The origin of Gothic architecture? Gothic descent? What's the connection between the two?

Gothic architecture originated in northern France at the end of 1 1. Popular in13-15th century, its architectural form was mainly Catholic church, which also influenced some secular buildings in this period. And with its superb skills and achievements, it set off a Gothic wave at that time, which made it occupy an extremely important position in the history of architecture.

In fact, the famous Amiens Cathedral is a work of Gothic architecture in its heyday. At that time, the Cathedral of Reims, the Cathedral of chartres and the Cathedral of Beauvais were also called the four Gothic churches in France.

At that time, some churches in France had already appeared the initial prototype of ribbed vault and flying crib. At that time, people thought that the first truly Gothic church was Saint-Denis church on the outskirts of Paris. The four-corner coupon of this church skillfully solved the problem of rib vault structure between arches, and also used a large area of stained glass windows for the first time, which was followed by many churches in the future. At that time, although the plane of the French Gothic church was a Latin cross, its transverse wings rarely stood out. The main entrance of the church is in the west, the East Ring Hall has a circular corridor, and many small worship rooms are arranged radially. The interior of the church, especially the central hall, is very spectacular with a large number of full-color glass windows. The most striking feature of its appearance is that there are many large and small minarets and minarets, and sometimes minarets are built on the high bell tower in the west. There is a very high steeple on the roof where the two planes meet, and there are exquisite spires on the buttresses and battlements. The windows are very high, the whole church has a strong sense of upward movement, and the carving content is extremely rich.

The west facade of the church is the most important part of the building, and its typical composition is: there are a pair of tall bell towers on both sides, and the lower part is horizontally connected by a horizontal coupon gallery. Three of the doors are perspective doors composed of return coupons, and the surface of the coupons is covered with statues. There is a big circle above the main entrance, called the rose window. Its exquisite and gorgeous carving is not lost to the ancient carving art in China, but it is unique. The representative work of the early Gothic church in France is Notre Dame de Paris.

Gothic architecture is mainly composed of stone skeleton coupons and flying buttresses. Its basic unit is to make a bicentric skeleton point connection on the pillars at the four corners of a square or rectangular plane, one on four sides and one on the diagonal, and the slate of the roof is supported on the connection to form a vault. In this way, coupons with the same height can be made on different spans, and the vault is light in weight and clear in intersection, which reduces a lot of stamping thrust and simplifies a lot of repeated construction. Make it the mainstream building at that time.

Gothic architecture in Britain appeared late and was popular in12-16th century. Gothic architecture in Germany first appeared in 1948, designed by the French who built Amiens Cathedral at that time, with the church style of French Gothic heyday. Gothic architecture in Italy was introduced from abroad in the middle of12nd century, mainly affecting the central and northern regions. However, Italy does not really accept the structural system and modeling principles of Gothic architecture, but regards it as a decorative style, so it is extremely difficult to find a "pure" Gothic church in Italy.

However, in the second half of the19th century, European architectural styles changed frequently, and different architectural styles such as baroque, classicism, rococo, neoclassicism, romanticism and eclecticism appeared in four or five hundred years.

Goths are Germanic tribes. From the first century A.D., the Romans knew that they lived in the border area of the Danube. When the Huns moved from Central Asia to the west, the Goths fled the region because of pressure. They moved westward to Europe and crossed the Danube to escape the oncoming nomadic tribes. After the decline of Rome, the Goths in the early Middle Ages competed with other barbarians for the land left by the Western Roman Empire.

The only thing we know is that the Goths came from Glen Island in the Baltic Sea and split into two groups when crossing into Central Europe. Visigoths settled in present-day Romania in the second century AD. Ostrogoths continued to migrate eastward to the northwest coast of the Black Sea. In 376, under the oppression of Huns, Visigoths crossed the Danube from present-day Romania. The total number of men, women and children is about 60 thousand. They defeated the Roman army from Constantinople, once settled on the south bank of the Danube, and then advanced to Italy. In 409, the Visigoths plundered Rome under the leadership of King alaric, and then moved north to Gaul. The Romans had to give up Gaul in the southwest, and their power eventually expanded to the whole of Spain today.

Ostrogoths deserted under the rule of Huns, followed the route taken by his relatives (Visigoths) and entered Italy in the late fifth period. This invasion was instigated by the Eastern Roman Empire, because the Eastern Roman Empire wanted to consume the strength of these peoples and then rule Italy as a governor. Under the command of Theodoric (the king of Switzerland and the Balkans today), the Goths entered Italy in 488 and completely conquered Italy in 493.

After the death of Theodoric in 526, the kingdom didn't last long. In 536 AD, Byzantium sent an army under the command of General Belicha Russ to Italy under the pretext of competing for the right to the throne. Byzantium hoped to recapture Italy and restore the territory of the Roman Empire in the west. The war has been going on, and with plague and famine, rural areas have been seriously damaged. In 552, ostrogoths was finally defeated in Italy. In the late 6th century, Italy was invaded by the neo-barbarian Lombardi, ostrogoths was wiped out, and the survivors disintegrated into small groups.

The visigoths stayed in the kingdom of Spain for a long time. In the late 5th century, Frank Clovis drove the Visigoths from France to areas outside the Pyrenees. With the death of Clovis, his kingdom was also divided, which made the Visigoths breathe a sigh of relief. 7 1 1 year, the new threat comes from the south. Muslim troops crossed the sea from North Africa, and it took only four years to destroy the last Gothic kingdom.

The Goths were the first armed force that plundered Rome in history, and this alone made future generations unforgettable. And the order of the ancient world began to collapse in Europe. They appreciated the city of Rome and tried to protect it, so many Roman cultures were preserved. For example, the languages of modern Italy, Spain, Portugal and Romania are all derived from Latin, and then influenced by the residents in these areas, forming the languages of these countries, similar to Germanic languages handed down from Britain.