Necessity of South-to-North Water Transfer Project

China has a vast territory, with large regional differences in precipitation and uneven distribution of water resources. The Yangtze River and its south area are rich in water resources, and the degree of development and utilization is low. Water resources are highly developed in water-deficient areas in the north. Haihe River, Huaihe River and Yellow River basins account for only 7.5% of the national water resources, 27% of the national water consumption, and 70% of the national water resources are developed and utilized, which is a highly developed area [1]. The shortage of water resources has long plagued Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and North China, and has increasingly become a major constraint to economic and social development.

In order to solve the water shortage problem in Beijing, Tianjin and North China,

Another answer

1 necessity of south-to-north water transfer project

According to the balance analysis of water supply and demand in China in 2030 and 2050, the Huanghuaihai River Basin, especially the Huanghuaihai Plain in the lower reaches of the Yellow River, is the most water-deficient area in China. In the past few years, many places here, especially the Haihe River basin north of the Yellow River, have maintained economic growth by overexploiting groundwater and using untreated sewage. According to the statistics of Haihe Water Resources Commission, 1998, the groundwater in Haihe Plain was over-exploited by 5.5 billion cubic meters, and the wastewater discharge in the whole basin was 6.3 billion tons. Except for 500 million tons discharged into the sea, the rest is either used or evaporated underground. According to incomplete statistics, about 2 billion tons of wastewater is used for irrigation. The most serious over-exploitation of groundwater is in the areas along Cangzhou, Hengshui and Jinpu railways. The shallow groundwater in this area is mostly salt water and brackish water that cannot be used. Over-exploitation for many years is the deep groundwater containing fluorine, which is difficult to regenerate. According to the analysis of related parties in 2000, the time of deep groundwater depletion is 10 ~ 15. Along the Beijing-Guangzhou Railway at the foot of Taihang Mountain, cities and industries draw a large amount of groundwater, which also causes a large area funnel of shallow groundwater. Due to the over-exploitation of water resources and the lack of pollution control, rivers in many places have dried up, all water has been polluted, and depressions have dried up, causing serious environmental problems.

It is predicted that by 2030, the water shortage in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain will still reach/kloc-0.5 billion ~ 30 billion cubic meters (in dry years) when the potential is fully tapped, the local water resources are utilized, various measures such as water saving and sewage reuse are taken, and the current water diversion from the Yellow River and the Yangtze River is considered, and the groundwater is no longer over-exploited. Considering the water consumption of the ecological environment, the supplementary water source of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project in the future should be more than 30 billion cubic meters, of which more than half should be added to the north of the Yellow River.

2. Preliminary evaluation of different routes of South-to-North Water Transfer Project

After the preliminary evaluation of the routes of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project, it is considered that the three routes proposed by the Ministry of Water Resources can be established, but there are still some difficulties and problems that need to be done quickly. Other "Great Western Line" schemes still lack scientific basis. Now described as follows:

① East line

On the basis of the original water transfer, the East Route Project will increase the water transfer from the north bank of the Yangtze River near Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province by about 654.38+05 billion cubic meters every year, including about 9 billion cubic meters crossing the Yellow River. Use and expand the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal and some parallel rivers to deliver water to Tianjin and build a branch line to Jiaodong Peninsula.

The East Route Project can not only solve the water shortage problem in Jiangsu and Shandong provinces, but also solve the endemic diseases caused by over-exploitation of deep groundwater and high fluorine water in eastern Hebei and the water shortage problem in Tianjin. Its advantages are: direct water diversion from the Yangtze River, rich and reliable water sources; Existing rivers and storage lakes such as the Grand Canal, Hongze Lake and Rome Lake can be used, with less investment and flexible implementation by stages. Its difficulties are: water pollution along the line; Lifting water requires electricity, with a total lift of about 65m, and the operating cost is high.

② midline

After heightening Danjiangkou Reservoir in Hanjiang River, the average possible water diversion for many years is estimated to be about 654.38+0.3 billion cubic meters/year, of which about 7-7.5 billion cubic meters/year will cross the Yellow River. Build a special water conveyance channel to convey water to Beijing along the west side of Beijing-Guangzhou Railway.

The mid-line project can not only solve the water shortage problem in central and eastern Henan Province, but also solve the water shortage problem in central Hebei Province and the most economically developed areas in Beijing. Its advantages are: the present water quality is good; Most of the gravity water diversion, if not counting the construction cost and Danjiangkou power generation loss, has low operating cost. The difficulties are as follows: the water source of Danjiangkou Reservoir in Hanjiang River is relatively limited, and it is difficult to meet the requirements in case of continuous dry years; At present, the planned line lacks lake storage and is difficult to operate; The line north of the Yellow River passes through the rainstorm area and earthquake-prone area at the foot of Taihang Mountain, which has great safety hazards. The dam heightening of Danjiangkou Reservoir requires 250,000 immigrants, and the investment in the main canal infrastructure is also high, so it needs to be completed once to bring benefits into play. Considering the problem of supporting construction, it will take a long time for the main canal to achieve the design benefit, and the instability of the matching between incoming water and water demand will be more difficult to operate if it is built with loans.

③ west line

The west line project transfers water from the main stream of the Yangtze River, Tongtian River and its tributaries, Yalong River and Dadu River, into the upper reaches of the Yellow River to supplement the water source of the Yellow River. It is estimated that the possible water regulation is 654.38+0 billion ~ 654.38+0.5 billion cubic meters/year.

Because the preliminary work has not reached its due depth, it is still difficult to make a comprehensive evaluation, but it is generally estimated that it will be more difficult to implement than the central line and the eastern line.

④ "Great West Line"

There are many schemes for the "Great West Line" project, all of which divert water from the Yarlung Zangbo River, Lancang River, Nujiang River, Jinsha River, Yalong River and Dadu River to the upper reaches of the Yellow River.

After research, it is considered that some projects envisaged by the "Great West Line" do not have realistic technical feasibility in the foreseeable future. Judging from the development trend of China's future population of 65.438+0.6 billion, there is no realistic necessity to reclaim land, emigrate or even build the "Great Western Line".

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