Salta's introduction

It was widely used in Central Asia in the Middle Ages, and its meaning is still controversial in academic circles. It is generally believed that the word was originally related to business, referring to businessmen and caravan leaders, and later to Muslims. The research results show that Salta refers to a national entity and a national name. 1 1 century later, a new ethnic group was formed in the Amu Darya, Syr Darya and Qihe river basins in Central Asia. This nation is mainly composed of Turkic ministries (including Uighur and Gloria), Turkic indigenous Sogdians, ancient peanuts and other Central Asian indigenous people, as well as Persians and Arabs. They speak Turkic, believe in Islam, manage agriculture, handicrafts and commerce, and belong to a mixture of European and Mongolian races. /kloc-In the 3rd century, the Mongols led by Genghis Khan marched westward to Central Asia, and the Salta people suffered a devastating blow, and some of them were merged into the Uzbek nation. Some people were forcibly recruited by the Mongols, and a large number of skilled craftsmen served the Mongolian army. Later, these people followed the Mongolian army from the east to the mountainous area east of Hezhou, China, and gradually changed from soldiers to civilians and settled down. Some people became one of the sources of Hui nationality, some people settled in Dongxiang nationality area, and later changed from military households to civilian households, becoming the main source of Dongxiang nationality. These Salta people merged with other nationalities and gradually formed a new national isomorphism-Dongxiang nationality, which still calls itself "Salta".

Sart has been widely used in Central Asia since the Middle Ages. 1 1 century later, this word has national significance in Central Asia, and it really refers to a national entity. Since the Yuan Dynasty, some people who believe in Islam and speak Mongolian in Altai language family who live in the mountainous areas surrounded by the Yellow River, Taohe River, Daxia River and Guangtong River in central Gansu, China, also call themselves Salter, which is actually their national names. However, due to various restrictions, China historians have translated the word "Hui" as a general reference to all ethnic groups in Central Asia who believe in Islam. Later, it was concealed by rumors. In the early 1950s, people identified the self-proclaimed Salta in central Gansu as Dongxiang nationality, which once again made the word Salta lose its meaning as a national name. Therefore, it is necessary for us to clear the fog of history, trace back to the source, and return zalta to its true colors.

Ethnic characteristics are the basic basis for identifying ethnic groups, and Dongxiang nationality has formed its own characteristics in the long-term historical development. China's ethnic identification is to make an extensive investigation on the ethnic characteristics formed in history, such as geographical distribution, language, economic life, material culture, spiritual culture, psychological quality, etc., make full use of relevant subject materials, and flexibly use the four characteristics of Stalin's modern national definition to conduct comprehensive scientific research and identify independent ethnic groups. However, many researchers believe that it is a bit inappropriate to call it "Dongxiang nationality" in national appellation.

According to the research of relevant experts, the word "Dongxiang" first appeared in 1707 in the forty-sixth year of Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty. There was no county system in Hezhou in Qing Dynasty, and four townships were established, which were equivalent to counties. When Hezhou Wang tried to install it, he took Hezhou as the center and divided it into four townships: east, south, west and north. The east of Hezhou is called "Dongxiang", hence the name "Dongxiang". Although the word "Dongxiang" was born in the early Qing Dynasty, this nation was born in the late Yuan and early Ming Dynasties, and it has been more than 300 years. It was called "Dongxiang nationality" at the beginning of liberation.

From the founding of New China to 1950, the central government organized relevant experts and scholars to form a working group on ethnic identification, and went to ethnic minority areas throughout the country to carry out ethnic identification work. As a whole, the northwest region set up a special ethnic identification working group in Linxia, and finally named the ethnic minorities living in Dongxiang as Dongxiang nationality. These experts and scholars have made great contributions to the ethnic work in northwest China. However, due to the tight time and heavy task of ethnic identification at that time, and the lack of language of Dongxiang nationality, there were few records and files reflecting ethnic characteristics. It is difficult to fully and accurately reflect the national characteristics in the process of national identification, and the naming of Dongxiang nationality is arbitrary and does not reflect the unique national characteristics. "The head of dongxiang county said.