What are the top ten masterpieces in the world?

Content introduction

18 12 years, Russia and France went to war again. Andre Bohr Konski was badly wounded in the battle, and the Russian army was losing ground when Moscow was about to fall into enemy hands. Rostov replaced the carriage originally used to transport belongings with the carriage used to transport wounded soldiers, so that Nadasha found the dying Andre Bohr Konski among the wounded soldiers. She apologized to him and cared about him enthusiastically, but in vain. Andre Paul Kanski still failed to escape death and died. Bill disguised himself as a farmer and tried to assassinate Napoleon, but he was arrested by the French army and became a prisoner. His wife, Allen, continued her debauchery during the war. Finally, she died because of taking abortion medicine by mistake. After several battles, Russia finally won. Bill happened to meet Nadasha in Moscow and they got married. Andrei Polanski's sister Maria also married Nadasha's brother Nikolai.

Brief introduction of the author

Lev tolstoy (левниколаевичтолстой). Other works include The Landlord's Morning, Cossack and The Story of Sevastopol. He also wrote many fairy tales. He worked hard all his life and reached the peak of critical realism literature in Europe at that time. He also tried to create "the first-class works in world literature" with his powerful brushwork and superb artistic skills, so he was praised by Lenin as "a genius artist with the most vivid realism".

2. Notre Dame de Paris

Content introduction

Quasimodo, an ugly deaf man, was adopted by Father Claude of Notre Dame as a bell ringer. Since I met the beautiful gypsy girl Esmeralda, my father Claude was fascinated by her beauty and ordered quasimodo to take Esmeralda away by force. Rescued by Captain Forbis on the way, Esmeralda fell in love with Forbis. However, Forbis was a romantic, but he was assassinated by Claude in bad karma, but he didn't die. He framed Esmeralda and was sentenced to death. When quasimodo was executed, she rescued Esmeralda and hid in Notre Dame. Beggars rushed into the church to save Esmeralda and mistakenly fought with quasimodo. Esmeralda was strangled by Claude's army in the square. Quasimodo angrily threw Esmeralda from the top floor of the church and caressed Ace.

Brief introduction of the author

Victor hugo (1February 26th, 802-1May 22nd, 885) is the leader of the French romantic movement and one of the greatest writers in the history of French literature. His life almost spanned the whole19th century, and his literary career lasted for 60 years, with enduring creation. His romantic novels are wonderful and moving, vigorous and powerful, and have permanent charm for readers. Hugo 1802 was born in Shaoshangsong City in the south of France. My grandfather is a carpenter, and my father is an officer in the China army. He was awarded the rank of general by Joseph Bonaparte, the brother of King Napoleon of Spain, and was a close friend of the king. 1885, Hugo died of pneumonia at the age of 83. He was buried in the Pantheon, where famous French commemorative cards were gathered.

3. Childhood

Content introduction

Gorky (Aletha), the little hero, lives with his mother at his grandfather's house after his father died. In the meantime, he was loved and cared for by his grandmother, influenced by the beautiful fairy tales told by her, and witnessed the quarrel and struggle between two uncles for family property, as well as the selfishness and greed shown in the trivial matters of life. Gorky (Aletha) spent his childhood in this "suffocating and terrible world". On Earth: Gorky told us that when he was 1 1 years old, his mother died unfortunately and his grandfather went bankrupt. He can't go on living like this and go out into the society. He was an apprentice in a shoe store and an icon workshop, and also worked as a handyman in a painter's house and on a boat, and suffered a lot in the world. While washing dishes on a ship, Gorky got to know the honest chef smalley and started reading with his help, which inspired his determination to pursue justice and truth. Five years later, Gorky went to Kazan with the hope of entering the university. My university profile: tells the story of Gorky's life in Kazan. 16 years old, went to Kazan to go to college. After his dream was shattered, he had to run for survival.

Brief introduction of the author

Maxim Gorky (1868-1936) is the founder of the Soviet proletarian literature and an outstanding representative of the world socialist literature. He lost his father at the age of 4 and lived with his mother at his grandfather's house. 10 years old, grandpa went bankrupt because of a fire, so he was thrown into the "human world" and began to support himself. /kloc-When he arrived in Kazan at the age of 0/6, he wanted to go to college. As a result, the slums and docks of Kazan became his "social university". There, he contacted revolutionary groups of progressive youth and read the Manifesto of Producers' Party and Das Kapital. 1899, Gorky completed his first novel, Fuma? Gore deyev. 190 1 year, Gorky was arrested for participating in a demonstration in Petersburg. The famous prose poem "Song of Haiyan" was written after he participated in this demonstration. He used this passionate revolutionary prose to meet the revolutionary storm of the proletariat in the 20th century. In the same year, he wrote his first play Ordinary Citizen, and his outstanding achievement was to create the image of the first revolutionary proletariat (revolutionary worker Neil) in the history of world literature. 1902, he wrote "At the Bottom", which is a summary of the author's observation on the life of the homeless in the past 20 years and a masterpiece of Gorky's drama. Gorky joined the revolutionary movement as a soldier during the high revolutionary situation in 1905, and his residence became one of the strongholds of the armed uprising in Moscow in 1905.

He wrote his life into the autobiographical trilogy "Childhood", "On Earth" and "My University". 1892, he published his first novel, Macard Cudla, and made his mark in the literary world. The publication of Song of Haiyan in 190 1 marked the new development of Gorky's creation. His major works include Mother, Little Citizen and The Last Generation. Mother is his best work.

Gorky presided over the first congress of Soviet writers in 1934 and was elected as the chairman. 1936 died in June 18.

4. Wuthering heights

Content introduction

A man who loves to the extreme has made crazy behavior. He killed people with love, but he also committed suicide with love. After Catherine died, he lived in pain. When Catherine was dying, he stabbed her with words. However, Heathcliff suffered two kinds of pain, his own and Catherine's. I admire such a affectionate man. Although a little abnormal and cruel, I can't hate him. Still full of sympathy for him. Even moved by his crazy love. Relatively speaking, Catherine is too selfish. She loves Heathcliff and married rich London. It can be said that a large part of the tragedies of Wuthering Heights and Thrushcross Grange were created by her own hands. Heathcliff, this is crazy. But charming. Of course, London is also a good husband. It's just, it's a little silly Catherine: She is very bad and selfish, but her persistence in love makes her exude the mixed charm of good women and bad women.

Brief introduction of the author

Emily bronte (18 18~ 1848), 19 century English novelist and poet, is one of the famous "Bronte Three Sisters" in the history of English literature. This woman writer died in obscurity after only 30 years in the world, but her only novel Wuthering Heights established her position in the history of English literature and world literature. Besides, she also wrote 193 poems, which is regarded as a talented female writer in Britain. Emily. Bronte's thirty years of life was a period of social unrest in England. Capitalism is developing, and its inherent defects are increasingly exposed; The contradiction between labor and capital is sharp; Poverty of unemployed workers; A large number of child laborers were brutally tortured to death (this is from the famous British poetess Elizabeth? Barrett? Browning's long poem "The Cry of a Child" can be seen.

5. david copperfield

Content introduction

David copperfield reveals the real face of society at that time through the joys and sorrows of the protagonist David's life, highlighting the corrosive effect of money on marriage, family and society. A series of tragedies in the novel are all caused by money. Maud Si Tong cheated David's mother because he coveted her property; Emily's elopement can't stand the temptation of money; The pain of the wakefield family and the despair of Haimu are all the consequences of money. The despicable Heep also gradually degenerated under the temptation of money, and finally ended up in a shameful life imprisonment. Dickens exposed the evil of money from the humanitarian point of view, which opened the beautiful curtain of "Victoria prosperity" and revealed the hidden social truth.

Brief introduction of the author

19th century British critical realist novelist. Dickens paid special attention to describing the life experiences of the "little people" living at the bottom of British society, which profoundly reflected the complex social reality of Britain at that time and made outstanding contributions to the development and growth of British critical realism literature. His works are still popular today and have had a far-reaching impact on the development of English literature. His major works include The Legend of Pickwick, Oliver Twist, Old Antique Shop, Hard Times and Our Friends.

6. Red and black

Content introduction

Through the literary image of Julien, on the one hand, it describes the panic of the nobility and the middle and small bourgeoisie under the impact of the wave of people's revolution on the eve of the French July Revolution; On the other hand, it created an artistic image of an individual careerist who appeared in the social upheaval, and beautified the bourgeois outlook on life and happiness. The structure of the novel is rigorous and symmetrical, the language is concise and fluent, the characters' images and personalities are closely connected with the environment, and it is good at revealing the contradictions and conflicts in the characters' hearts and the instantaneous changes in their thoughts and feelings, thus highlighting the characters' personality characteristics. This is the greatest artistic feature of this book.

Brief introduction of the author

Stendhal (1783-1842) was an outstanding French writer of critical realism in the 19th century. His life is not long, less than 60 years old, literature started late, and he began to publish his works in his thirties. However, he left a huge spiritual legacy to mankind, including several long articles, dozens of short stories, millions of words of literary theory, essays, travel notes and so on. He is famous for his accurate psychological analysis of characters and concise brushwork. He is regarded as one of the most important and earliest realists. The most famous works are Red and Black (1830) and Bama Monastery (1839).

7. les Miserables

Content introduction

In Les Miserables, Hugo showed the cruel reality that capitalist society enslaved working people and forced them into prostitution with outstanding artistic charm. Hugo's masterpiece has created a long historical story reflecting the social and political life of modern France. The book spans nearly half a century, and the combination of personal destiny and historical themes is magnificent and colorful, which embodies Hugo's extraordinary talent in narrative to the maximum extent. In terms of richness, profundity and complexity, it undoubtedly ranks first among Hugo's many works.

Brief introduction of the author

Victor hugo (1802.2.26 ~1885.5.22), a French romantic writer, a humanitarian representative, a representative writer of the active romantic literary movement in the early19th century, and an outstanding bourgeois democratic writer in the history of French literature, was called "French Shakespeare".

8. Anna karenin

Content introduction

The story took place in St. Petersburg in the19th century. Anna, the heroine, used to be the wife of a government official, but she fell in love with a handsome officer Wilansky during a trip and still cheated after returning home. This incident was later discovered by her husband Karen Ting, who threatened Anna to never see her beloved son again. Anna went to Vilansky and lived a happy life for a short time, but soon Vilansky got tired of this relationship and longed to restore her free life in the army. Anna missed her beloved son more and more, and finally hit the train in despair and committed suicide.

Brief introduction of the author

Full name: Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy, Russian writer and thinker,1the greatest litterateur at the end of the 9th century and the beginning of the 20th century,1the great Russian critical realist writer in the 9th century, and one of the most outstanding writers in the history of world literature. Known as "the most vivid realism", he is a "talented artist". His major works include the novels War and Peace, anna karenine and Resurrection, and a large number of fairy tales are worshipped by most people. His works describe the tenacious struggle of the people during the Russian revolution, so they are called "the mirror of the October Revolution in Russia". Lenin once praised him for creating "first-rate" works in world literature. His works, Seven Diamonds, Diving, The Poor, etc. were included in People's Education Edition and Hebei Education Edition.

9. john christopher

Content introduction

This is a detailed record of the artistic development of a musical genius. Romain rolland's portrayal of the protagonist's spiritual activities in his book has achieved great success. In addition, he also eliminated the artistic barrier between France and Germany. The experience of John Christophe, that is, the experience of every genius who abandons the past and opens up the future, also comes from Beethoven. Roland 19 15 won the Nobel Prize in Literature, mainly because of his masterpiece john christopher.

Brief introduction of the author

Romain rolland (1866- 1944) is a French thinker, writer, critical realist writer, music critic and social activist.

10, gone with the wind

Content introduction

It tells a love story set in the American Civil War. Scarlett O 'Hara, the hero of the novel, is the daughter of a rich and prestigious planter in Georgia, USA. Father Gerald is an immigrant from Ireland. When he first arrived in Georgia, Gerald was penniless and won the ownership of Tarot Manor by gambling. So he began to start a business in this red land and weave his American dream. It was not until he was 43 years old that he married Allen, the daughter of a French immigrant on the east coast. 15. Gerald has a good heart but a bad temper, while his young wife has a good family education and strict moral values. She personally manages the daily affairs of the whole manor, and even treats the slaves in the manor and delivers babies. Therefore, the couple were respected by the surrounding white manor owners and loved by the black slaves. Daughter Scarlett grew up slowly in this environment.

186 1 April, the north-south relationship in the United States has been very tense. People in Georgia are talking about the inevitable war. However, Scarlett, who is 16 years old, has no interest in this. In addition to dancing and outing, there are those admirers who surround her. She was surprised when she heard that Ashley Wilkes would announce her engagement to Melanie at the picnic the next day. She has always liked Ashley's gentlemanly manner and thinks that she is much better than Melanie in every way. With her charm, she is sure to persuade Ashley to elope with her. But at the party the next day, Scarlett never found a chance to talk to Ashley alone, because Ashley was already with Melanie. Out of a revenge, Scarlett easily attracted Melanie's brother Charles to her side. A few words fascinated this inexperienced and shy young man. After the party, the male guests are arguing fiercely about the current situation. Gerald had a particularly heated argument with a stranger named Rhett Butler. Leite believes that the south has no industrial resources, and it will definitely lose when it fights; On the other hand, Gerald and his friends thought that the Yankees could surrender without a fight, and only fight one or two wars and then surrender. In the afternoon, Scarlett finally seized an opportunity to talk to Ashley about her thoughts, but Ashley politely refused. Scarlett felt abandoned by Ashley. She slapped Ashley in the face in a rage.

Brief introduction of the author

Margaret mitchell (1900— 1949) is a famous modern American woman writer. Born in Atlanta, she received a doctorate in literature and worked as a reporter for Atlanta News. She won the Pulitzer Prize with 1937. 1939 won the gold medal of new york Southern Association. 1949, she was killed by a car. She didn't leave many works in her short life, but Gone with the Wind alone is enough to establish her unshakable position in the history of world literature.