Common sense of dairy goat

1. How to know the disease harm of dairy goats?

Disease is the enemy of dairy goat production.

If the disease occurs, it will often cause great losses and even be impossible to raise. Diseases attack dairy goats in many ways.

Therefore, we must pay attention to the disease prevention and treatment of dairy goats, and we must not relax for a moment. In the production of dairy goats, once diseases occur, it will consume a lot of manpower and material resources for treatment and treatment, and even cause a lot of deaths and product losses.

At the same time, because the feeding, processing and sales of dairy goat products are closely related to people, dairy goat products are closely related to people's food consumption, and infectious diseases suffered by many people and livestock will seriously threaten people's health and life. Therefore, attaching great importance to the prevention and treatment of dairy goat diseases is of great significance for developing dairy goat production and even animal husbandry production, safeguarding people's health and maintaining China's international reputation.

With the deepening of China's reform and opening up, the development of commodity economy and the need of the new situation after China's entry into WTO, the prevention and treatment of dairy goat diseases, like other animal diseases, has been paid more and more attention. To do a good job in the prevention and treatment of dairy goat diseases, we should implement the policy of "prevention first, prevention is more important than treatment".

According to the requirements of "People's Republic of China (PRC) Animal Epidemic Prevention Law", we should implement preventive measures, improve epidemic prevention institutions and epidemic prevention systems, reduce and eliminate the occurrence of dairy goat diseases, and ensure the healthy development of dairy goat industry.

2. What are the requirements of dairy goats for the environment?

First, lively and active, like climbing mountains.

Besides feeding and ruminating, dairy goats spend most of their time in free exercise, and lambs are lively, jumping, sensitive and climbing. Dairy goats often fly, stand upright, run and jump with their forelimbs.

Therefore, in the case of house feeding, we should set up enough sports fields and build rockeries, steep slopes and other climbers in the sports fields to meet the life characteristics of dairy goats. Second, I like dryness and am afraid of humidity.

Love stand rests in a sunny, ventilated and cool place. Pen houses are low-lying and humid, which not only reduces milk production, but also is prone to diseases.

Third, they are quick-thinking and gregarious. Dairy goats are sensitive, agile and tough.

Dairy goats live in groups, and both grazing and grazing like to live in groups. If you choose one or two from the group, you will be very upset.

Fourth, the body is small and docile and convenient. Dairy goats are small and docile, like to be caressed and easy to understand people's intentions.

Well-trained dairy goats can defecate at designated places, get on and off the milking table automatically in an orderly manner, and drink, feed and exercise at fixed places. Fifth, strong disease resistance and high tolerance.

Dairy goats seldom get sick and have high tolerance after getting sick. Sometimes it is not easy to be found in the early stage of the disease, which leads to the deterioration of the disease.

Therefore, breeding managers must be especially careful.

3. How to know Guanzhong dairy goat?

Guanzhong dairy goat is a kind of dairy goat bred by crossing Shaneng dairy goat introduced by foreign missionaries and a few Tugenbao dairy goats with local goats in 1930s, and then crossing with Xinong Shaneng dairy goat after the reform and opening up.

Guanzhong dairy goat is named after it was produced in Guanzhong Plain, Shaanxi Province, and its origin is located at 34? 35, east longitude 10: t ~ 1 10, altitude 360? 800 meters. Guanzhong dairy goat adapts to subtropical and temperate climate and is suitable for grazing or house feeding.

Compared with Xinong Shaneng dairy goat, it is bitter-tolerant and rough-fed, and the requirements for feeding conditions are not too strict. Its basic appearance is similar to Xinong Shaneng dairy goat, but its physique is slightly smaller and its weight is smaller.

This ram is 80cm high, 85cm long and weighs 42kg. The ewe is still 70 cm long, 75 cm long and weighs 38 kg.

The sexual maturity of Guanzhong dairy goats is early, and that of Gongmushan goats is generally 4~5 months old. Strong reproductive ability, giving birth to many twins, with an average lambing rate of 178%.

The average lactation period is 8 months, and the milk yield is 500? 600 kg. Guanzhong dairy goat was introduced from most provinces and cities in China, which plays an important role in dairy goat production in China.

4. What are the breeding techniques of dairy goats?

Dairy goat is a small herbivorous dairy animal. The lactation period of each fetus is 8- 10 month, the average lactation amount is 500-600 kg, and the milk fat rate is 3.

9%, fertility per child 1-3. Dairy goats are lively and graze widely, and weeds, leaves, vines, vegetable leaves, melon beans and miscellaneous grains can be fed.

Fast reproduction, strong disease resistance, both in front of and behind the house, and grazing. It is a good method to increase the supply and demand of fresh milk with less investment, quick effect, saving feed and convenient management.

The main cultivation techniques are introduced as follows. (1) Due to different varieties and individuals, the milk yield varies greatly. Therefore, it is necessary to choose Saneng variety, Laoshan variety or their descendants with high milk production.

Physical appearance requires long head, long neck, long trunk, long legs, tall body, quick action, lively and robust. (2) Feeding lambs needs to eat enough colostrum, which has high nutritional value, easy digestion and absorption, immunity and disease resistance, and has certain influence on the growth and production performance of lambs.

Whole milk is the main ingredient of lambs from birth to 4 days old, 4 times a day. At the age of 40- 80 days, milk can be fed with the same word as forage, and a small amount of salt and bone soup can be added. Feed should be delicious, good quality and easy to digest.

At the age of 80- 120 days, forage grass is mainly used, supplemented by a small amount of milk. 120-day-old weaned sheep should be fed with forage and supplemented with a small amount of concentrate.

(3) The breeding of breeding goats is seasonal, and it is most concentrated in autumn. Generally, goats 12- 5 months old can be bred. The gestation period is 1 14- 159 days, with an average of 150 days. (4) Feeding of lactating ewes In the early lactation period, ewes should give priority to high-quality forage and eat freely.

On this basis, according to the physical condition, swelling degree, appetite changes, etc. The amount of concentrated feed and juicy feed can be flexibly controlled. Dairy goats reach the peak of milk production in 30-40 days after delivery. In the stage of increasing milk, various nutrients stored in the body are constantly paid and the weight is constantly reduced.

At this time, we should fully meet the daily demand, except that the daily food intake accounts for 1%- 1 of the body weight. Besides 5% high-quality hay and a certain amount of concentrate, we should also feed as much grass, silage and some tubers as possible.

When the milk yield decreases, the concentrate should be gradually reduced according to the situation. In the whole feeding process, dairy goats should be given enough water and salt, and they can lick freely with salt troughs.

(5) Milking Before each milking, wash it with hot water. The number of milking depends on the amount of milk. Milk under 3 kg is milked twice a day, and milk under 5 kg is milked three times.

(6) At the right time, the milk yield of dry grandma goats decreased gradually in the lactation period of near 10. At this time, it is necessary to dry the milk, so that the ewe can better recover its physical condition, ensure the fetal development in the ewe and the milk yield in the next lactation period, and increase the newborn weight of the lamb. The purpose of drying milk can be achieved by reducing concentrated feed, green juicy feed, drinking water and milking times.

(7) In order to create a suitable living environment, the sheephouse requires warm winter and cool summer, fresh air, cleanliness and dryness, frequent brushing of sheep, promotion of blood circulation, improvement of lactation ability and maintenance of dairy cow hygiene. Giving up the word sheep requires three hours of outdoor exercise every day, and deformed hooves should be trimmed.

Noise prevention near the sheepfold, heatstroke prevention in summer, warmth and cold protection in winter. .

5. How to improve the reproductive rate of dairy goats?

Improving the reproductive rate of dairy goats is an important measure to improve efficiency.

The factors affecting the reproductive rate of dairy goats are heredity, environment, feeding management, feeding technology, diseases and so on. According to these factors, there are several measures to improve the reproductive rate.

(1) Strengthening feeding management and feeding management conditions are important factors affecting the reproduction of dairy goats. Adequate nutrition and good management can improve the * * *, quantity and quality of dairy goat breeding rams; Promoting the growth and sexual maturity of ewes can make ewes ovulate in advance.

As a measure, premature lambs can be bred when they are born in February, and the 8~ 10-month-old female lambs can reach 32 kg. Ewes 1 year-old can give birth to lambs.

If it is too late, the above requirements will not be met. Strengthening the management of pregnant ewes, putting an end to abortion, strengthening the management of lambs and reducing morbidity and mortality are all important measures to improve the reproductive rate. 3 (2) Choose lambs as breeding rams with multiple births, and their offspring will also have multiple births.

The offspring of multiparous ewes are also multiparous. At the same time, there is a positive correlation between having more lambs in the first birth and having more lambs in the future.

These are the basis for selecting breeding sheep to improve the reproductive rate. (3) Improve the identification and breeding technology of * * *, and maintain a high quasi-pregnancy rate.

(4) Increase the proportion of breeding ewes and keep a reasonable proportion of suitable ewes in the flock. Prepare necessary reserve ewes and eliminate a certain proportion of aged sheep.

Generally, the proportion of ewes aged 2-5 should be controlled at around 65%.

6. How to prevent dairy goat diseases?

In order to implement the policy of putting prevention first, and prevention is more important than treatment, the prevention of dairy goat diseases should start from the following aspects.

(1) Strengthen feeding management to improve the health status of dairy goats and resist the invasion of many diseases through scientific feeding management. It is necessary to ensure that dairy goats have a comfortable environment, high-quality complete feed and sufficient drinking water.

As the saying goes, feed is the best medicine. From the point of view of feeding management, to prevent the occurrence of diseases, we should adhere to self-reproduction, scientifically prepare diets and rationally arrange production links.

Breeding healthy rams and ewes for selfing can not only control and improve the quality of dairy goats, organize production scientifically, but also prevent the introduction of dairy goats from bringing pathogens. The comprehensive nutrition of diet is an important guarantee to avoid malnutrition and realize production plan.

A good diet depends on a good formula and high-quality feed ingredients. The diversification of feed raw materials can prevent the excess or deficiency of some nutrients.

Scientific processing of feed raw materials can effectively ensure the nutritional level of diet, improve feed conversion rate and prevent various digestive tract diseases. The production links of dairy goats include sheep selection, grouping, feeding, drinking water, milking, breeding, lambing, epidemic prevention, deworming and weighing. Every link should have scientific procedures and careful operation to reduce the adverse effects on dairy goats.

(2) Doing a good job in environmental sanitation and pollution is not only conducive to the breeding of pathogens and the spread of diseases, but also harmful to dairy goats. So it is necessary to ensure that the living environment of dairy goats is clean and hygienic.

The sheepfold and utensils should be kept clean and dry, and the manure, padding and dirt in the sheepfold should be cleaned every day, and the heap fermentation should be done for harmless treatment. Feed the grass and drink water cleanly.

The measures to kill rats, mosquitoes and flies are to remove sundries, garbage and weeds around the sheephouse, fill up dead puddles and take rodent control measures regularly. Establish health standards and inspection system, and conduct regular inspection and supervision.

(3) The purpose of formulating disinfection system is to eliminate pathogenic microorganisms that spread in the environment through infectious sources, cut off the transmission route of infectious diseases, and prevent the occurrence of infectious diseases. It is necessary to make a feasible disinfection system.

Disinfect sheephouses, utensils, floors, feces and sewage regularly. There should be a separate disinfection place at the entrance and exit of the farm and the entrance of the sheephouse, and an effective disinfectant should always be maintained.

The disinfection of sheep houses is generally once a year in spring and autumn, and the disinfection frequency should be increased if there is a threat of epidemic situation. Ground disinfection is mainly the disinfection of sports venues.

Disinfection is divided into two steps: first, thoroughly clean up feces, garbage, dirt and grass mats, and then spray disinfectant at the rate of per square meter1L. Disinfectant can be 2% sodium hydroxide solution, (metal tools that are afraid of corrosion cannot be used, mainly ground disinfection) 2.

5% available chlorine bleaching powder solution and 4% formalin solution. Pile up fermented and disinfected feces.

(4) Regular immunization is a means to stimulate sheep to produce specific resistance, making them susceptible to diseases, which is an important measure to prevent and control infectious diseases in dairy goats. Immunization should follow reasonable immunization procedures.

All farms and regions should arrange immunization plans according to the local epidemic law, the national requirements for immunization work and the immune characteristics of various vaccines. (5) It is very important to implement drugs to prevent diseases.

In the production of dairy goats, drugs are often used to prevent diseases and satisfactory results have been achieved. Drugs can be selected for prevention according to the season and the occurrence of epidemic diseases.

(6) To prevent poison poisoning, attention should be paid to ensuring the quality of drinking water and feed and preventing toxic and harmful substances from being mixed in. Don't feed the leaves, stems and fruits of poisonous plants, don't feed moldy and deteriorated forage grass, and properly preserve chemical fertilizers and pesticides to prevent pesticide poisoning.

When using cottonseed cake, rapeseed cake and flax cake as feed, detoxification measures should be taken. (7) Establishing a strict quarantine system Quarantine refers to the application of clinical or laboratory diagnostic methods to check the epidemic disease of sheep and take corresponding measures to prevent the occurrence and spread of the epidemic disease.

The quarantine of dairy goats includes regular quarantine of raising sheep, quarantine of imported sheep and quarantine of exported sheep. (8) Deal with the disease of dairy goats in time. After the onset of dairy goats, it is necessary to diagnose them in time, treat them immediately and take careful care to make them recover as soon as possible.

If an infectious disease occurs, it shall be culled, isolated and immunized according to the prevention and control methods of infectious diseases. Dairy goats that have died of illness should be burned or buried deeply.