Norse mythology

Nordic mythology, as a system with different styles, lacks the omnipotence of the great god in China mythology, the preaching of the great god in Greek mythology and the strong religious meaning in Indian mythology. Nordic mythology advocates fierceness, praises the sharpness of the blade and the high strength of martial arts, and reflects the heroic stories developed by people in the early primitive commune in the harsh natural environment. The oral spread of Nordic mythology, also known as the myth system in Scandinavia, can be traced back to the 2nd century1-. It was first popular in Norway, Denmark and Sweden, and spread to Iceland with a group of northern immigrants around the 7th century. So far we can see the Icelandic epic Eda and the Germanic epic Song of Nibelungen.

Ada's poor wisdom

197 1 In the early spring, at the port of Reykjavik, the capital of Iceland, all the cabinet members of the Icelandic government led thousands of people from all walks of life to gather here to warmly welcome two literary manuscripts, The Regis Classic and The Flat Island, which were escorted by the Danish warship Ram. These two Icelandic works are the predecessors of Eda and Sakya. Eda is a literary treasure, which is regarded by later generations as a work with the same name as Greek Divine Spectrum, Roman Metamorphosis and Indian Mahabharata.

"Eda" means "great-grandmother" or "ancient tradition" in old Scandinavian, and later it was transformed into "apocalypse". /kloc-at the end of 0/2, the Icelandic poet Snorri Sturason changed the Latin word "edo" into Icelandic word "Eda", meaning to write or write poetry. Eda, an Icelandic poetic style, is a collection of Icelandic folk epics in the Middle Ages. The heroes recorded in it are pirates, from monarchs to slaves. The gods in fairy tales, from Odin to his gods, are pirates. If the heroic epics of ancient Greece and Rome used art and philosophy to publicize and eulogize martyrs and heroes, then Eda was literature in the Viking era, reflecting the social life of pirates at that time.

The poem Ada mainly includes myth and the legend of heroes. Myth is mainly about the creation of the world, the entanglement of God, the pedigree of God, the story of God, the origin of mankind and so on. Before converting to Christianity in 1000, the Icelandic people believed in polytheism, and there were only twelve gods. It can be roughly divided into three types. The first category is Odin, the Lord of all gods, and his family members, representing the ruling class of the clan at that time; The second kind of god is the role of a free man or craftsman represented by Thor; The representative of the third kind of god is Frey, the god of abundance, who is in charge of reproduction and love and manages the harvest. His worship embodies the concept of reproductive worship and sun worship of clan people at that time. There are thirty-eight poems in Eda, among which the fable of the woman soothsayer, a masterpiece of mythology, begins with the appearance of God and ends with the demise of the protoss. After the old order was destroyed, the new world was reborn and revived. The article Loki's Noisy Scold reflects that the clan society is not calm but full of contradictions, and the freedom of status and power is revealed by the gods. This poem is humorous and lively, so several people can sing and perform together. Song of the Skinner is a touching love story. Frey, the god of abundance, fell in love with Gilder, the female giant, and exchanged her magic sword, leaving her with no advantage over the fire giant in the twilight of the gods.

Although Iceland's natural environment is extremely cold and harsh, its heroic epic Eda is full of vitality, illuminating people's determination to constantly create and overcome difficulties. Danish historian Saxon once said: "Icelanders use wisdom to make up for poverty." This may be the spiritual characteristics of Icelanders.

A sad story of the gods dying at dusk.

Nordic mythology has set "ragnarok", a fateful ending that has faced bad luck since the establishment of the world. In the paradise of Asgard, the gods live a pampered life, but only Odin, who has gained wisdom, knows that this golden age will always come to an end, just like the birth and death of human beings, which is inevitable.

The rule of the gods is becoming more and more decadent, the blood relationship is disappearing, and the brothers betray each other. The black dragon nidhogg has been eating the tree of the world. The winter in Fenbul (around 650 BC, the Bronze Age in northern Europe ended, the temperature plummeted and the war broke out) lasted for three years, and three years of war followed. The tribal war between gods continues, and the rooster at the top of the world tree keeps moaning, warning the coming of the end of the world. Subsequently, the southern fire giants Sirte, Fenrir, Jormungandr, Gam, Hella, Vulcan Loki and other monsters besieged the gods together. Odin, the Lord God, led the people to fight with the evil army to the death, but it didn't help: Frey was burned to death by the fire giant Sutter for losing his sword; Garm, the Cerberus, and Tyre, the swordsman (Tyre, the god of war in Nordic mythology, was bitten off when locked by Fenrir, the giant wolf, and became a one-armed god of war, suggesting that the victory of the war can only belong to one side, and the god of war can only protect one side) mutually assured destruction in a bloody battle; Torrick Jormungandr, the serpent, died under the venom; Odin fought Fenrir, the giant wolf, but was killed. His son Vidal (the son of Odin and the female giant, known as the God of Forest or the God of Revenge) shot through the heart of the giant wolf with his father's eternal gun (Gunnir, also known as gunnir), which is very powerful and will definitely hit the target once thrown. When it comes out of the world, there will be light across the sky, and people on the ground call it lightning. Loki's opponent is Heimdahl who guards the Rainbow Bridge (with clairvoyance and ears, guarding the entrance of Asgard day and night to resist the invasion of frost trolls). After several confrontations, Heimdahl cut off Loki's head, but his head turned back and both of them were killed (this confrontation was also reflected in the movie Raytheon).

Heroes fall, the universe is surrounded by fire, the old world is completely destroyed, and another world rises from the sea with Ran Ran. God of light Balder (son of Odin) was endowed with invulnerable magic, but only mistletoe was left. Loki, the god of fire, lured hoddle, the god of darkness, to shoot Bud with an arrow made of mistletoe. The descendants of Odin and Thor survived, and the descendants of mankind lived in an ideal society.

The Lord God Odin gouged out his sharp eyes for wisdom.

Odin is the supreme god in Norse mythology, the king of Asa protoss, the ruler of the world, in charge of war, power, wisdom and death. In the myth, he is a wrinkled old man, wearing a golden helmet, a golden chain mail, a spear Gunnier and a changing gold ring Delaupnier, riding the eight-legged god sleipnir. He usually sits in the ghost hall, with two wolves Geely (greed) and Fletcher (desire) squatting at his feet, and two crows named Eugene (thought) and Mourning (memory) perched on his shoulders. They fly around the world every day and come back to report to Odin. Odin has many stories, but he is famous for losing his eyes to gain wisdom. In Eda's first poem "The Fable of the Female Fortune-teller", Odin personally visited Mimir, the giant guarding the fountain of wisdom, and exchanged his sharp eyes for the wisdom of runes (a spell that can gain infinite power as long as it is engraved on wood and stone), and saw the bad luck of the gods in advance at dusk, thus preparing for the war.

An honest and frank teenager, Thor.

Thor is the god in charge of war and agriculture in Nordic mythology. His duty is to protect the security of the kingdom of the gods and patrol the world for farming. According to Norwegian legend, Thor is on patrol whenever there is a thunderstorm. Thor is a big man with amazing arm strength and a red beard. He has several magic weapons: Miol Neal, the hammer of Thor, can return to Thor once thrown; Jahn Glippel, iron gloves, specially used with Raytheon hammer; Megangiod, the belt of power, can double the power of Thor. Thor got on a rickshaw for a ram. He was hungry on the way, so he slaughtered the sheep and ate them, and the bones were intact. The next day, he just knocked with a magic hammer, and the ram immediately woke up and returned to the road.

Thor has always given people the image of courage, integrity and recklessness, that is, the representative of foolhardy. His subversive and playful story comes from Eda's ninth Song of the Giant Triem, in which Raytheon's magic hammer was stolen by Triem and hidden deep underground. Triem is very arrogant. In order to get a gold necklace, he asks freya (Freya, the god of love and beauty in Norwegian mythology) to be his bride, and Brich and Gaman will spend the night with a dwarf) to hand over the magic hammer. The gods naturally refused, so he came up with a bridge where Thor pretended to be a bride to cheat the giant, and together with Loki, he searched for a hammer. Thor wore fine clothes at the wedding reception, but he couldn't change his masculinity:

? "The bride and her party came at dusk,

Time giants cheered and thundered,

Honey wine is served at the wedding banquet.

Thor ate a whole cow by himself,

All women's sweets are in their stomachs,

Swallow eight trout at a time,

Sif's husband let go of the whale drink.

I drank three barrels of mead. "

Just when the giant became suspicious, the clever Loki skillfully resolved it with the bride's journey of not eating for eight days. When the giant lifted the bride's veil and found that it was Raytheon's leopard head and eyes, Loki quickly said that the bride had not slept for eight nights, got married and got away with it, and successfully tricked the giant into handing over the magic hammer. Thor hammer, giants are naturally born to die.

Loki, Vulcan, men are cute when they are bad.

Lori, the god of pranks in Norse mythology, is the son of giant Faboti. Loki is handsome, but clever and cunning. He has countless minds without praiseworthy artifacts and has done many good deeds (like the fire it symbolizes, happiness and misfortune depend on each other). He once helped the protoss cheat the giant into building the wall of Asgard, and paid for Odin and others to get the magic weapon, and joined hands with Raytheon to challenge the frost giant. But his evil deeds are worse. He cut off the blonde hair of Thor's wife Sifu (although he made a fake headdress with gold silk afterwards), kidnapped Eton, the goddess of longevity who was in charge of keeping the golden apples of longevity (although Freya's wings finally made compensation), and encouraged hoddle, the god of darkness, to shoot god of light Budd. From then on, he was regarded as an "evil god" and was expelled from the golden palace by the gods.

Of course, his greatest evil deed is giving birth to the evil wolf fenrisulfr (a huge wolf monster with his mouth open and his chin on the ground, locked by the dwarf's magic chain geliphir, sacrificing the hand of the god of war Tyre as a bet), the serpent Jormungandr and Hella (the god of death in Nordic mythology, hela, whose upper body is a woman and her lower body is rotten, living in.

Although Loki has done such evil deeds, it is always hard for the world to dislike him. His wit and cunning have repeatedly made great achievements in the protoss, and his bitter satire on the seemingly serious but decadent gods makes people laugh. In Loki's Noisy Scold, the eighth volume of Eda, Loki teased the gods one by one at the banquet and poked others' spines.

"Shut your mouth, Freya,

? I know you're not what you look like,

Are you an blameless fairy,

Here, as gods and dwarfs,

? Every man is your lover. "

Freya retorted:

? "You're talking nonsense,

You growled and made up obscene rumors.

The gods and goddesses of asir tribes,

Everyone hates your guts,

Sooner or later, you will be cramped and skinned by them. "

Loki retorted:

? "You are a slutty witch,

Countless men have been bewitched,

Even his own brother wouldn't let go,

Brother and sister incest, the gods are making fun of them,

You pretend not to know. "

As mentioned earlier, Freya made out with gnome craftsmen in order to get the treasure Brich Gaman that all men dumped for her; Although she has a nominal husband, Odur, the god of summer, she has an affair with other male gods.

The myth before us

Fairy tales and poems in northern Europe are obscure and keep people away, but the content extended from myths is carried forward and spread in the corner of life. In terms of movies, the superhero movie Raytheon, released on 20 1 1, tells the story that Raytheon was banished to the earth to find his own hammer, M 'Neill. As the villain in the play, Loki, played by Tom Hiddleston, has both good and evil, which is in line with his performance in mythical poetry, and the plot of losing the hammer is also reflected in the poem "Eda". Other works that reflect, draw lessons from and adapt Nordic mythology or Viking life include The Ring of Nibelungen, The Golden Compass, The Grinch in Camouflage, How to Train Your Dragon, The Lord of the Rings and The Viking Heroes Hall.

In the early years, there was a stand-alone game "Age of Myth", which was a real-time strategy game. In the game, players could play a plot or encounter with one of the Greek, Egyptian or Nordic armies, which was rich in playability. The dwarves in Hero 5 are also full of Nordic elements. They have high fire resistance and casting talent, and built huge castles, tunnels and mines in extremely cold places. Just like the dwarves in the game World of Warcraft, they are loyal and stubborn, brave and slightly greedy. Valkyria (the person who chose the dead), Valchi RIA, as Odin's emissary in the human world, rode a horse or turned into a swan, and assumed the function of summoning the souls of battlefield soldiers to the soul hall (the hall where the undead were received in Nordic mythology, and Odin chose the army to fight side by side with the protoss at dusk), which appeared in many games, including "Handmaid who guides the undead" and "Game" in World of Warcraft. Olaf in League of Legends is also based on Nordic mythology. He was born in Rocklaw, the wildest part of Fredrod, waving a big axe and wearing a typical Viking costume. His slaying of the frost serpent in the characters' stories is exactly the same as Thor's brave confrontation with jormungandr (a giant snake that blocked the world, so it is also called "the earth python") in The Battle of the Twilight Gods. Tribal Wars and Clash of the Royals, which are popular on the mobile phone platform, are strategy games launched by Finnish game company supercell, which are full of the shadow of Nordic mythology in barbarians, dragons, Valkyrie and Wu Shen.

Nordic fairy tales are very rich, simple and interesting There will inevitably be some omissions in this article, and friends who like it can still find poems to read carefully.