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Shanhaiguan is the northeast starting point of the Great Wall of Ming Dynasty, with a territory of 26 kilometers, which is located at more than 10 kilometers east of Qinhuangdao City. According to historical records, Shanhaiguan has a history of more than 600 years since 138 1 was built, and it has been a military center in China since ancient times. Shanhaiguan city, about 4 kilometers in circumference, is a small town. The whole city is connected with the Great Wall, and the city is the gateway. City height 14m, thickness 7m. There are four main gates in the city, as well as various ancient defensive buildings. It is a relatively complete defense system and is known as "the first level in the world".

With the majestic "the first pass in the world" as the main body, supplemented by Jingbian Tower. Lv Lin architecture, such as Muyinglou, Weiyuantang, Wengcheng, Dongluocheng and Great Wall Museum, shows visitors the architectural style of ancient city defense in China.

The first scene in the world is centered on Shanhaiguan City, including Shanhaiguan City, Dongluo City and the "No.1 Pass in the World" Tower, Jingbian Building, Muying Building, Lulin Building and Great Wall Museum. Shanhaiguan is an ancient cultural city. The walls of the Ming Dynasty were basically intact, and most of the main streets and alleys were well preserved. In particular, a number of quadrangles have been preserved, making the ancient city more elegant and simple. The first gate in the world, the East Gate of Guancheng, stands on the Great Wall and overlooks the four fields. On the second floor of the tower, you can overlook Shanhaiguan City and the panoramic view of Yuan Ye outside Shanhaiguan. Looking north, you can see the majestic posture of the Great Wall of Jiao Shan from a distance; The sea in the south is also faintly visible. On the north and south sides of the world's first gate building, there are buildings such as Jingbian Building, Muying Building and Lulin Building. Walking on the Great Wall of Wan Li, you will feel the greatness of our ancestors and the extraordinary wisdom of China people.

When you get off the "No.1 Gate in the World" tower, you can visit the Great Wall Museum, which will show you the ancient and modern Wan Li Great Wall and amazing physical exhibits.

In the ancient city, tasting local snacks will greatly increase your interest in traveling and appreciate the customs of Shanhaiguan.

Shanhaiguan has a long history of humanities. As early as the Neolithic Age, our ancestors had already worked and lived here. Shanhaiguan was called Guan Yu in ancient times, also known as Guan Yu and Lu Lin. In the 14th year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (A.D. 138 1), Xu Da, king of Zhongshan, was ordered to build the two passes of Yongping and Ling Jie, and set up Shanhaiguan here. Because of the mountains and seas, it is named Shanhaiguan.

Shanhaiguan Scenic Area is a famous historical and cultural city and a tourist summer resort, with a collection of scenic spots and historical sites, beautiful scenery and pleasant climate. There are more than 90 scenic spots and historical sites with development and ornamental value in this area. In 2000, Shanhaiguan Scenic Area was rated as the first batch of 4A-level tourist attractions; In 200 1 year, the State Council officially listed Shanhaiguan District of Qinhuangdao as a national historical and cultural city. With the Great Wall as the main line, six scenic spots, Old Dragon Head, Meng Jiangnu Temple, Jiao Shan, the first pass in the world, Changshou Mountain and Yansai Lake, have been formed, all of which are open to Chinese and foreign tourists, and are famous tourist areas at home and abroad. Among them, Shanhaiguan Great Wall embodies the essence of the ancient Great Wall in China. The eastern starting point of the Great Wall in Wan Li in the Ming Dynasty is the Old Dragon Head, where the Great Wall meets the sea, with blue sea and golden sands, the sea and the sky are the same color, and the mountains are overlapping. Magnificent, world-famous "the first pass in the world" stands towering, known as "the capital city, the left throat of Liaoning"; The Great Wall of Jiao Shan is winding, with steep spires and picturesque scenery. Here, "Mountain Temple is rainy and sunny, Ruilian worships the sun" and "Qi Xian Buddha's Light" in "Eight Scenes of Guan Yu" has attracted many tourists. Meng Jiangnu Temple is an interpretation of China folklore-the touching story of Jiangnu seeking her husband. Hangyang Cave, the largest natural granite cave in northern China, is like a paradise. Yansai Lake, a pearl beyond the Great Wall, is beautiful.

There are many poems about Shanhaiguan with rich and colorful contents. They describe the landscape, history and feelings of Shanhaiguan from different angles, and outline the historical picture of different periods.

First, most of Shanhaiguan poems in the early Ming Dynasty praised the danger of Guancheng and the magnificence of mountains and rivers. In the early years of Hongzhi, the governor of Shuntian, Min, wrote a poem in Shanhaiguan: "Thistle comes to Dongguan as the first pass, and its neck is connected with the green hills of the sea. The Great Wall is divided into upper and lower caves, and the bright moon returns to the cold wave, enthusiastically eulogizing the beauty of Shanhaiguan scenery. During the Jiajing period, Li Panlong, the leader of the "last seven sons", sent Wang Shizhen, a famous Taoist priest, to the Liao country and wrote Song of the Bunker? Send Wang Yuanmei. "Yanshan cold shadow falls in high autumn, and Guan Yu current in Beiguan. Immediately, the white clouds follow the Han envoy, and I don't know where to be sad. " This shows the poet's happy mood and is full of yearning for the scenery of Shanhaiguan.

Second, in the late Ming Dynasty, most of Shanhaiguan's poems were about war. From Qin Long to the early years of Wanli, patriotic Qi Jiguang guarded the Great Wall of Zhen Ji Town 16. He once led his troops to war and wrote the poem "Out of Guan Yu": "All the predecessors were generals (generals, artillery names), and the array was all in Rong Yuan (Rong Yuan, artillery names). Going out of Yushu Pass at night and looking at the desert "reflects the strength of military power at that time. "In the middle of Wanli, the Jurchen nationality rose, and the northeast was troubled. Huang Hongxian's poem Shanhaiguan said: "The Great Wall is ancient, and 102 rivers and mountains are in Beijing. Hai Yin Xiancha came to Han as an envoy, and Guan Yu and Qiu Cao protected Qin Jun. The star is near Shuanglong tail, and the moon shines on the sand. I heard that Liaoyang is in a hurry to fly feathers, and scholars are eager to grow tassels. " Expressed the author's ambition to kill the enemy and serve the country. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, Shanhaiguan set up a overseer and general commander to command heavy troops to fight against the late Jin Dynasty (Qing Dynasty). Sun Chengzong, the senior minister of the Ministry of War of the University, wrote "Dengguan Tower": "There are few poems, but more horses. The illusion is to look at Haicheng and force Tianhe. People get old first, which has nothing to do with the mountains and the moon. Everyone's pride says that a sword has passed several times. "It expresses the feeling that life is easy to get old, serving the country is heavy, and ambition is not paid.

Third, most of Shanhaiguan's poems in the early Qing Dynasty reflected the great changes of the times, the sufferings of people's livelihood, personal experiences and so painful words. Shanhaiguan, a five-character poem written by Gu, a thinker in the early Qing Dynasty, is a nostalgic poem. There are 36 sentences in the whole poem. The first 10 sentence is about the dangerous geographical situation at the beginning of entering the customs. 16 sentence, describing the battle of Ming and Qing dynasties, and the famous soldiers managed the defense of Shanhaiguan; 10 sentence, write that Wu Sangui welcomed Qing soldiers into Shanhaiguan, and the environment of Shanhaiguan was desolate after the death of Ming Dynasty. The style is simple and simple, generous and sad. The poems of Chen Tianzhi and Wang Mo regard Shanhaiguan as an ancient battlefield, expressing their feelings for the peasants' army and the soldiers of the Wu (Sangui) and Qing allied forces: "The battlefield is full of battles, and fireworks are broken several times" (Shanhaiguan by Chen Tianzhi); "The sand in the desert is cold with white bones, and the new ghost roars into the grave", "The year before last, I fought many battles, but my resentment still exists today" (Guan Yu by Wang Mo).

You Dong's long poem "Going through the Customs" truly reflects the famine in Gyeonggi in the early Qing Dynasty. The Qing court recruited the poor to immigrate to Liaodong through Shanhaiguan, and the people helped the old and the young, crying and going on the road: "Go out to Liaodong and order 100,000 people to fill in Xinfeng"; "White-headed dragons and bells help the elderly, and beautiful girls hold their children alone"; "The graves of relatives are in the sky, and tears are like rain. "

In the early Qing Dynasty, many literati sent to Northeast China expressed their feelings through Shanhaiguan. For example, the poet monk Xin wrote the poem "Stay in Shanhaiguan" when he was exiled to Shenyang: "It is not enough to re-enter the customs, and it will be cold if it is broken. The sea is still steep and the dangerous peaks are blank. Wan Li's hometown book is absolutely unique, and the drums and horns are even colder. Dare to live and look back carefully. " When the poet Wu Zhaoqian exiled Ningguta (now Ning 'an, Heilongjiang Province), he wrote in his poem "Going Out of the Pass": "Looking back at the side building, swaying the hills and riding the dust", "Jiang Nv's poems are diligent in horses, and she is still a Han family." They all deeply expressed their attachment to the old country of the Central Plains.

4. After the middle of Qing Dynasty, there were relatively few poems about Shanhaiguan, but some poems were related to the times. Xiao Dexuan's "Miscellaneous Poems of Shanhaiguan" recited the customs and military and political situation of Shanhaiguan on the eve of the Opium War: "Cars are rolled over by sheets, and men and women are pale. Ask the poor whether it is hard or not, and pass once a year. " "Deputy commander garrison, sit YuanMen big Xie Ming. A desolate north-south wing, the most livelihood is the flag soldiers. " On the eve of the Opium War, the thinker Wei Yuan wrote The Five Wonders of Shanhaiguan. "Yancheng midnight, hundreds of sound. The wind on the island is strong, such as smelling duck soldiers. " It correctly foresaw that imperialism would carry out armed aggression against China and expressed deep concern for the country and the people.

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