What is the historical significance of the establishment of the ASEAN North American Free Trade Area and the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation?

ASEAN: ASEAN political and economic cooperation has effectively promoted the socio-economic development and regional stability of ASEAN countries, and expanded ASEAN's influence in the Asia-Pacific region and even the world. With ASEAN, small and medium-sized Southeast Asian countries have played the role of "big powers" in regional and international affairs. In many cases, the "ASEAN political consciousness" that represents the views of ASEAN countries often has great influence, which can not only improve Properly safeguarding the interests of ASEAN member countries can also help change the long-term Western-dominated international system structure; secondly, ASEAN, as a pioneer regional organization, has become the driver of regional cooperation in Asia. ASEAN has become the core of multiple "11" dialogue and cooperation mechanisms and free trade areas. Through these mechanisms, dozens of countries from East Asia, Asia-Pacific and Europe have developed multi-level economic and political cooperation

Significance of the establishment of NAFTA: It established the largest regional economic integration organization in the world at that time. It was the first trade bloc in the world composed of developed and developing countries. There was great economic complementarity among the member states. and interdependence, and there is an obvious asymmetry. The establishment of the North American Free Trade Area will have a significant and far-reaching impact on North America, Latin America, and even the formation of a new world economic pattern after the end of the Cold War. First of all, it has a positive impact on regional economic and trade development. For the United States, the positive impact is: first, not only industrial manufacturing companies will benefit, but high-tech industrial sectors will also increase exports to Canada and Mexico. The U.S. trade surplus with Mexico will increase as a result. Second, the expansion of investment in the western United States. Third, as a result of the adjustment of production and trade structures, a large amount of labor will be invested in those key industrial sectors. Fourth, the agreement will restrict Mexican immigration to the United States. The main negative impacts are: the low-tech consumer goods industry is unfavorable to the United States. In order to improve the environmental conditions on the border between Mexico and the United States, the United States will have to pay an economic and social cost of 6 billion to 10 billion U.S. dollars. Tariff cuts will reduce a large amount of U.S. income, aggravating the situation. America's burden. The agreement also has a great impact on Canada and Mexico. Finally, there will also be an impact on international trade and capital flows. The establishment of the North American Free Trade Area has, on the one hand, expanded intra-regional trade, but on the other hand, it has caused some countries to worry about the rise of trade protectionism, posing a threat to exports from outside the region to the United States.

APEC: APEC is currently the largest multilateral regional economic grouping organization. The breadth of APEC member states is rare among other economic organizations in the world. Since its establishment, especially after the leaders’ informal meetings became a regular mechanism, APEC has continuously made progress in promoting regional trade and investment liberalization and facilitation, and has played a positive role in promoting global and regional economic growth.