When will the second phase of low-rent housing in Jinyu Community of Yuyang District Housing and Construction Bureau stay?

It is expected to be in April next year.

Low-rent housing is a safeguard measure to solve the housing problem of the urban poor in Chinese mainland.

According to CCTV reports, a family once rented a 35-square-meter low-rent house in 67 yuan every month.

China's low-rent housing is only for rent, not for sale, but for the lowest-income urban residents. Take Shanghai, where the low-rent housing policy has been promoted well, as an example. In April 2003, the standard of low-rent housing was raised from less than 5 square meters per capita to less than 6 square meters per capita. From June 5 to April 38, 2003, the appraisal standard was raised to below 7 square meters again. At the same time, the old model workers and key entitled groups whose per capita living area is below 7 square meters and their per capita monthly income is lower than that of 570 yuan are also included in the scope of low-rent housing.

Compared with another housing security measure in China-affordable housing, there are the following differences in management mode, object and housing:

low rent house

Affordable housing houses are newly-built houses, while low-rent housing houses are diversified, including newly-built houses, vacant buildings, dilapidated houses and old public houses. Low-rent housing is for rent only, but affordable housing is for sale. Renting is for the urban poor, and only a nominal rent is charged; Affordable housing can reduce the construction cost by means of land, tax policy support, controlling building standards and limiting profits, and sell it to urban residents who can't afford commercial housing at a price lower than the market price.

According to the Notice on the Parallel Operation of Public Rental Housing and Low-rent Housing jointly issued by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, the Ministry of Finance and the National Development and Reform Commission (Jian Bao [2065 438+03] 178No.), since 20 14, public rental housing and low-rent housing have been operated in parallel in various places, and they are collectively referred to as public after the merger. [ 1]

Foreign situation

In today's world, the housing problem plagues people in almost all countries. Even in developed countries, "home ownership" is not something that everyone can achieve on their own. However, in these countries, the government has summed up rich experience and policies in this important aspect of people's livelihood. A few days ago, the Ministry of Construction of China explicitly requested that before the end of 2008, all cities and counties in China must establish a "low-rent housing" system.

United States of America

The "low-rent housing" in the United States can be concentrated in a certain area of the city, which is called "public construction"; It can also be scattered among different ordinary renters, owned by the head of the household, but receiving government rental subsidies. These two kinds of "low-rent housing" have various forms and can meet the needs of families of different sizes. Its housing maintenance and living standards are the same as ordinary rental housing, so "low-rent housing" is not necessarily synonymous with slums.

All American individuals and families who can prove that they are in the low-income line only need to pay 30% of their total income for renting houses and utilities, and the government will make up the shortfall. For example, if a family's monthly income is $426, and the monthly rent of the house they choose to live in is $550, then they should pay the rent of 104 (plus utilities will not exceed 30% of their income), and the remaining $446 will be paid by the state to the owner of the house.

The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban-Rural Development requires low-income people to submit written applications to provide complete and true income and family members, such as age (for the elderly) and health status (for the disabled). The low-income standard is based on the average income of the applicant's location. There are10.3 million families living in "low-rent housing" in the United States.

Owners who have houses for rent may voluntarily provide their own houses to the regional housing bureau and accept the inspection of the houses by the bureau. After meeting the safety and comfort standards, they can accept the lease of tenants. With the government's preliminary investigation of renters, low-income families can also relax their contracts.

Landlords can't raise rents without authorization, and they can't easily drive away tenants and rent them to people who are willing to pay high prices. Generally speaking, the relevant audit is very strict.

Disadvantages: the dependence of homeowners and renters on government funds hinders urban renewal, and the bureaucracy in the government also makes the review process lengthy, and many people have waited in line for months without getting an answer.

France

Compared with the United States, France's "low-rent housing" not only develops early, but also has an amazing number. About14 people in France live in "low-rent housing". Due to the difficulty in obtaining loans for buying a house in France, the high interest rate and the high property tax, many people do not buy a house and will not move out after living in the government-subsidized "low-rent housing".

Different from the United States, the management and audit of "low-rent housing" in France is delegated to local governments, and the waiting time of applicants is shorter than that of Americans. Another difference is that the rent of "low-rent housing" in France is fixed and the government provides subsidies. Many people can live in the "sky-high" mansion in the urban area with very little money, which is extremely comfortable.

France's "low-rent housing" can be subsidized by the central government during the construction process, but it will be managed by the "low-rent housing management office" under the local government after completion. According to the regulations, on the one hand, the office strictly controls the housing, and most of the "low-rent houses" are only rented and not sold; On the other hand, let the public know about the rental situation of "low-rent housing" and accept public supervision. Except for immigrant families with low income or families with many children with heavy family burden, the "upper limit" of the beneficiaries of "low-rent housing" is those low-level civil servants with relatively low income.

Disadvantages: The lease term of "low-rent housing" in France is permanent. After a low-income person rents a "low-rent house", he can still occupy the house for a long time even if he becomes prime minister in the future. Other people who are in urgent need of housing may not get a house because of this.

Canada

In Canada with better welfare, the policy of "low-rent housing" is roughly the same as that of the United States. However, on 20 1 1, the government added a large sum of money as related subsidies, which enabled more families to join the "affordable housing plan", that is, they could live in a suitable house with only 30% income in five years.

The Canadian government invested in the construction of large apartment buildings as "low-rent housing" for the public. In Ontario alone, there are 270,000 "low-rent houses".

Disadvantages: Too concentrated public * * * "low-rent housing" makes super-large buildings easy to become hiding places for criminals and drug dealers.

Singapore

In Singapore, a large part of residential buildings are state-owned. Singapore Real Estate and Development Committee divides "low-rent housing" into two grades. Families with a family income of S $800 or less only need to pay 65,438+00% of the total income as rent; Families with an income of S $ 800- 1500 spend 30% of their income on rent. The Committee also plans to expand investment and build new properties for rent, which are mixed with commercial houses to balance the humanistic living conditions of the community. The Committee will also transform some vacant multi-bedroom buildings into small units with 1 or 2 bedrooms, so that more families can rent houses, and the rent will be closer to their income.

Japan

Japan's "low-rent housing" first takes care of the needs of single mothers, the disabled and the elderly. The difference is that the rent is not charged according to the income, but according to the cost and facilities of the house. Therefore, it is not a real "low-rent house", but more in line with the Japanese "public house".

There are more than 2.2 million "low-rent houses" in Japan, accounting for 4.7% of all houses, and there are also a large number of houses for the middle class to live in and buy. Another feature is that more than 50% of Japan's "low-rent housing" is concentrated in Tokyo, Osaka and Nagoya.

The object of low-rent housing is some people who have just had unstable work and life or some young couples with one or two children. These people just work long hours and have poor purchasing power, but they are not very particular about their living conditions. Low-rent housing just meets their needs. People who can really afford a house basically start from people in their thirties and forties, and they also borrow a lot of money. Japan's interest rate is low, and the relative loan interest rate is not very high, only about 1%. After paying the down payment, you basically only need to use the rental money to repay the loan every month.

Although I bought a house, it doesn't mean that the more houses, the better. Japanese apartments have a useful life and need to be demolished or renovated. This part of the cost needs to be shared equally, so even if the low-rent housing is cheaper, it is enough to buy a house. No one thought of buying more sets for rent. Moreover, the depreciation rate of houses in Japan is similar to the rent. Once the house of the person who once lived changes hands again, the value will drop.

2 Policy system

edit

In the eighth part of the report of the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, Hu Jintao put forward: "Efforts should be made to make all the people learn to be educated, get paid for their work, get medical care for their illness, provide for their old age and live in a proper place". At the same time, it also puts forward: "Improve the low-rent housing system and speed up the solution to the housing difficulties of urban low-income families." This is the first time that the report of the party congress specifically mentions the housing security system, and it is also the first time to talk about the security methods and security objects. This means:

First of all, it shows that the ruling party pays more attention to livelihood issues such as "living in peace". House prices are rising, and people are under increasing pressure. While emphasizing education and medical care, the report of the party congress also includes housing security, which reflects the concern for people's livelihood and respect for public opinion.

This statement also shows that China's housing security system has undergone major adjustments.

Since the "housing project", housing security in China has been carried out for more than ten years. For more than ten years, the focus of housing security work has been affordable housing ("housing project" is its predecessor). Until now, in the housing security policies introduced by various places, affordable housing is still in the forefront. Whether it is support or construction scale, affordable housing is much higher than other affordable housing such as low-rent housing and double-limited housing. However, in the report of the 17th National Congress, we only saw low-rent housing, but did not mention affordable housing. At the same time, the object of protection has also changed from the original "low-income families" to "low-income families".

This policy adjustment began to take shape in the State Council's Opinions on Solving the Housing Difficulties of Urban Low-income Families. In this Opinion, low-rent housing has become the first choice for housing security, while affordable housing has retreated to the second place, and the object of housing security has also begun to shrink to "low-income families with housing difficulties". The shift of this policy was confirmed by the most authoritative in the report of the 17th National Congress, which confirmed the important position of low-rent housing in housing security.

The way of guarantee and the object of guarantee are two core contents of the guarantee system. These two adjustments mean the rational and pragmatic adjustment of China's housing security system.

Affordable housing has been criticized since its birth. At first, it was only the theoretical level that was questioned. For example, affordable housing, a semi-planned and semi-market-oriented commercial housing, will interfere with the normal order of the real estate market, and the protection of "supplementary suppliers" is unfair. In practice, people find that there are more problems with affordable housing, the most fatal of which is that it is very difficult to identify the qualification of buying a house. The government is unable to examine many applicants, so many local governments entrust the qualification examination to developers, which leads to the ineffectiveness of the examination procedure, so there is a phenomenon of driving a private car to live in affordable housing. Later, people found that although affordable housing is much cheaper than commercial housing, real low-income families still can't afford it, even if they have the opportunity to buy it. In addition, how to transfer affordable housing is also a thorny issue.

In theory, there are many people who are eligible to buy affordable housing, but in fact only a small part of them can be bought. For the majority of "low-income families" who intend to buy affordable housing, the guarantee effect is actually "lip service but not real", and the government is really unable to guarantee the housing of so many people. The controversy gradually extended to two questions: First, is the housing security standard too high? Should we guarantee "real estate" or "housing compensation" Second, is the scope of housing security too large? Who should be given priority in housing security? More and more people of insight believe that the first choice of housing security system should be low-rent housing, and affordable housing should gradually fade out of the housing security system; Moreover, middle-income families should not be included in the scope of protection, and low-income families with housing difficulties should give priority.

These opinions were finally adopted by the highest decision-making level. Obviously, the guarantee standard of "having a place to live" is "having a room to live", and low-rent housing is the concrete embodiment of this standard. At the same time, the target of protection will eventually shrink to low-income families with housing difficulties. The benefits of this adjustment are obvious: first, the way of "demand side supplement" is more fair; Second, "good steel is used in the cutting edge", and the government can use limited resources and financial resources to those who need it most; Third, the difficulty of qualification examination is greatly reduced. Because the number of qualified applicants has been greatly reduced, the workload of examination and determination has also been greatly reduced. Moreover, low-rent housing without property rights also avoids a lot of "speculation".

According to the requirements of the Ministry of Construction and other relevant departments in the State Council, all localities have accelerated the construction and implementation of low-rent housing. In the "Opinions" issued by the State Council, there are many rigid requirements for the construction of low-rent housing, especially in ensuring the funds for the construction of low-rent housing, which are very specific. But the effect is not significant. Many local governments are not active in the construction of low-rent housing and the implementation of low-rent housing system, which obviously does not meet the requirements of the State Council and the spirit of the report of the 17th National Congress. This situation should be changed as soon as possible.

New management regulations

The Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, the Ministry of Civil Affairs and the Ministry of Finance jointly issued a notice to make relevant provisions on the problems existing in the management of low-rent housing in some places. Clear low-cost housing families to buy other housing, should go through the formalities of low-cost housing exit; Cheat low-rent housing security, malicious arrears of rent, long-term vacancy without justifiable reasons, illegal subletting, lending, exchange, transfer of low-rent housing, etc. , you can take back low-rent housing.

benefit system

low rent house

Low-rent housing (2 sheets)

The welfare characteristics of low-rent housing determine that it is obviously different from the development and operation of ordinary commercial housing. However, it is precisely because of these characteristics that the development and operation of low-rent housing are facing new difficulties. Low-rent housing has always been one of the important housing systems in China real estate market. Although it has been established for a long time, due to various factors, its development degree is limited, which has become one of the key problems of the current structural imbalance of the real estate market.