Brief introduction of Zheng Chenggong's life

[Edit this paragraph] A brief introduction to Zheng Chenggong's life

Zheng Chenggong (1624- 1662) was a national hero in Ming and Qing dynasties. His real name is Sen, also known as Fu Song, and his name is Yan Minhe. Damu, Han nationality, is from Shijing Town, Nan 'an City, Fujian Province. A.D. 1624 was born in Hirado, Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan on August 27th. Historical records recorded that he was "young, smart, brave and promising". His father's name is Zheng Zhilong and his mother is Tian. His ancestral home is Deng da miao cun, Wang Peng Township, Gushi County, Henan Province. When he was a student, Emperor Long gave Zhu the surname and gave him loyalty and filial piety, so he was commonly known as the "national surname". When the Qing soldiers entered Fujian, his father Zheng Zhilong greeted him. He cried and remonstrated, and got up against the Qing Dynasty. After the Northern Expedition with Zhang Huangyan, it shook the southeast. In the first year of Kangxi (1662), he led tens of thousands of soldiers, set out from Xiamen, landed in Taiwan Province Province and Liaogang, defeated the Dutch colonists, recovered Taiwan Province Province, and made him immortal. Zheng Chenggong died of illness at the end of 1662, and lived for 38 years.

[Edit this paragraph] Be loyal to your country and fight against Manchu.

After the Qing army entered Beijing, in the second year of Shunzhi (1645), the regime established in Nanjing by Zhu Yousong, a legacy of the Ming Dynasty, was destroyed, so Zhu Chengzu, a Ming ancestor, proclaimed himself emperor in Fuzhou with the title of "longwu". Emperor Long named Zheng Zhilong as Jian 'anbo, and later named Ping Guogong. Zheng Zhilong took Zheng Sen, then 2 1 year-old, to visit the emperor Shane. During the dinner, the emperor asked how to save the country. Zheng Sen used Yue Fei's words in the Southern Song Dynasty: "Civil servants don't love money, military officers don't hesitate to die, and the world is at peace." Emperor Longwu appreciated Zheng Sen's answer and gave Zhu, the national surname of the Ming Dynasty, a name changed to Success, which made him loyal and filial, which is why he is commonly known as Ye, the national surname. At the age of 22, Zheng Chenggong was appointed commander-in-chief of the Imperial Camp of Emperor Qianlong in Nanming. In the third year of Qing Shunzhi (1646, the second year of Nanming Longwu), the Qing army conquered Fujian and Emperor Longwu of Tang Dynasty was killed. Encouraged by Hong Chengchou, a great scholar in the Qing Dynasty, Zheng Chenggong's father thought that the Ming Dynasty was over, and despite Zheng Chenggong's opposition, he went north to surrender to the Qing court alone. At this time, the Qing army plundered Zheng Jia, and his mother Tian committed suicide to avoid the humiliation of the Qing army. In the second year of Longwu (1647 65438+ 10), Zheng Chenggong formed an army in Liyu (Little Golden Gate), and the banner was titled "Loyalty, Filial Piety, Bo Zhao, General Zhu Chenggong, Minister of Criminal Affairs". Li Yong was renamed Nanming Li Yong in the third year (1649), and Li Yong made him the king of Yanping County, so some people called him Zheng Yanping. From 165 1 to 1652, we won three victories in Xiaoyingling and Haicheng (now Longhai) in southern Fujian and annihilated the main army stationed in Minqing. After that, Zhoushan in Zhejiang Province in the north and Jieyang in Guangdong Province in the south. In the 12th year of Shunzhi (1655), Du Ji, the general of Dingyuan in the Qing Dynasty, led about 30,000 troops into Fujian to attack Zheng Jun together with the troops stationed in Fujian ... Zheng Chenggong took advantage of the weakness that the Qing army was not good at water fighting and lured the Qing army to go to sea to fight. In April of the following year, his navy was completely annihilated in the waters near Weitou, Xiamen. During the period of 16 years after the uprising, Zheng Chenggong completely controlled the sea power of the small islands in Xiaojinmen and Xiamen (which were islands at that time and were not connected with the mainland). In order to do business with foreigners, raise funds and prepare military forces, he set up commercial positions in the mainland and collected a lot of information from the Qing army and the court. He sent troops several times and also negotiated with the Qing court to gain time to restore his strength. In the Qing Dynasty, Zheng Zhilong wrote to Zheng Chenggong many times at the request of the Qing court. The Qing emperor also wrote a letter conferring Zheng Chenggong as General Jinghai, but Zheng Chenggong refused to accept it. In the 14th year of Shunzhi (1657), Zheng Zhilong and Zheng Chenggong's private letters were intercepted by the Qing court, and they immigrated to Ningguta of Zheng Zhilong to collaborate with the enemy.

In the 16th year of Shunzhi (1659), the Qing army captured the capital of Yunnan, and Emperor Li Yong was in danger. General Lu Wang restrained the Qing soldiers, commanded the navy and army10.7 million yuan for the Northern Expedition, entered the Yangtze River the following year, surrounded Nanjing in Kegua Prefecture and Zhenjiang, and recovered some areas near Ningwan. Zheng Chenggong sent Zhang Huangyan to Wuhu to defend the important town along the river west of Nanjing, while Zheng Chenggong personally led troops to attack Nanjing. In the Qing Dynasty, Lang, Governor of Liangjiang, guarded Nanjing. This man is very cunning. In order to delay time and wait for reinforcements, he made a plan to slow down the troops and pretended to surrender to Zheng Chenggong, which made Zheng Chenggong relax his vigilance and secretly sent people out of the city for help. At dawn on July 23, Zheng Chenggong's army was attacked by the Qing army and suffered heavy casualties. Zheng Chenggong led the rest of the staff back to the Xiamen-Zhangzhou base area. After Zheng Chenggong retreated, Zhang Huangyan stayed in Anhui and was defeated by the Qing army. He fled back to Zhejiang in disguise, and the places near Anhui and Nanjing were occupied by the Qing army. Although Zheng Chenggong was defeated by underestimating the enemy in this attack, it shook the rule of the Qing Dynasty in the southeast and shocked the central government of the Qing Dynasty in Beijing.

In the seventeenth year of Shunzhi (1660), Li, the governor of Fujian in Qing Dynasty, was annihilated in haimen port (now Long Haidong), and more than 40,000 navy men fought with the Qing general Dasu in Taihe, thus reviving the military power.

Zheng Chenggong's most important ally-Wang Jin Li Dingguo

If Zheng Chenggong's greatest regret in his life is his relationship with Li Dingguo, the leader of the Southwest Anti-Qing Movement.

Zheng Chenggong's name is a household name, and his popularity is far above that of Li Dingguo. But perhaps few people know that Li Dingguo is the most respected person in his life, his closest strategic ally, his closest relative and an "old relative". One is the king of Xining in Nanming (the late Jin Dynasty), and the other is the king of Yanping in Nanming (the late Chao Dynasty), whose status and influence are still under Dingguo. The successful niece married the eldest son of Dingguo. Later, the Qing army attacked Yunnan and Guizhou on a large scale, and Nanming was defeated and killed with his husband. )

Zheng Chenggong's most glorious achievement in his life was not to recover Taiwan Province Province, but to fight against the Qing soldiers. One with Li Dingguo in Guangxi and Yunnan, and the other on the southeast coast, which frequently dealt a fatal blow to the Qing soldiers and supported the Nanming regime for 20 years, is a towering pillar; Forcing the Qing court to make concessions, which laid the groundwork for the later "Kangxi rule".

He is an out-and-out national hero, but not only because he subdued Taiwan Province Province, but also because he stubbornly resisted the invasion of the Qing army, provided protection for overseas Chinese in Nanyang, and founded the "Heaven and Earth Society" to leave an anti-Qing fire, which lasted for hundreds of years.

There are many articles about the relationship between Li Dingguo and Zheng Chenggong in the history circle, mostly based on the fact that both of them insisted on anti-Qing, and their achievements were far from other anti-Qing armed forces. Moreover, they exchanged letters and entered into marriage contracts, so the history books were flooded with praise, as if they were all outstanding figures who were loyal to the cause of regaining sight and went to the national disaster together.

But as far as historical facts are concerned, the plan to join hands with Guangdong was formulated by Li Dingguo. 1653, 1654 (ten or eleven years of Shunzhi), what he dreamed of was to attack Zheng Chenggong from east to west and take the first step to recover Guangdong, Guangxi and reorganize mountains and rivers. However, this is only the wishful thinking of the country, and Zheng Chenggong does not want to do so. The reason is not that he can't see that linking Guangdong is the key to the revival of Nanming, but that he puts the interests of Zheng Group headed by him in the most important position. The study of Zheng Chenggong's whole experience after joining the army shows that he is a very ambitious man. Under the situation of confrontation and national division in Ming and Qing Dynasties, his political influence is not enough to compete with the two coexisting regimes in Ming and Qing Dynasties for the people's hearts (including officials and gentry). Therefore, his strategy is that whoever can let him act arbitrarily in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, or carve land for himself, will serve him. In his own words, his ideal is to be a "phoenix" rather than a "tiger and leopard" in a trap. So he would say something like this: "If the Qing Dynasty can believe the news, it is the A Qing Dynasty;" If you don't believe your son, you are just Amin's minister. In short, you can only be a "distant servant" and not "subject to others". This is the ideological root of "comparing Korea" that he and later Zheng Jing have always put forward.

The Qing court's repeated overtures (called "peace talks" by the founder) failed precisely because he was only given a high salary and never promised him relative independence. Under this condition, Zheng Chenggong can only be a "statement". By the same token, his "always being wise" does not mean that he is willing to obey the orders of the Ming court without reservation and abide by the Minister's Day. On the southeast coast, after the death of Emperor Longwu, he "always served the Tang Dynasty" (in Zhang Huangyan), treated Lu Jianguo with courtesy and tried his best to make the soldiers belonging to Lu Jianguo obey himself. On the one hand, he hoped that the anti-Qing forces, such as Daxi and Dashun Army, which were originally in Li Yong Crescent, could hold and hold off most of the Qing soldiers to relieve their pressure. On the other hand, he is very political-minded, and foresees that if the main forces and things are deployed to attack together at the request of the state, there is no doubt that he will win, and the situation of Fujian and Guangdong fighting each other and forming one body will change.