accompanied by heat, and both exterior and interior diseases occur. If the sputum is heavy and turbid, and you have asthma, you should first use Naibili to dilate the bronchi, and then use Chinese medicine to adjust the sputum, but never take tonics. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treats cough by TCM syndrome differentiation, and the effect is ideal. If you have asthma, you can treat it by combining traditional Chinese and western medicine. At present, she should avoid cold food. If she is allergic to high protein, she shouldn't eat seafood or chicken. You can make almond milk tea for her (almond milk). Peel American almonds, add water, stir and filter, and make tea. After heating, add honey and a little yam powder to drink. Cough is the most common respiratory disease in children, and almost all lung diseases have cough symptoms. Chinese medicine believes that children cough and the lesions are in the lungs. The main causes of children's cough are the delicate and frequent deficiency of the lungs, as well as internal deficiency such as unstable exterior and weak anti-evil ability. Clinically, it is often seen that many children can't adapt to the sudden change of climate and have repeated colds and coughs. These children have poor adaptability to the external environment and weak resistance, and are particularly vulnerable to infection by various pathogenic factors. In addition to the immature stage of children's growth and development, most of these children are partial to sweets, greasy, too warm at room temperature, or too fond of clothes and ducks, which affects their self-cooling ability, thus forming a constitution of lung and stomach heat accumulation. Such children are prone to annoying crying, blushing cheeks and restless sleep. It is cold at night, characterized by fever, runny nose, cough, sore throat and difficulty in expectoration. Some children, due to improper diet, eat cold drinks and ice food, and gradually form anorexia with coldness and spleen injury. Because of long-term loss of appetite, spleen and stomach weakness, digestion and absorption function weakened, nutrition can not meet the needs of the body, resistance decreased. At this time, if you are exposed to exogenous pathogenic factors, it is easy to cause a cold. The disease recurs, often with stuffy nose, runny nose, cough and phlegm. Anti-inflammatory drugs, antitussive and expectorant drugs are not effective, so the course of disease is prolonged. It can be seen that it is very important for parents to feed their children reasonably. For children with colds and coughs, parents should pay attention to the following points: First, in the flu season, the course of children's fever, cold and cough is longer. After diagnosis and treatment, the doctor should take medicine and care at home according to the doctor's instructions. Don't increase the chance of repeated infection because your child has a fever and goes to the hospital repeatedly. Second, in the early stage of the child's cold, when the condition is not serious, you can give the child some cold medicine first; When the fever reaches above 38.5℃, take antipyretics in time, try to rest quietly and drink plenty of boiled water. When the illness gets worse, you should go to the hospital for treatment in time. At this time, don't handle it yourself, especially don't take adult drugs casually. In addition, parents' care for their children is very important. Children can sit and play without being forced to sleep. Children with vomiting and diarrhea should be fed liquid food on the first day. For children with general fever and cough, we should eat some delicious, light and nutritious diets, and we must give them a hot diet in winter. Noodles and sliced soup are good. Fever and sweating consume a lot of body fluids. Drink more water and juice and eat more fruits. Don't take a bath when the child is sick, because taking a bath will make the blood circulation stronger, which is not conducive to peace and will catch a cold again. Children with excessive phlegm will indeed increase their secretions because of bathing, but only after a week of illness, if they have a slight cough in the morning and have a good appetite, they can take a bath before going to bed without a fever. If you sleep well, you can wash it every other day. There are several common ways to treat cough by decocting pear crystal sugar in water: first, decocting pear almond crystal sugar in water to treat wind-heat cough; First, the orange peel pear, white radish and brown sugar are decocted in water to cure cold and cough; First, pears are fried with Fritillaria cirrhosa and rock sugar, which are used for dry cough, chronic cough and less phlegm in sick children. Have a certain curative effect. Children who cough for more than three weeks should see a doctor at any time. If the child coughs for more than three weeks, parents should pay attention and consult a doctor. Cough is common among children, but parents should not take it lightly. Wang, a famous pediatrician in Singapore, wrote in the latest issue of the Hospital News of Niashan Hospital that cough itself is actually a physiological function, which can help children to remove excess secretions and foreign toxic substances from the respiratory tract. However, persistent cough did not bring this benefit to children. Dr. Wang stressed that parents should provide doctors with detailed medical records of their children's cough, which will help doctors make a correct diagnosis and prescribe the right medicine. On the other hand, doctors believe that parents should also be provided with knowledge about children's cough. In some cases, this may be the only treatment without any drugs. Dr. Wang also listed all possible reasons for children's persistent cough, as follows: Repeated upper respiratory tract infection: As the name implies, this is a cough caused by children's respiratory tract infection. Because they may be infected by different viruses, the symptoms are good and bad. This is also a common reason for children to cough continuously or occasionally. For this reason, most children who have cough problems go to child care centers, where everyone can easily infect each other. Dr. Wang said that sometimes children's siblings have cough problems first, and then they go to the child care center and then infect other children. These children also have symptoms of cold and fever. An effective way to treat cough is to isolate children from their kindergartens or schools for a period of time to prevent the spread of cough. Doctors will also give antibiotics to children when necessary. Cough after virus infection: this phenomenon can be said to be a continuation of the above reasons, and it can not be cured after two or three weeks. Children who usually cough for this reason are not serious and have little effect on children. In addition, children can sleep at night without being affected, even if they cough during sleep, it is very mild. This cough will only become obvious when the child is exercising vigorously or crying. Dr. Wang said that children don't need to take medicine for this reason, and doctors should explain it to parents. Bronchial asthma is a common disease in children. Dr. Wang said that bronchial asthma is a common disease in children, but it is often underestimated or overdiagnosed. Almost every child who coughs for a long time is told by the doctor that he may have asthma. These children usually have a so-called night cough, which is now called cough asthma. These children looked normal when they were examined, and there was nothing unusual when they were X-rayed. Older children can have lung function tests. When doing this examination, it may show that he has slight signs of small airway hyperactivity, or no signs. The most common night cough is in the first two hours after sleep. The worst time for coughing is 7: 00 pm to 9: 00 pm and 6: 00 am to 8: 00 am. In the period of rapid temperature change, there is no obvious difference in the number of coughs, so children's cough is not caused by cold temperature and low air humidity. Children with cough and asthma are treated with bronchodilators and sometimes inhaled corticosteroids. However, a recent study shows that persistent cough and severe cough should be treated by doctors. The main symptoms of the common cold and flu are stuffy nose, runny nose and high fever. Babies sometimes vomit and diarrhea. The symptoms of flu are more obvious than the common cold. Can cause chills, headaches, sore throats, joint and muscle aches, and high fever. At this time, we should pay attention to keep quiet, eat digestible food and fully replenish water. Usually let the children develop the habit of washing their hands and gargling after returning home. Bronchitis, laryngitis (asthma) Bronchitis usually occurs after a cold. Cough, expectoration, fever and other symptoms will occur, but if there is no secondary infection of bacteria, don't worry too much. Laryngitis can be characterized by hoarseness, severe cough and throat wheezing. At this time, pay attention to the dryness in the room, keep quiet and talk at any time. Children's asthma Children's asthma has external causes (such as pollen and dust) and internal causes (inflammation). Allergens should be found and treated for exogenous asthma. Asthma is easy to attack in the middle of the night, so consult a doctor when you have difficulty breathing. Asthma patients should pay special attention to the cleanliness of their living environment. In addition, it is also important to wipe your body with a dry cloth or enhance your physical strength by swimming. Infantile pneumonia has symptoms such as loss of appetite, high fever, cough, diarrhea, vomiting and spasm. This situation must be treated by a doctor. Besides keeping quiet at home, we should also give digestible and nutritious food enough water. In addition, we should also pay attention to the cleanliness of the mouth and body, so that children can discharge sputum. Children with tuberculosis usually have no symptoms at the initial stage. If the tuberculin test is positive, it should be treated immediately. If the treatment is too slow, sometimes there will be complications such as miliary tuberculosis and tuberculous osteomyelitis, which should be paid special attention to. If someone in the family has tuberculosis, the baby should be tested for tuberculin reaction within 2 ~ 3 months after birth. Pertussis has cold-like symptoms first, then spasmodic cough, and the frequency will gradually increase. Sometimes, due to a severe cough, the face will swell up. Infants and young children are at risk of pneumonia, so special attention should be paid. In addition to paying attention to the environment and nutrition, it is necessary to do isolation treatment for about a month, and regular cough attacks will stop. Handling when coughing If you cough badly, lean forward. When you feel very painful because of a bad cough, you can lean forward on the table and support him with your hands behind your back. Keep your head up when you sleep, so as to prevent severe cough and attack. Carrot soup can cure whooping cough. Children with weak constitution often eat carrots, which will be very helpful to improve their physique. As a medicinal material, the dried fruit of jujube has the function of nourishing and strengthening. When a child suffers from whooping cough, you can add some dates to carrot soup for him to drink. Carrot soup is cooked with120g carrots and ten dates in three cups of warm water (about1500g). You can drink the soup13. Steamed pears with honey can prevent asthma attacks. Before the onset of asthma, there is usually a whole sputum and a sudden cough. If phlegm can be stopped at this stage, its attack can be stopped. Pear has long been a panacea for relieving dry mouth and pain caused by colds and tonsils. However, boiling pears with honey or in an iron pot is very effective in preventing asthma attacks. In addition, the juice squeezed from pears also helps to relieve cough and resolve phlegm. Pear soaking in sugar is a specific medicine for treating chronic cough. Huali was a specific medicine for chronic cough a long time ago. In addition, it also has an effect on restoring fatigue. For some children who are prone to physical exhaustion and asthma when they are tired, they can often be given it as a preventive measure. The fruit of Huali pear is astringent and sour, and it will be hard to eat raw. You can give the pickled pear to your child, which is not only sweet, but also easy to eat. It is better to take one tablet every day.