Single player game: forward space scout

It is generally believed that the dominant operational style of future wars is information warfare. How to keep the advantage in the future war and win the information war has become a common concern and research topic for military strategists all over the world. The U.S. Department of Defense has determined that digital information technology is the focus of U.S. military equipment development, and the U.S. Army believes that digital battlefield and digital troops are the two pillars supporting information warfare. Digital battlefield refers to the application of digital information technology to the whole battlefield, so that highly integrated combat groups and scattered combat units form an organic whole through advanced command networks. Digital troops are troops equipped with digital information systems.

The equipment of digital troops is not a new weapon, but consists of various advanced digital electronic devices such as command, control, communication, battlefield reconnaissance, detection and early warning, and electronic countermeasures. The main battle weapon with computer as the core and improved, enhanced and informationized by digital technology and equipment. The communication, command and control of the integrated system network are the key points in the development planning of the U.S. digital forces, that is, the battlefield is from the rear high-level command organization to the front individual soldier, from the long-range combat troops to the mobile combat troops, from the tactical weapon platform to the strategic reconnaissance satellites. , are connected by digital information system (that is, computer) and digital communication system, forming a crisscross battlefield information network. Establish a near real-time information link between functional areas and combat troops, realize the convenient exchange and sharing of digital information on the Internet, and finally realize the high integration of command, control, communication and intelligence of troops.

The US Army established the first digital test battalion in March 1994, and conducted the advanced combat simulation confrontation test in the National Training Center in April of the same year. Although there are still some problems in the experiment, it has achieved great success. Three months later, the US military organized the battalion to hold an exercise codenamed "Desert Hammer 6" in California. In this exercise, the soldiers were equipped with M 16A2 automatic rifle with night vision function and PVS-7 night vision eyepiece. A TV camera with 8 mm lens was installed on the left side of the helmet, and a microcomputer was fixed in front of the right eye. The microcomputer itself can use the global satellite positioning network system as guidance and positioning. The dexterous computer controls the keyboard on the right side of his armed belt. When the soldier presses the keyboard, he can transmit the battlefield situation he thinks is valuable to the Bradley chariot in real time. The microcomputer he carries can also store eight battlefield photos and four written reports of the camera at the same time for transmission when necessary. The results of these two tests and exercises show that the digitalization of troops can improve the lethality and survivability. Information transmission is more timely and accurate, the transition to the joint combat system is smoother, and the time from sensor to shooter is greatly shortened.

After the establishment of the digital experimental camp, the US Army can be said to have the prototype of a digital force. The next step is to realize the digitalization of troops below the brigade, the digitalization of horizontal connection of weapon platforms and the digitalization of individual soldiers.

For a long time, the C3I equipment of the subordinate units of the U.S. Army basically has no digital capability. Therefore, the U.S. Army has focused on the digitalization of C3I equipment at or below the brigade level, and implemented an equipment architecture that integrates five functions: command and control, digital communication, intelligence/electronic warfare, global positioning and friend-or-foe identification. 2 1 Century Army brigade and below combat command system is mainly composed of brigade and below command and control system, inter-vehicle information system, battlefield information transmission system and individual C4I equipment.

The command and control system of brigade and below can quickly transmit the data received by the ground station from satellites, reconnaissance planes and ground reconnaissance systems to the weapon platform through the digital system to help the shooter find and destroy the target in real time. Inter-vehicle information system can communicate the direct contact between vehicles, exchange information, maximize the effectiveness of weapons and achieve the best coordinated operations. Battlefield information transmission system is based on tactical Internet, which consists of traditional single-channel ground and airborne radio system (SINCGARS), enhanced positioning and reporting system (EPLRS) and mobile user system (MSE). Individual soldier C4I system, also known as individual soldier digital equipment, can transmit digital information among soldiers, between soldiers and other weapon platforms and command posts, and help soldiers to identify the direction, identify the enemy and ourselves, and shoot accurately. Therefore, the C4I system for individual soldiers is the key system to provide soldiers with digital equipment and connect them to the digital battlefield, which is the inevitable trend of the digital battlefield.

The function and position of 2 C4I system for individual soldiers

Individual soldier system refers to all equipment that individual soldiers wear, use and consume in tactical environment, namely individual soldier protection, individual soldier combat weapons and individual soldier communication equipment, including helmets, body armor, individual soldier firearms, "three defenses" equipment, computers, radios and other equipment from head to toe. It regards the individual soldier as the weapon platform of the whole combat system, and plans and designs it from the perspective of man-machine-environment as a whole. Individual C4I system, usually called individual command, control, communication, computer and intelligence, is the core of individual system. Individual soldier system consists of computer, radio and software. Individual soldier C4I system can organically combine soldiers, weapons and protective equipment to form a complete and reasonable system and a perfect integrated man-machine system, which can quickly and accurately process and transmit information and provide reliable basis for superiors to understand, master and accurately judge the battlefield situation. Individual weapons and team weapons can be used to deal with single or cluster living targets, light armored vehicles and armed helicopters. When equipped with information attack weapons, it can destroy or interfere with the enemy's information system; Using its protective clothing, it has the functions of bulletproof, fireproof, thermonuclear, infrared, laser and biochemical weapons.

Individual soldier C4I system is an objective requirement to realize battlefield integration. The future digital battlefield requires all functional units, even individual soldiers, to be integrated through battlefield integrated communication and information network, so that all functional areas can better coordinate and support each other. C4I system for individual soldiers also helps commanders to implement, adjust or make operational plans quickly and correctly, and make correct decisions on operational actions. Digital equipment can enable soldiers to obtain accurate, basic, direct and constantly updated battlefield information in any complex situation, especially in special combat conditions where some mobile heavy weapons are sometimes difficult to reach, and can also tell individual soldiers where they are at any time to help them determine the position of enemy targets. Because the digital individual information is dexterous and quick, it can accurately judge the battlefield situation, thus improving its response speed. Every soldier with digital equipment can become a battlefield scout, can quickly and accurately transmit illustrated information to commanders, and can realize all-round intelligence reconnaissance and transmission means. Soldiers equipped with GPS can apply for combat support or combat service support from the rear at any time according to operational needs, which is convenient for combat service support and battlefield treatment.

In the future digital battlefield, soldiers are no longer isolated people, but a node, a terminal and a C4I system in the battlefield information network. Soldiers have stronger combat effectiveness, comprehensive protection ability, battlefield survivability and greater interoperability and coordination with combat systems than before. Individual soldier C4I system is an indispensable part of future digital battlefield.

3 the architecture of individual soldier system

3. 1 Origin of the US Army's "2 1 Century Ground Warrior" Program

In the late 1980s, the US Army put forward the "Soldiers Modernization Plan", in which the key project was the "Soldiers Integrated Protection System" (SIPE). The U.S. Army invested120,000 USD, and started the technical pre-research from 1990, and carried out "from1September 1992 to165438+1October". The demonstration clarified the structural module of the "soldier system" for the first time, which made the "soldier system" take shape. Although the prototype has many shortcomings in weight, volume and power consumption, the "soldier system" is completely feasible in technology. This is the first time in history that soldiers are treated as a system. At the same time, the United States implemented the "soldier enhancement system" plan, which aims to turn the appropriate technology proved by the "integrated soldier protection system" into a system for equipping troops.

1993, the U.S army renamed the "soldier enhancement system" as "265438+20th century ground soldier", which included a series of sub-plans beyond the scope of the "soldier protection system" with a larger scale. "Soldier System" will use microelectronics technology as a node to be integrated into the digital C4I network. At this time, the core part of the "arms system" is called the "second generation arms system". The US Army regards the "2 1 Century Ground Warrior" project as a short-term project that makes full use of the existing technology, and regards the "Second Generation Soldier System" as a long-term system.

In 1996, the US Congress objected to the above arrangement of the Army, arguing that it was a waste to equip the transitional first-generation system first and then the second-generation system, and that the two parallel "soldier system" plans tended to cause some confusion, requiring the Army to develop a system that was more capable than the recent system and could be put into use earlier than the long-term system. At the request of Congress, the U.S. Army proposed to merge the "2 1 Century Ground Warrior" program and the "Second Generation Soldier System" program into a unified research work, referred to as the "Ground Warrior" program.

In order to ensure the completion of the soldier modernization plan as scheduled, the US Army has set up a soldier system command to plan, develop, order and manage the soldier system in a unified way, so as to improve the combat capability of soldiers. Natick Research, Development and Engineering Center, headquartered in Massachusetts. System contractors include a joint development team of Hughes Aircraft Company, Motorola Company, Gentex Company, Battelle Company, Arthur D.Little Company and Honeywell Company.

The production of "Ground Warrior" system is planned to start in 1999. It is estimated that there will be 620 sets in fiscal year 1999, 430 sets in fiscal year 2000 and 890 sets in fiscal year 200 1 with a total cost of about 2. In the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2000, the first batch of "Ground Warrior" systems will be equipped with a battalion, and by 20 1 1, 34,000 soldiers will be equipped with "Ground Warrior" systems.

3.2 Composition of Integrated Protection System (SIPE):

The comprehensive protection system aims to protect soldiers from all kinds of hazards on the battlefield and improve operational efficiency. The system consists of five subsystems:

(1) computer/radio subsystem

The computer/radio subsystem includes 386S processor, GPS receiver, camera/compass module, digital radio and general software. It can calculate the trajectory of individual weapons, automatically draw up tasks, and transmit the captured real-time information to the helmet display.

(2) Integrated helmet subsystem

The integrated helmet subsystem includes helmet shell, support device, image enhancement video amplifier, helmet display, peripheral hearing device (artificial ear), helmet control device, protective mask and power supply. Its function is to provide communication between soldiers, enhance soldiers' hearing, connect weapons, improve soldiers' night vision ability, output images of computers and thermal cameras, prevent bulletproof and laser blindness, and protect respiratory and auditory systems.

(3) Weapon subsystem

The weapon subsystem includes M 16A2 rifle, thermal imager, AIM- 1D laser aiming light source for night engagement and long-distance monitoring device. The remote hearing aid device is installed on the top of the front bracket and the rear bracket of the rifle. Soldiers can use artificial ears to judge the general direction of the threat, and then turn the weapon sight to detect it.

(4) Advanced uniform subsystem

Advanced military uniform subsystem includes military uniform, bulletproof vest, bullet bag, gloves and new combat boots, which has the functions of bulletproof, chemical warfare agent prevention, fire prevention, thermonuclear prevention, infrared surveillance prevention and laser protection.

(5) Microclimate regulation/energy subsystem

The microclimate regulation/energy subsystem includes an active cooling vest; Firefighting and chemical extinguishing gloves; A fireproof jacket that is semi-permeable to liquids and aerosols in the environment; Anti-chemical leggings sleeved outside the integral combat boots; Anti-chemical steam shirt; Surrounding microenvironment adjustment devices (filters, blowers, exhaust devices, armor, etc.). ).

3.3 Composition of the Second Generation Soldier System

The second generation soldier system is realized on the basis of "integrated protection system". Compared with the "integrated protection system", the second generation soldier system plan is smaller, lighter and probably more effective. Some improvements have been made in image alignment, speech recognition and resolution of helmet display. The "Second Generation Soldier System" also consists of five subsystems.

(1) computer/radio subsystem

The computer/radio subsystem is a voice-activated safety device, weighing 0.9 ~ 1.8kg, excluding external connectors, and measuring 5 1× 152×203mm. The computer adopts Intel SL enhanced 80486 processor, runs at 25MHz, and has 16mb read-only memory and 170mb hard disk, which can provide information storage and display, provide interfaces for various sensors, provide position/navigation data through inertial navigation instruments connected with global positioning system (GPS) receivers, and provide wireless transmission of sound, data, digital reports and images. With this system, soldiers can report real-time battlefield information to commanders at any time.

(2) Integrated helmet subsystem

The integrated helmet subsystem weighs 2.3 kg, and is based on the helmet shell, and is equipped with communication equipment, hearing enhancement equipment, integrated night vision/night motion sensor, high-resolution display, etc.

(3) Weapon interface subsystem

The weapon interface subsystem obtains the input information from the ideal individual combat weapon or combined weapon system, and transmits it to the display of the integrated helmet subsystem, so that soldiers can directly see the aiming division from the display.

(4) Protective clothing subsystem

Protective clothing subsystem can protect soldiers from biochemical weapons, light weapons and debris, and reduce infrared traces found by the enemy. It also includes a bearing device for carrying standard integral ammunition.

(5) Microclimate air conditioning subsystem

Microclimate air conditioning subsystem is an independent refrigeration subsystem, weighing 4.5 kg. Its purpose is to improve the durability of soldiers on the battlefield, especially in hot weather. The thermal balance can be maintained for 4 hours, and the cooling power is 300W W W.

3.4 Composition of "Ground Warrior" System

The merged "Ground Warrior" system still consists of five subsystems (omitted).

(1) computer/radio subsystem

The computer/radio subsystem is the command, control, communication, computer and intelligence subsystem of the soldier system. It is the core of the soldier system, a tool for soldiers to closely connect with the future digital battlefield, and an important system to realize battlefield information collection, transmission, processing, display, decision-making and control.

The subsystem includes computer, soldier radio, team radio, global positioning system with integrated navigation system, hand-held flat panel display, video interception equipment, interface compatible with combat radio identification and so on.

Based on the open structure design, the system is fully integrated into the wiring harness system, connected with all electronic components in the "ground warrior" system, and has the ability to capture and transmit static pictures. Connected with laser range finder/digital compass, semi-automatic indirect fire support requirements can be put forward.

The computer adopts Pentium 75MHz processor, 32MB random access memory, 340MB hard disk drive and 85MB flash memory system, and has a modular and extensible architecture. The weight of the computer is 1. 125 kg, and the volume is 10.6×7.0× 1.7 inch. The computer can obtain a single frame video image or thermal image from the "Ground Warrior" sensor and compress it for transmission by the radio station. The application software provides semi-automatic reports, and the information set compatible with the army's digital research work in 2 1 century is applied. Computers can handle map and location information processing, report generation, complex power management, and provide an interface for controlling the whole subsystem.

Soldier radio is based on the radio technology of commercial personal communication system, which provides three-level encrypted data transmission, provides intra-class radio communication for infantry, and enables individual soldiers to connect to tactical Internet. Soldier radio station works in L-band 1775 ~ 1850 MHz. It uses minimum shift keying modulation and TDMA to connect to the network, and can communicate with three people at the same time. The data rate is 64kb/s, which can transmit text and image data. Transmission power 1 watt, communication distance 1 km. The soldier radio station weighs about 0.3 kg, its working temperature is-15℃ ~+49℃, and its volume is 4.5×3× 1.5 inch.

The frequency shift radio station can be compatible with the improved SINCGARS wireless network and can work in single channel mode and frequency hopping mode. The working frequency band is 30 ~ 80 MHz, and the communication distance is 5 kilometers. It can transmit plain text, confidential text and data. The frequency shift radio station weighs about 0.3kg, its working temperature is-15℃ ~+49℃, and its volume is 5.5×3. 1× 1.0 inch.

The GPS receiver adopts P/Y code with 5 channels, which can be upgraded to 12 channels, and can provide military grid coordinates, universal horizontal axis Mactor grid coordinates/unified spherical projection grid and latitude and longitude position data. The GPS receiver can be made into a watch to wear on your wrist, or a card to be inserted into your computer.

Computer data network can also improve the battlefield support ability. For example, soldiers can accurately report their coordinate position through the data network after being injured, and can request the logistics emergency center to send images of first aid knowledge, receive treatment guidance, and take some first aid measures before the doctor arrives.

Handheld flat panel displays can be used as system input systems.

The system interface has VGA or RS- 170 as the interface with helmet or handheld display with touch screen; Thermal imaging weapon sight or camera as video input interface; Radio interface; 4-channel laser detector, PCI and ISA expansion bus, keyboard/mouse, RS-232 interface and Ethernet.

(2) Protective clothing and personal equipment subsystem

Protective clothing and individual equipment subsystem includes advanced vehicles, modular body armor, biochemical protective clothing, gloves, boots and other existing clothing and individual equipment. The back frame of the back strap is soft and suitable for human body size, and the frame and load-bearing device are also places where metal wires are placed. The back frame is not only the carrier of computer/radio, but also the carrier for placing and protecting wires. Computer and radio components are easy to replace quickly and conveniently. The knapsack system can be quickly reorganized to meet the needs of different tasks. The subsystem adopts modular design, which is convenient to improve the functions and materials of each component.

(3) Software subsystem

The software subsystem includes tactical software and mission support software. These softwares connect the soldier system with the digital C4I system through a flexible user interface, which greatly improves the work efficiency and combat capability of soldiers.

The core functions of tactical software include understanding the operational environment (positioning/navigation, digital map display, position data, laser detection and alarm), command and control (command and control information, chart display and processing), fire planning and control (army fire planning, rough minefield protection, fire detection and control interface). In addition, it also includes communication management, equipment management, workstation management, data service, display management/user interface, task support and training management functions.

Communication management includes connection detection, information processing/analysis program, file transfer, address management and e-mail.

Equipment management includes energy management, control panel management, radio station management, system diagnosis, card and socket equipment management and system driver management.

Workstation management includes initialization, anti-virus function, channel control and soldier/task assignment.

Data services include directory management, coordinate transformation, desktop management and clock.

Display management/user interface includes X-Windows graphical user interface, which is helpful for system and user alarm management.

Task support includes planning module, report module and report module.

Training management includes computer-based training and reference data display.

The functions of task support software include task planning, task analysis, task data utilization and user interface.

The mission plan includes digital map, public storage/chart, mission support data, help module, information template, soldier distribution and digital operation structure.

Task analysis includes obtaining positioning data records and video processing.

Task data utilization includes directory management, coordinate transformation, desktop management and drawing tools.

The user interface is a friendly graphical user interface.

(4) Integrated helmet subsystem

The integrated helmet subsystem includes suspended light helmet, helmet display, image enhanced video amplifier, laser detector, chemical/biological mask, bulletproof/laser eye protection device, head direction sensor and so on.

The integrated helmet subsystem can be used as the interface between soldiers and other systems in the digital battlefield, and can provide soldiers with bulletproof function and high-fidelity visual and auditory battlefield information, which can be used day and night and in nuclear, biological and chemical environments.

The helmet is made of advanced materials, light in weight, shock resistant, adjustable, fixable and hung.

Monocular display reduces weight and energy consumption, allows direct observation by naked eyes, and can adjust vision in the dark. In order to use flexibly, a pop-up design is adopted. The display data comes from computer, thermal imaging weapon sight and video sensor. Video mode selection includes thermal imaging weapon sight, camera and computer. Mechanical and electronic compatibility between day and night displays. The resolution of monocular display is 640×480, the field of view is 30 degrees, and the image intensifier tube is 25 mm.

The electronic equipment is designed by VLSI, which can be used without computer/radio, and the electronic equipment displayed day and night can be universal.

Laser detectors can detect threats in 360 battlefields.

(5) Weapon subsystem

Weapon subsystem includes laser rangefinder, digital compass, wired weapon interface/wireless weapon interface, camera, modular weapon system, thermal imaging weapon sight, melee optical sight, infrared laser sight, other existing weapons and accessories, ideal individual combat weapon, etc.

Laser rangefinder/digital compass can accurately locate and indicate shooting, and the accurate location can reach 2500 meters.

The camera is used to show the hit after the weapon is launched. Television images have a high resolution of 370 lines.

Thermal imaging weapon sight can be used for rifle aiming day and night, and the image is displayed by a monitor fixed on the helmet.

Melee optical sight is a kind of red dot sight which ignores the difference and is only used for aiming and shooting.

The infrared laser sight can aim at the target 600 meters away, which can be seen from the display of the night vision detector fixed on the helmet.

The ideal individual combat weapon will replace the existing 5.56 mm M 16 rifle.

Integrated navigation system

In the "Ground Warrior" program, the US Army adopted the idea of "spiral development" by gradually absorbing new achievements. At present, the original navigation tools such as map, compass, gait and GPS are being improved, and an integrated navigation system for individual soldiers is designed.

Integrated navigation system includes GPS and dead reckoning module. Dead reckoning module (DRM) integrates modern low-power electronic components into a miniaturized component, which replaces the compass and meets the walking requirements of soldiers. Its design can free the hands of soldiers. Kalman filter uses the data of the estimated positioning module and the information of GPS to balance the weaknesses of other sensors with the advantages of one sensor to form an integrated navigation scheme. When other position sensors are unreliable or unavailable, integrated navigation design provides automatic selection of navigation data sources. This design also provides manual selection or non-selection of navigation sources.

The dead reckoning and positioning module developed by American cutting-edge research company is selected as the system to provide the comprehensive navigation capability of "2 1 century army ground warrior". 1996, the cutting-edge research company signed a development contract with Motorola to embed the dead reckoning module into the "ground warrior" system.

4. 1 Hardware of calculation positioning module

Dead reckoning and positioning module consists of two circuit boards clamped together, forming a 1.9×2.9×0.6-inch module with a weight of 1.4 oz (about 40g). Its working voltage is 2 ~ 5V, and its power consumption is about 0.5W ..

One of the two circuit boards is an analog circuit board and the other is a digital circuit board. The analog circuit board includes three-axis magnetometer, three-axis accelerometer, temperature sensor and barometric altimeter. The magnetometer measures the geomagnetic field and provides a three-dimensional vector corresponding to the dead reckoning module. The accelerometer performs two functions, one of which is to determine the horizontal plane so that the dead reckoning module only observes the horizontal component of the magnetic field. This is important because the vertical component of the magnetic field is very large. If the vertical component is used for direction determination, a small tilt of 1 will lead to a direction error of almost 2.

The accelerometer is used to determine the further time. Every step forward, the body moves vertically. This vertical movement measures the vertical acceleration filter through the accelerometer and calculates the soldier's forward speed. In order to eliminate false detection (such as immobility) in normal body movement, a threshold is set.

Dead reckoning module has RS-232 serial interface for communication. The computer-dead reckoning module link enables the computer to control the dead reckoning module through defined data packets. Once the dead reckoning module is powered on, it begins to send position information. If the host does not provide a location, the reported location is the initial location plus the update when the slave positioning module is turned on. If the initial position coordinates are obtained from GPS or operator records, then the position report is an estimate of the soldiers' current coordinates. When accurate GPS positioning is obtained, the estimated positioning module is used to determine the step size and direction, which are used as correction constants.

4.2 Replacing Ground Warrior Hardware

The computer and embedded GPS plug-in of the "Ground Warrior" system will be integrated into the backpack carrier, and the GPS antenna will be located on the soldier's shoulder. For evaluation and proof of concept, a small reinforced 486Pen computer is used as the ground warrior computer. The computer runs integrated navigation software under Microsoft Pen Windows operating system. Computers can also be used as data recorders. Another ground warrior receiver is the Precision Lightweight GPS receiver (PLGR).

4.3 Working mode of integrated navigation

There are four main working modes of integrated navigation: integrated mode, autonomous mode, GPS mode and power outage mode. Dead reckoning and positioning module supports integrated mode and independent mode. Integrated navigation provides mode management, which is obvious to soldiers. According to power consumption, navigation sensor status, required position, navigation accuracy and mission conditions, the ground warrior system will be automatically placed in the optimal navigation mode.

Integrated mode: Integrated mode uses Kalman filter and GPS and calculates the benefits of positioning and navigation. When soldiers walk, GPS provides accurate position estimation. In the process of soldiers walking, the calculation and positioning module estimates the position according to the walking pace, initial step value, compass direction and initial human inclination. Kalman filter uses GPS information to adjust the step size and human displacement. The false jump of GPS position can also be adjusted by Kalman filter.

Self-supply mode: When the performance of GPS is degraded, or GPS signals cannot be received due to terrain (natural or artificial) characteristics or interference, self-supply mode is adopted. According to the starting point, step length and compass direction of human inclination adjustment, the position of soldiers is determined by step measurement. The starting position can be the best GPS position, that is, manually recorded map coordinates or measurement points. Soldiers can also record stride length and body tilt. In this way, the required accuracy is within 2% of the driving distance on the flat road surface and within 5% of the driving distance through the uneven terrain.

The integrated navigation system was evaluated in Griswold range (with forest terrain) and Mckenna range (with urban terrain) in Fort Benning, Georgia in June 1997 and February 1997 respectively. The conclusion is that the integrated navigation system works well and is very beneficial to the "ground warrior" system. Soldiers don't have to pace, but concentrate on their surroundings.

5 Ideal weapon for individual combat

In the combat weapon plan of "Ground Warrior", it is planned to develop a weapon which can launch both kinetic energy bombs (currently 5.56mm standard bombs) and powerful 20mm high-explosive/fragment bombs, and it is called "Ideal Individual Combat Weapon" (OICW) to replace the existing 5.56mm 16 rifle. In fact, OICW is a combination of conventional assault rifles and Grenade launchers installed on the same stock, so that soldiers can choose the best "weapon method" to deal with point targets or surface targets in an instant. In addition, OICW can also launch kinetic energy bombs and high-explosive bombs in the same direct way, that is, touch the shoulder with weapons and shoot with the same sight.

To some extent, OICW can be regarded as a continuation of today's assault rifle and Grenade launcher or rifle Grenade, but it is essentially different. Both conventional rifle grenades and grenades with gun-mounted or automatic Grenade launchers are equipped with impact fuses, which are mainly used to deal with close ground targets. OICW, on the other hand, fires a high-explosive bomb equipped with a dual-function fuse (collision/programming timing), which can explode in space at 1000 meters. It can be seen that the main operational advantage of OICW Grenade launcher is to use air bombing to deal with covered water targets. Moreover, the effective range of high-explosive bombs is three times that of standard assault rifles, making infantry a more effective "weapon platform" on the battlefield. The goal of OICW is to increase the hit probability of high explosive bomb/fragmentation bomb to 90% within 500m and to 50% within1000m.

5. 1 fire fighting system

In order to meet the requirements of high hit accuracy of OICW, the traditional sight and even the advanced optical sight are not competent, so it is necessary to install an advanced fire control system for OICW. The US Army Ordnance Research, Development and Engineering Center requires the fire control system to have the following functions: accurately calculating the target distance; Calculate the flight time of the Grenade to reach the target; Write the initiation program of Grenade fuze; Calculate the trajectory deviation angle, make the Grenade explode at the most suitable height, and obtain the best air explosion effect. At the same time, the fire control system should also be able to be used at night and in bad weather conditions.

The fire control mechanism is that the shooter first calibrates the distance with the laser rangefinder, and the ballistic computer immediately indicates the shooting mode after receiving the data. At the same time, the scale on the sight points to the new aiming point. At this time, the shooter can shoot according to the target or adjust the explosion distance. If the target is a group of enemies hidden behind obstacles, the shooter can immediately fire to make the high-explosive bomb explode over the enemy, and hit the hidden target with the fragments scattered downwards from the fragment warhead. If it is a sniper mission, the shooter must set the ammunition to detonate after entering the window.

When shooting a moving target, AAI, one of the contractors, made an automatic tracker to catch the target quickly. If the target is moving, it can be hit without looking through the scope as long as it is within the field of vision. So when observing the battlefield, if the target suddenly appears and runs for a few seconds, what the shooter does is to observe the top of the weapon, aim the weapon at the target area, and then the automatic device will track the target. In addition, in order to reduce the target acquisition time by a few seconds, AAI also developed a laser pointing device, which can point the laser at a point in the field of view, not a point in the crosshair. Using this method, the tracker can obtain the corresponding parameters and input them into the fire control system. In this way, the distance of the moving target can be obtained in one second instead of three or five seconds.

Another contractor, Arendt, thinks that one of OICW's main challenges is?