General situation of Qujiang main stream

There are three theories about the source of Qujiang. There are rivers in the north, Zhouhe in the east and Bahe (or Xiyuan) in the north.

Beiyuan Datong River originated in Daba Mountain area of Shaanxi Province and has three tributaries. Xiaotongjiang River originates from Beiba River in Beiba District of Nanzheng County, Hanzhong District, Shaanxi Province, with an altitude of 1829 meters. Datong River originates from Dahe District, Xixiang County, Shaanxi Province and Dachi Township, Jianchi District, zhenba county, with an altitude of about 1.600 meters. The three sources all cross the Daba Mountain area, enter Sichuan in Tongjiang County, gather several tributaries along the way, and then flow into Shuangjiang District of Pingchang County to join Bahe River, which is called Qujiang, and continue to flow south.

Dongyuanzhou River originates from the southwest foot of Daba Mountain at the junction of Sichuan and Shaanxi, and flows to the southwest. Meet Bahe River in Sanhui Town, named Qujiang.

Xiyuanba River originates from the southern foot of Micang Mountain at the junction of Sichuan and Shaanxi, and flows southward. Qujiang River is named after the confluence of two rivers and Sanhui Town in Quxian County. Generally speaking, Bahe River is the positive source. The main stream of Qujiang River starts from Sanhui Town, Quxian County, and flows through 8 towns, including Sanhui District, Tuxi District, Linba District, Suburb, Qujiang Town, Xiandu District, Langya District, and 2 1 town in Quxian County from north to south, among which it successively flows into tributaries such as Yongxing River, Guixi River, Liujiang River and Zhongtan River.

The length of rivers in Quxian County is 99.8km, the basin area is 36,224km2, the annual average flow rate is 639.92m3/s, the domestic drop is18m, and the average riverbed gradient is 0. 16%.

Leave the country from Wajiao Beach in Langya Township at the southernmost tip of Quxian County, enter Qinlao Village in Xiaoxi Township of Guang 'an County, obliquely cross the central part of Guang 'an County from northeast to southwest, flow through Hengsheng District, Stalagmite District, Guange District, Daicheng District, Kwun Tong District, Xiexing District, Guangfu District and Huaying City, and enter Zhonghe District and Luodu District of Yuechi County from Laojun Village in Hualong Township of Guangfu District. In the meantime, there are Linxi River, Luodu River, Xinmin River and Qujiang River originating from Huaying Mountain Range.

In Yuechi County, Qujiang entered the county from Yujiazui in Guang 'an District, crossed Zhonghe, Long Fu and Luodu towns from northeast to southeast, and flowed out to Laoguanguan in Sailong Town. The county is 40 kilometers long and 500-700 meters wide, with a water area of 860.67 hectares. In 43 years, the average annual flow is 730 cubic meters per second, and the average annual runoff is 20 billion cubic meters.

The exit of Danxikou, Shunliangzhai Village, Sailong Township, Yuechi County, enters the northeast of Hechuan District, Chongqing, and flows through the incense burner, wharf, mosquito dragon, ancient city, Sun Jia, Weixi, Shuanghuai, Laitan, Xiaomian, Baisha and Daman in Zone 5. Bahe River originates from the southern foot of Micang Mountain in Pingxi Village, Yuquan Township, Nanjiang County. From east to west, it obliquely passes through Yuquan, Guanba and Shangshang Township, turns south at Yinxingba, and leaves the country through Tan, Qiao Ting, Nianpan, Nanjiang Town, Xiaohe, Shi Kuang, Shahe, Chixi, Xia Liang and Yuantan. From north to south, it has successively accepted tributaries from the east, such as Shangliang River, Liuxi River, Louhe River, Yuejia River, Tuanjie River, Leba River and Mingshui River, and injected them into Bahe River at Daxikou, Bazhong County. Total length138km, and Liucheng covers an area of 2732km2. Historical maximum flood peak discharge 10700 cubic meters per second. The upper reaches of Bahe River are locally called Nanjiang in Nanjiang County. Nanjiang has many tributaries. Nanjiang started from Daxikou, Bazhong County, formerly known as Bahe. After being accepted by Zaolin Township, Bazhou Town and sanjiang town, enyang River flows eastward to Liang Yong, and its riverbed turns counterclockwise, flows from south to north through Zengkou District, then turns to northwest, flows to Liu Hong Village in Jinbei Township, and exits into Pingchang County. The inland river in the county is 57 kilometers long. The maximum flow rate is 8670 cubic meters per second.

After entering Pingchang County, Bahe River winds from northwest to southeast, flows through Meng 'antuo, Lancaodu, Tanxikou, Jiangkou Town, Xieba River, Fengtan and Baiyimiao to Huang Meixi, and enters Daxian County, with a river length of 79 kilometers and a drainage area of 1670 square kilometers. Rivers 1 1, with a drainage area of 100 square kilometers, including Guanyin River, Guojiahe River, Blacksmith River, Sima River, Qitan River, Tongjiang River, Dengzi River and Hanshui River. According to the records of Fengtan Shuiwen Station, the maximum peak discharge of this reach is 26,700 cubic meters per second, the minimum discharge is 10.4 cubic meters per second, and the average discharge for many years is 339 cubic meters per second. The largest floods occurred in 1847,1925 (May 3) and1965 (May 3). The flood level is as high as 25 meters. The widest estuary is located in Wangjiatuo, Jiangkou Town, with a width of 320 meters, and the narrowest estuary is in Yubaoliang 100 meters in Zhuo 'an Township.

Bahe River enters Huang Mao Creek, Jiangling Township, Baozi District, western Daxian County, flows through Yanzi Village, Daorang Township, turns sharply south, passes Luoche, Qiaowan, Shiti and Zaishengqiao Village, and enters Quxian County. The inland river in the county is 60 kilometers long, with the maximum flood peak flow 13000 cubic meters per second.

Bahe River enters from Qingheba in the northeast of Quxian County, twists and turns from north to south, surrounds the northeast of the county, flows through Chongwen, Yongxing and Sanhui, where it joins Zhouhe to form Qujiang River. The flow rate is 4 1km, and the drainage area is 20000km2. The annual average flow rate is 380 cubic meters per second, and the maximum flow rate is 32,300 cubic meters per second ... Bahe River is 375 kilometers from its source to Sanhui.

Mingshui River, the largest tributary of Bahe River, was named Bashui from Sui Dynasty to Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, renamed Bajiang in Northern Song Dynasty and Mingshui in Southern Song Dynasty. It originates from Muzhuya, Shaba Township, Yuanba District, Guangyuan City, Sichuan Province, at the southern foot of Tiechuan Mountain, and flows through Shaba, Xiqing, Chang Gan, Lu Guan, Xingma, Dahe, Shiban, Gao Qiao and other places. It receives more than 30 tributaries along the way and flows into Nanjiang one kilometer northeast of Xialianghekou, with a total length of115km. Liucheng covers an area of about 1080 square kilometers. The maximum flow is 1600 m3/s, the minimum flow is 0.34 m3/s, and the maximum annual runoff is 430 million m3 (1964). Xiaowuxia in the upper reaches of Mingshui River is located at the foot of Hualinguan Pass, with steep cliffs on both sides, pale branches hanging upside down, stiff poles flying across the sky and grotesque stone scales.

Enyang River, the largest tributary accepted by Bahe River in Bazhong County, originated at the southern foot of Wuyun Mountain in wangcang county, passed through Zheng Zhi and Fengyichang in Nanjiang County, and entered Lijiaba in Fuxing Township, Bazhong County. On the way, we accept Shilong River (and the upper reaches of Sao Tang River), Muqing River and Chaba River, and then flow into Sanjiangkou and into Bahe River. The average annual flow is 26.6 cubic meters per second. The maximum flow rate is 6780 cubic meters per second. Zhouhe, formerly known as Tongchuan River, was named after flowing through Daxian County, and was called Dazhou in the Ming Dynasty, which has been in use ever since. There are three at the source of the state river.

Dongyuan comes from Guangtou Mountain, Dongyan Township, Chengkou County, and water gushes from the second cave. After accepting Yanzi River in Zhongming, Taoyuan and Liaoyu townships, they left Chengkou County in Zhouling Township, entered Datangkou in Xuanhan County from the northeast, crossed the southeast of the county, and passed through Song Ji, Longquan (Hekou), Ferry, Fan Kuai, Huang Tu, Huajing, Wubao, Chixi and Kunjing. He Qian was called Guandong water in ancient times, also known as irrigation river. The whole basin covers an area of 2754 square kilometers, and the main stream is 145 kilometers long. The natural drop is 327m, and the average riverbed gradient is 2.3‰. He Qian has a developed water system with many tributaries. Xuanhan County has three tributaries with a drainage area of 100 square kilometers and nine tributaries with a drainage area of 50 square kilometers.

The Central Plains comes from the southwest of Baizhi Mountain, Baizhi Township, Chengkou County, with an altitude of1050m. It flows through towns such as Shuanghe, and the river in Chengkou County is 50 kilometers long. It enters Xuanhan County at Shizixi, then passes through the northern part of the county, flows through Tieshi, Xinhua, Changxi and Huangjin Township, and flows into Houhe River at Puguang. The Central Plains is called Zhonghe. Zhonghe was called Qiu Yishui in ancient times, also known as Zhongjiang and Qianjiang. The basin area in the middle reaches is 1.402 km2, and the average annual flow is 16.67 m3/s. From the source to the confluence, the length of the river is 1.0 1.5 km. Among them, the basin area in Xuanhan County is 596.4 square kilometers, the main stream is 5 1.8 kilometers long, and the natural drop is 106 meters, with an average gradient of 2‰.

The west source comes from the Tiepu at the foot of Zhaojiashan, Beipiwo Township, Wanyuan County, and the main source is located in Bailong Cave, Dahengshan. The big spring water exposed in Longdong Cave is the birthplace of Houhe River, with an altitude of1480m. In Wanyuan County, it flows from east to west to Jingzhuba, flows south, runs through the whole territory of Wanyuan County 104 km, and then enters Xuanhan County, passing through Taiping Town and Guandu, Qinghua, Changba, Tan and other 10 market towns, and there are more than ten streams along the way. The larger ones are Haoba River, Manaoxi River, Chijiahe River, Miaogou River, Qingxi River, Longxing River, Baisha River and Sancha River. Until Dashuidang entered Xuanhan County, it ran through the northwest of the county and passed through eight towns including Maoba, Hu Jia, Puguang, Qingping, Qingxi, Hong Xin, Northwest and Dongxiang Town. And meet He Qian River at the estuary in the east of the county seat. The west source is Houhe River, which was called Xiapujiang in ancient times, also known as Houjiang River, with a total length of 148 km from the source to the confluence. Natural fall 1 128m, average gradient 10.8%, annual average flow of 34.43m3/s ... watershed area1394km2.

The Zhouhe River starts at the mouth of Xuanhan County, winds southwest, flows through the south gate, northwest, Lindong and Yang Lie of Xuanhan City, and reaches the county territory. From northeast to southwest, it passes through Renda County, Caojiawan, Hongliang Village, Luojiang Township, Daxian County, passes through Daxian City and seven towns of Luojiang, Heshi and Dushi District of Daxian County, leaves the country at Dahezui, Mutou Township, flows into Nongle, Huidong, Huinan and other towns in Quxian County, and joins Bahe River in Sanhui Town, hereinafter referred to as the main stream of Qujiang River. Zhouhe was called Chuanjiang in ancient times. The drainage area is 8849 square kilometers, and the river length is 108 kilometers. The annual average flow 190 m3/s, according to the historical flood survey, the maximum flow 13700 m3/s( 1902), and the annual average runoff is 601100,000 cubic meters. The river is generally 200 ~ 300 meters wide. Datong River, according to some data, is one of the sources of Qujiang, some are the first-class tributaries on the left bank of Qujiang, and some are tributaries of Bahe River. It was called Dangshui in ancient times and Bashui River in Shaanxi Province. Originated in Micang Mountain, Luojiagou, Hexi, Dahe Town, Xixiang County, Shaanxi Province, flows southwest to Dahe Town, Xixiang County, then turns south, flows to Namaojiahe (Yudonghe), Lianghekou Town, Tongjiang County, Sichuan Province, and finally enters Tongjiang County, Sichuan Province.

Datong River flows through Mengba Township from north to south, reaches the Natie River in Changping Township, then turns southwest, passes through Nixi Township, Yong 'an Town, Bixi Township and Yan Xi Township, and continues to flow southwest in the small mouth river in the northeast of the former Changsheng Township Government, passes through Washi Town and Maoyu Township, reaches the small Tongjiang River in Qijiang Town, and leaves in Shuangquan Township in spring. The total length of the river is 247.7 kilometers, the natural drop 12 19 meters, and the drainage area 1 1950 square kilometers, of which the drainage area of Shaanxi Province is 2978 square kilometers. The drainage area of Sichuan Province is 8972 square kilometers, with the annual average flow of 18 1 m3 per second. The main tributaries of Datong River are Maojia River, Tiexi River, Xiaokou River, Xiaotongjiang River and Tanzhuo River.

Xiaotongjiang, a tributary of the right bank of Datong River, was called Nuoshui in ancient times and Beiba River in Shaanxi Province. It originated in Guangtou Mountain, Xihe Township, Nanzheng County, Shaanxi Province at the southern foot of Micang Mountain, flowed to Xihe Township to the west, then turned south, passed through Beiba Town, 2.5 kilometers southwest of Qianjin Township, and entered Tongjiang County, Sichuan Province, formerly known as Xiaotongjiang. Xiaotongjiang River flows south to Hounahou River in Nuoshui Town, passes Banqiao Township, Qingyu Township, Xinchang Township and Fuyang Town, then turns southwest to Caochi Township, then flows through Daxing Township, and then flows into Datong River at Xiaojiangkou in Nuojiang Town. The total length of the river is 158. 1km, the natural drop is 1097m, and the drainage area is 1906km2, of which the drainage area in Shaanxi Province is 699km2, and that in Sichuan Province is 1207km2, with an average annual flow of 43.8m3 seconds. Xiaotongjiang River is located in the north of Tongjiang County, covering more than 400 square kilometers, with towering peaks on both sides, steep walls, criss-crossing ravines, boundless forests, various landscapes and caves, especially large-scale underground caves. Hundreds of underground caves are adjacent to Qingxi, or the cliffs are majestic and deep, and there are holes in the mountains along the Nuoshui River. These caves are unique, magnificent and fascinating. Houhe River, a tributary on the left bank of the upper reaches of Xiaotongjiang River, originates from Suocaoba, Xihe Township, Nanzheng County, Shaanxi Province at the southern foot of Micang Mountain, flows southward to Zhangfatangping, Fucheng, enters Tongjiang County, Sichuan Province, and joins Xiaotongjiang River in Nuoshuihe Town. The total length of the river is 59.7 kilometers, with a total drainage area of 363 square kilometers.

Tiexi is a first-class tributary of Datong River, which is called Yijia River (Tangjiahe) in Shaanxi Province. Originated in the southeast of Jianggan Mountain (2553 meters above sea level), the main ridge of Micang Mountain in zhenba county City, Shaanxi Province, it flows south to Fangjiaping, Sanyuan Town, turns southwest, leaves the country at Huahezigoukou, and enters Tongjiang County, initially named Tiexi. It flows through Tiexi Town and flows into Datong River in Changping Township, with a total length of 80 kilometers.

Xiaokou River is a first-class tributary of the left bank of Datong River, which is called Xujiahe in Shaanxi Province. It originated in Ji Shao Bay, Qingshui Town, zhenba county City, Shaanxi Province, at the southern foot of Micang Mountain. It flows through Changling Town and Rencun Township from north to south, reaches Nayushui River (Changtan River) in Chinan Township, leaves Shaanxi Province, enters Wanyuan City, Sichuan Province, turns northeast in Yongning Township, turns southwest through Hongqiao Township, and reaches Juesunba in Zhurouyu Town. The total length of the river is 168km, the natural drop is 802m, and the drainage area is 2080km2, of which the drainage area of Shaanxi Province is 880km2, and that of Sichuan Province is 1200km2, with the average flow of 45.9m3/s for many years. There are many tributaries in Qujiang basin, and there are more than 582 tributaries in the whole basin. Among them, there are 2 rivers with a drainage area of over 1.000 square kilometers, 3 rivers with a drainage area of 5000- 1.000 square kilometers, and rivers with drainage areas of 1.000 square kilometers and 1.000 square kilometers. Qujiang is slightly Y-shaped. There are many branches on the main pole, which are shaped like branches. The water system above Sanhui Town in Quxian County is a typical fan-shaped water network. It controls the area of Bazhou basin with 865,438+065,438+09 square kilometers. The total basin area is 392 1 1 km2, and the average annual runoff is 23.5 billion cubic meters. The main stream of Qujiang River is 305.5 kilometers long. The total natural drop is 532m, and the average slope is 0. 17‰. List of major tributaries of Qujiang: river name grade, secondary drainage area (square kilometers), secondary river length (kilometers), Shentan River 1 1340 105 enyang River 12920 140 Tanxi River/kloc-. 7 Xiaokouhe 22 160 130 Xiaotongjiang 2 190 197 Stan River 2 18 1580 Zhouhe1165438.

Basin area [km]

Multi-year average flow (square kilometers)

[m3/s] Domestic gap

Average riverbed slope (m)

(%) Qujiang 99.8 36224 639.92180.16 Bahe 39.2 19927 355.53 8.38 0.29 Zhouhe151. .55 Liujiang 54.37 317135.44 47.63.46 Zhongtan River 46.45 432 5.00120.73.81Qingxi River 20.0370.20.81. 0.86 Xiqiao River13.098.01.1.271.36 Guixi River 47.052142.63271. 15 345 5.87 Lengshui River 26.28 92.51.29 58812.29 Langya River 20.72 48.3 0.67 234.6 17.42 Baishui River 24.10. 70.6 7.99 Tongjiahe 7.01121.30 34 0.6

Main tributaries of Yuechi County:

Xixi River. Originated at the west foot of Jincheng Mountain in Shi Feng Township, Peng 'an County, Nanchong City, it flows from north to south and flows through Tianping Town, Goujiao Town and Quan Min Reservoir in Guang 'an District. Enter Qujiang at the Bund of Pingqiao Bridge in the south of Guang 'an District. The main stream is 78.60 kilometers long and the county area is 36.37 kilometers long. Right nagu county river. The river bed gradient is 3.64‰. In the past 43 years, the average annual flow rate is 3 cubic meters per second, and the basin area is 354 square kilometers. In the late 1950s, Qilong and Huilong Reservoirs were built upstream. The rainwater collection area is controlled at 65.50 square kilometers, and the farmland is controlled at 2400 hectares.

Xinmin River. Originated in Liu Jiayuan, Huaban Township, Yuechi County, it flows through Puan, Giant Buddha, Sailong and other towns and joins Qujiang in Shuiqing Village. The river is 35 kilometers long and the riverbed gradient is 4.60‰. The average annual flow in 43 years is 0.70 cubic meters per second, and the drainage area is 139 square kilometers. In the early 1960s, Huixianqiao Reservoir was built in the upper reaches, controlling 65,438+0,066.67 hectares of farmland.

Luodu River. Originating in the west of Jin Feng Temple in Guangmen Township, Guang 'an District, it enters from Pengjiagou, flows through Huaban, Qifu Township and Luodu Town, and enters Qujiang at Eagle Rock. The basin covers an area of 62.50 square kilometers, the county is 25 kilometers long, and the river bed gradient is 9.80‰. The average annual flow in 43 years is 0.40 cubic meters per second. Downstream drop 125m. In 1960s, Luodu Power Station was completed with an installed capacity of 500kW.

Linxi River. Originated in Yanghe Town in the west of Huaying Mountain, it entered Linxi Town and entered Qujiang from the dock of Zhonghe Town. China's river basin covers an area of 54.62 square kilometers, with a county-level section of 15.20 kilometers and a riverbed gradient of 9. 10‰. The average annual flow in 43 years is 0.92 cubic meters per second.