Classification of study visas

Visa processing is a complicated process, but if international students can know the relevant situation of visa processing in advance and prepare visa processing materials as soon as possible, they can get twice the result with half the effort. However, for international students, before applying for a visa, they must first determine the type of visa they need to apply for. Let's take a look at the classification of study visas.

1, visa type

(1) According to the access situation:

It can be divided into exit visas, entry visas, entry visas and re-entry visas.

The exit visa only allows the holder to leave the country. If it is necessary to enter the country, another entry visa is required. The entry visa only allows the holder to enter the country, and if he needs to leave the country, he must apply for an exit visa again. Holders of entry-exit visas can leave or re-enter the country. Holders of multiple entry and exit visas can be allowed to enter and leave the country within the validity period of the visa.

(2) According to the reasons for entry and exit:

Routine can be divided into seven types: immigrant visa, non-immigrant visa, study visa, tourist visa, work visa, business visa and family visa. The situation in each country is different.

(3) according to the length of time:

Visa is divided into long-term visa and short-term visa. The concept of a long-term visa is to stay in the destination country for more than 3 months. It usually takes a long time to apply for a long-term visa, regardless of the purpose of the visit. A visa that stays in the destination country for no more than 3 months is called a short-term visa, and it takes a relatively short time to apply for a short-term visa.

(4) According to the number of valid visas:

General visas can be divided into one valid visa, two valid visas and multiple valid visas. The number of valid visas refers to the number of entry and exit times that the holder can use during the validity period of the visa. A valid visa becomes invalid once it is used. Two valid visas, that is, you can use them twice within the validity period of the visa. Multiple valid visas, that is, within the validity period of the visa, the holder can enter and leave its territory multiple times. For example, some tourist visas for Australia and India allow multiple entry and exit within three or six months. In some countries, work visas are also applicable to multiple entry. Of course, what kind of visa to issue, how long it is valid and how many times it is valid are decided by the visa authority according to the specific situation of the entry applicant.

2. The validity period of the visa

Visa has a certain standard format, which generally includes visa type, entry purpose, residence period, effective date, issuing institution, issuing official, date and visa fee. The validity of a visa refers to a period of time from the date of issuance of the visa to the future. After this period, the visa will be invalid. Generally, countries issue entry visas valid for 3 months, while some countries issue entry visas valid for 1 month. Some countries have strict restrictions on the validity of visas, such as Germany, which only issues visas according to the date of application. The validity of transit visas is generally short.

3. Visa duration

The duration of the visa refers to the time allowed for the holder to stay after entering the country. The difference between it and the visa validity period is that the visa validity period refers to the use period of the visa, that is, the holder can enter and leave the country within the specified time. If a country's entry-exit visa is valid for 3 months and the stay time is 15 days, the visa can be used for entry and exit on any day within 3 months from the date of issuance, but the holder can only stay in the country for 15 days from the date of entry to the date of exit. Some countries must enter the country within 3 months after issuance, and the stay period after entry is 1 month; In some countries, the visa entry period and stay period are the same. For example, the validity period and stay period of the American visitor visa is three months, that is, the entrant is valid for three months and can only stay for three months after entering the country. The validity period of the visa is generally 1 month or 3 months; The longest is generally half a year or more than 1 year, such as employment and study visa; The shortest is 3 days or 7 days, such as a transit visa.

4. Transit visa

Transit refers to going to a third country. Citizens of a country can travel directly to their destination when they travel internationally, but when they go to other countries, they often need to go through one or two countries before they finally enter the destination country. At this time, it is necessary to obtain not only the entry permit of the country, but also the transit permit of the country, which is generally called a transit visa. The regulations on transit visas vary from country to country, from loose to strict. Some need visas, and some are visa-free. There are also regulations that do not require visas within the specified time and scope. Those who exceed the time limit and scope must go through the visa formalities. Many countries stipulate that all foreigners who enter a third country through the country will apply for a visa, regardless of their stay.

According to international practice, if there are no special restrictions, citizens of a country should be issued with transit visas as long as they hold valid passports, entry visas or joint air tickets. If you go to a visa-free country or a port visa country through the visa issuing country, you must hold an invitation letter or a port visa approval certificate from that country before you can apply for a transit visa from that country. You can also apply for one transit, two transit and multiple transit as needed. Generally speaking, transit visas are issued according to the requirements of the application. In some cases, transit visas may not be issued or not issued as required. In this case, we can transfer to other countries or stay at the airport when transferring.

5. Mutual visa exemption

Mutual visa exemption is based on the agreement signed by the foreign ministries of the two countries, and both sides can freely enter and leave each other's territory with valid passports. With the promotion of China's national status and the continuous development of business and tourism with other countries, in order to facilitate friendly exchanges between citizens of various countries, the visa system in many countries tends to be more and more simplified. Citizens of other countries do not need to apply for visas when entering or leaving the country, because many countries have signed visa-free agreements. Even between countries in Europe, citizens of one country can travel freely between countries with their identity certificates without passports and visas.