20 19 Public Basic Political Knowledge in Selected Graduates: Institutional Reform in the State Council

1. Protecting the environment is a top priority.

(1) Establish the Ministry of Natural Resources. In order to uniformly exercise the responsibilities of the owner of natural resources owned by the whole people, and uniformly exercise all the responsibilities of land and space use control, ecological protection and restoration, efforts will be made to solve the problems of inadequate owners of natural resources and overlapping spatial planning, and realize the overall protection, systematic restoration and comprehensive management of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes and grasses. The plan proposes that the responsibilities of the Ministry of Land and Resources and the National Development and Reform Commission should be incorporated into the planning responsibilities of the main functional areas. The Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, the Ministry of Water Resources, the Ministry of Agriculture, the State Forestry Administration, the State Oceanic Administration and the State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping Geographic Information will be integrated to form the Ministry of Natural Resources as a component of the State Council. The Ministry of Natural Resources retains the brand of State Oceanic Administration. Its main duties are to supervise the development, utilization and protection of natural resources, establish a spatial planning system and supervise its implementation, perform the duties of owners of all kinds of natural resources owned by the whole people, unify investigation and right registration, establish a system of paid use of natural resources, and be responsible for the management of surveying and mapping and geological exploration industries.

The Ministry of Land and Resources, the State Oceanic Administration and the State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping Geographic Information will no longer be retained.

(2) Set up the Ministry of Ecology and Environment. Protecting the environment is our basic national policy. In order to integrate scattered ecological environmental protection responsibilities, uniformly exercise ecological and urban and rural sewage supervision and administrative law enforcement responsibilities, strengthen environmental pollution control, ensure national ecological security, and build a beautiful China, the Plan puts forward the responsibilities of the Ministry of Environmental Protection, the National Development and Reform Commission's response to climate change and emission reduction, and the Ministry of Land and Resources' monitoring and prevention of groundwater pollution. The responsibilities of the Ministry of Water Resources include water function zoning, sewage outlet management, river basin water environmental protection, supervision and guidance of the Ministry of Agriculture, marine environmental protection of the State Oceanic Administration, environmental protection of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project Area of the the State Council South-to-North Water Diversion Project Construction Committee Office, and the establishment of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment as a department of the State Council. The Ministry of Ecology and Environment retains the brand of National Nuclear Safety Administration. The main responsibilities are to formulate and organize the implementation of eco-environmental policies, plans and standards, be responsible for eco-environmental monitoring and law enforcement, supervise and manage pollution prevention, nuclear and radiation safety, and organize central environmental protection inspectors.

Second, optimize institutional setup and reduce resource waste.

(a) the establishment of the Bank of China Insurance Regulatory Commission. Finance is the core of modern economy, so we must attach great importance to preventing and controlling financial risks and ensuring national financial security. In order to deepen the reform of financial supervision system, solve the problems existing in the current system, such as unclear supervision responsibilities, cross-supervision, blank supervision, strengthen comprehensive supervision, optimize the allocation of supervision resources, better coordinate the supervision of systemically important financial institutions, and gradually establish a powerful and effective modern financial supervision framework that conforms to modern financial characteristics, coordinates supervision, and keeps the bottom line of systemic financial risks, the plan proposes to integrate the responsibilities of China Banking Regulatory Commission and China Insurance Regulatory Commission to form the Bank of China Insurance Regulatory Commission as the the State Council. Its main duties are to conduct unified supervision and management of the banking and insurance industries in accordance with the law, safeguard their lawful and steady operation, prevent and resolve financial risks, protect the legitimate rights and interests of financial consumers and maintain financial stability.

(2) Assigning the responsibilities of the China Banking Regulatory Commission and the China Insurance Regulatory Commission to draft important laws and regulations and basic prudential supervision systems for the banking and insurance industries to the People's Bank of China.

(3) China Banking Regulatory Commission and China Insurance Regulatory Commission will no longer be retained.

Third, the management of entry-exit population is more standardized.

Establish the National Immigration Bureau. With the further improvement of China's comprehensive national strength, the number of foreigners working and living in China is increasing, which puts forward new requirements for doing a good job in entry-exit management services. In order to strengthen the overall coordination of entry-exit management and better form the joint efforts of entry-exit management, the plan proposes to integrate the entry-exit management and border inspection responsibilities of the Ministry of Public Security, establish and improve the visa management coordination mechanism, and set up the National Immigration Bureau, which will be managed by the Ministry of Public Security. Its main responsibilities are to coordinate the formulation of immigration policies and organize their implementation, to be responsible for entry and exit management, port certificate inspection and border people's exchange management, to be responsible for foreigners' stay and permanent residence management, refugee management and nationality management, to take the lead in coordinating the governance of "three non-"foreigners and the repatriation of illegal immigrants, to be responsible for the service management of China citizens entering and leaving the country for personal reasons, and to undertake international cooperation in the field of immigration.

Generally speaking, this institutional reform in the State Council has carried out the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the Third Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee, fulfilled the requirements of upholding and strengthening the overall leadership of the Party, adapted to the major contradictions and changes in our society in the new era, and focused on the needs of development, the wishes of the grassroots and the wishes of the people. According to the principle of optimization, coordination and efficiency, optimize the institutional setup and functional allocation of the State Council, and straighten out the relationship of responsibilities. After the reform, there are 8 ministerial-level institutions and 7 deputy ministerial-level institutions in the State Council. Through the reform, the State Council's institutional setup is more realistic, scientific and reasonable, and more efficient, which will surely provide a strong organizational guarantee for the full implementation of the tasks deployed by the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China.