Influence of Maolushan Campaign

There is no hope of seeing again. Thirteen anti-Qing families in Kuidong, such as peasant leaders Liu Tichun and Li Laiheng, and Wang Guangxing, the general of the Ming Dynasty, insisted on anti-Qing in the end. The battle of Maolushan ended in the defeat of the peasant army, which also marked the collapse of Kuidong's anti-Qing base area. The resistance of the Ming Dynasty was only sporadic resistance on the border between China and Myanmar and along the coast of Fujian and Guangdong, and the hope of regaining sight was gone.

At this point, Kuidong's anti-Qing struggle, which was dominated by the remnants of the former Dashun Army, lasted for 20 years and ended in failure. The armed anti-Qing movement in mainland China under the banner of restoring the Ming Dynasty basically ended, and the Qing Dynasty began to move towards a period of peace and tranquility. At that time, people still had the heart to restore the Ming Dynasty. Until the fourth year of Tongzhi (1865), Zhu Mingyue in Guizhou still rebelled against the Qing Dynasty as the emperor of the Ming Dynasty. The Qing court put out this rebel army around 1868. The price paid by the local government to destroy Maolushan, a tiny place, is extremely huge. According to Li's description, the Sichuan Qing army and the Eight Banners stationed in An were surrounded by Maolushan Mountain in the south and west 150 miles, Huguang Qing army in the east and Shaanxi Qing army in the north. The Qing army coach General Jingxi Murima and General Dingxi were stationed in Huanglong Mountain in the south of Maolushan Mountain for more than half a year. Nearby provinces recruited countless civilian workers to transport rations, materials and other services, which made the people bear an unbearable burden. Wang Fuzhi's record: "And □ (Lu) soldiers are pulling boats, and the dead in Dingfu are in the cliff valley, and the people are driving by law. Troops three thousand miles away are pulling boats and wearing hats. What is fate? The ants on the cliff are endless. " Li Zhizi once wrote: "First, Chu was transported from Xiqiao and Zhaxi to drought (that is, it was changed from shipping to people carrying it on their shoulders), and from husband's back to Maolu Mountain. The road is dangerous and long, and the round trip is not less than half a month. Not much luck, my husband is hungry. "

Hou Pu, then the magistrate of Liuyang in the early years of Kangxi, also wrote in a narrative poem: ... plus the battle of Xishan, it was very heavy. Thousands of grasses, long drive to solve Jingxiang. Sell the cows and children and make up for them. Can't live, move out?

So 50 are all fresh and full of villages. The people who escaped the most were in the middle, Dongxiang and Fangxiang.

There are several solitary traces, and the face is embarrassing. I smelled my father's words and my clothes were covered with tears.

I am willing to talk diligently, caress words and save the party. It shows how hard the people are. In local chronicles, there are many records in this respect, such as An Lu Fuzhi in Hubei: "In the second year of Kangxi, the people served in Xishan, and then set sail in various counties, causing many casualties."

There is a record of "Gu Mi transporting a husband" in Songzi County Annals: "All my life, I heard the drums and returned home, but my soul disappeared when I saw the standard. On hearing the husbands distributing grain, stones and rice, the man howled in the road and the woman cried in the room. Seeing all the way into the mountains is like a sword tree. " "Twenty-three Li (this refers to Li's Li), with his wife and children carrying their bags and hiding hundreds of miles away, is also connected with each other." "The situation is that the people involved were either forced by military affairs, urged by the police, or came to Dubai in person. Hundreds of thousands of people are calling for help, and they can give me a break. "

"Dangyang County Records" records: "In the first year of Kangxi, Li Laiheng and others occupied the areas of bamboo, houses, Rong and Ba, and there was no way to tide over the crisis. They ordered the suppression of three provincial capitals, Shang Yong, Qin Jun, Wushan, the Shu army, and Dangyang, and the soldiers moved back and forth in an endless stream. "

"Zhijiang County Records" contains: "In the winter of the first year of Kangxi, Wang Shizheng suppressed the Western Hills and the people worked hard." "In the past three years, the migration days of Zhi Zhi people have been calculated by 100 households." Even in Guangji County, the eastern corner of Hubei Province, in the second year of Kangxi's "Battle of the Western Hills, one-year-old Soff was aided by 3,170".

Annals of Anfu County, Hunan Province: "In the second year of Kangxi ... the people served Xishan, and ten people died five times".

Even some places have mutinied because of the heavy burden of labor, such as Daye County, Hubei Province. "Kangxi three years in the first month, the husband. Teachers were employed in Xishan, and the county sent civilian workers to transport grain. The third batch of more than 300 people fled halfway and gathered outside Beiguan. Zuo and others claimed the county and robbed Houyahe's house. The county magistrate hid for several days. Call yourself General Zuo. Go to the county to welcome him. The public is beneficial. "

These scattered historical materials reveal the Qing government's encirclement and suppression of Kuidong anti-Qing armed forces, which caused great disasters to people in Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan and other provinces. Wushan immigrants killed innocent people here because the Qing army suppressed the peasant army, which led to a sharp drop in population. Later, Wushan immigrants were adopted to develop the local economy. At the end of the battle of Maolushan Mountain, while the Qing court concentrated on dealing with Zheng Ming, the Qing court freed its hands and began to concentrate on dealing with Zheng Chenggong who insisted on resisting Qing Dynasty in the southeast coastal areas. In order to deal with Zheng Chenggong, a large-scale decree of forced relocation of coastal residents was implemented, which was called "moving to the sea" in history, and also displaced the people in the southeast coast and fell into dire straits.