(36 points) Read the pictures and information below and answer the following questions. Information: Lanzhou City is an important city in western my country

(1) The river flow in Lanzhou is larger than that in Baotou, with a larger sand content and faster flow rate (3 points). Development direction: This river section is mainly developed with water energy ladder (hydro energy). (2 points)

(2) Terrain area A: river valley area B terrain area: foothills zone (Hexi Corridor)

Topography area A is the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, with high altitude and cold climate. The main condition restricting the development of planting industry is heat. The heat conditions in river valley areas are relatively good, so planting industry is distributed in river valley areas, which is called river valley agriculture.

Topographic area B is the Hexi Corridor, which is deep inland and has a dry climate. The main condition restricting the development of the planting industry is water. The foothills area has sufficient irrigation water resources, so the planting industry is distributed in the foothills area.

(3) Wind speed: When the wind speed is high, the concentration of PM2.5 can be reduced; on the contrary, PM2.5 is easy to accumulate.

Temperature: When the temperature near the ground is high, atmospheric convection intensifies, which can reduce the concentration of PM2.5; conversely, when an inversion layer appears in the atmosphere, PM2.5 is less likely to diffuse.

Precipitation: Precipitation is beneficial to reducing PM2.5 concentration. (Answer any two factors are sufficient)

It facilitates the condensation of water vapor, forming clouds and precipitation; weakens some solar radiation and blocks ground radiation, affecting the temperature; pollutes the atmosphere and reduces visibility. (Answer any two points is enough)

(4) The basin terrain is flat and open; there is a water diversion project, and the urban area has sufficient water; it is close to the airport and connected to Lanzhou City by a highway, and the transportation is convenient; the land resources are not utilized Sufficient, large development space; land price is relatively cheap. (Answer any four points.)

Relieving the traffic pressure on urban land is conducive to protecting and improving the urban environment, intercepting part of the population that crowds into the old city, and promoting the rational development of the city.

(5) The pattern of regional differentiation from the equator to the poles, the pattern of vertical regional differentiation, and the pattern of regional differentiation from the coast to the inland.

Test question analysis:

(1) The hydrological characteristics of rivers are mainly analyzed from the following:

①Flow: size, seasonal changes , with or without flow interruption (depending on precipitation characteristics, rainwater supply, river area size)

②Sand content: depends on the vegetation status of the basin

③Ice period: presence or absence , length

④Water level: high, low, changing characteristics (depending on the type of river supply, water conservancy projects, and lake regulation and storage)

The river section from Lanzhou to Baotou receives less precipitation, and the water volume of the Yellow River decreases significantly. , so the flow rate is larger than that of Baotou. The Baotou river section has flat terrain and low flow speed. The Lanzhou river section experiences heavy rains in summer and autumn, serious soil erosion, and high sediment content in the river. The river section from Lanzhou to Baotou has flat terrain, slowed flow speed, and large amounts of sediment. Therefore, the sand content in the Baotou river section is relatively small. The Lanzhou River has large differences in sections, fast flow speed, and abundant water energy (picture below).

(2) It can be seen from the picture that area A is a river valley, and area B is located at the foot of the mountain. Combined with regional geographical knowledge, the geographical area where A is located is the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and to the south of B is the Qilian Mountains. Valley areas in alpine areas have lower terrain than mountains, higher temperatures, longer frost-free periods than mountain areas, better precipitation conditions, and river water can be used as irrigation water sources, so area A is a river valley agriculture. Topographic area B is the Hexi Corridor, which has a temperate continental climate. It is located deep inland and has a dry climate. The main condition restricting the development of the planting industry is water. The foothills area has sufficient irrigation water (ice and snow meltwater), so planting is distributed in the foothills area.

(3) Meteorological elements mainly include wind speed, temperature, precipitation, etc. Wind speed affects the concentration of pollutants. Generally speaking, in the lower atmosphere, the temperature usually decreases with increasing altitude. This phenomenon makes the air convection up and down significantly, which is conducive to the diffusion of pollutants. But sometimes the opposite situation may occur at some levels, and the temperature increases with height. This phenomenon is called temperature inversion. The occurrence of temperature inversion is not conducive to the upward movement of air. If there are pollutants, the pollutants will stay in place for a long time and cause pollution. Precipitation causes pollutants to fall to the ground with rain, which will effectively reduce air pollution. PM2.5, also known as fine particulate matter (the picture below shows the scene when PM2.5 pollution broke out in Lanzhou), generally refers to fine solids or liquids suspended in gas.

First, its presence reduces the transparency of the atmosphere, resulting in less solar radiation reaching the ground. Secondly, it can act as a condensation nucleus, forming fog and precipitation.

(4) This question focuses on obtaining information from the picture. It can be seen that Lanzhou New District is close to the airport and connected by expressways. The area is far away from the old city and has abundant unused land resources and low land prices. In the written materials, the project of introducing Daqin into Qin solved the drinking water problem in the new area, and pointed out that the terrain of the area is the Qinwangchuan Basin (picture below). Many problems will arise in the process of urbanization due to rapid population growth and limited urban land. The main function of the new urban area is to relieve the traffic pressure on urban land, protect and improve the urban environment, and promote the rational development of the city.

(5) The differences in natural zones, that is, the regional differentiation rules include the differentiation rules from the coast to the inland, the differentiation rules from the equator to the poles, and the vertical differentiation rules. Regional differentiation patterns. The dominant factor in the differentiation pattern from the coast to the inland is precipitation, which is represented by a gradual change from forest to desert. The dominant factor in the regional differentiation pattern from the equator to the poles is heat, which is reflected in the changes in the heat zones. Vertical zonation refers to the physical geographical complex and its components, which are reflected in vertical belts on tall mountains. That is, the natural belts generally extend along the contours of the mountains, and occur with the height of the mountains. The law of status replacement. The most basic reason for its formation is the vertical changes in the water and heat conditions of tall mountains with their height. Along the railway line from Chengdu to Jiuquan via Baoji, the latitude changes significantly, and the sea and land locations also change significantly. It is thus inferred that the reflected regional differentiation patterns include those from the equator to the poles, and those from the coast to the inland. As the train crosses the Qinling Mountains, there are obvious vertical regional differences.