How dark was medieval medicine?

Provine century festival. (Source: European Times)

The reports compiled by Zhou Yilun in the European Times are crowded, noisy and smelly ... The Middle Ages are usually called the Dark Ages, but now more and more historians want to clear their names for the Middle Ages. Many historians believe that art, science, medicine and commerce all developed in the Middle Ages. But the Middle Ages were sandwiched between splendid ancient Greek and Roman civilization and Renaissance, which was too bleak. What is "real" medieval life? The following performances or exhibitions about the medieval culture in Paris and its suburbs will unveil the mystery for us and lead us to the "real" life picture in the Middle Ages.

Reproduce busy cities in the Middle Ages.

With the arrival of bright April, the medieval town of Provinse, located in the southeast suburb of Paris, officially ushered in the tourist season. In February, 200165438+,UNESCO listed it on the World Cultural Heritage List. This ancient town confirms the development of European economy, trade, culture and urban construction planning in the 3rd century, and still retains the original structure and true features of the city. Nowadays, with the arrival of the tourist season, various medieval performances in the ancient town will reproduce the prosperity and excitement of the town for tourists.

Legend of knight

In 20 16, the performance "LaLégendedeschevaliers" in provins received about 1 10000 audience, including horse riding, animal training, juggling, and performances by ComtedeChampagne and his partner Princess BlanchedeCastille. After the performance, visitors can also meet the actors and get in touch with the knight's white horse.

Performance time: April1-July 7 15h45 (weekend), 14h30 (working day); July 8-September 1 15h45 (weekend) and 15h (working day); From September 2nd to September 30th, 15h45 (weekend) and 14h30 (working day); 65438+1October1-165438+1October 5 15h45 (weekend)

Performance duration: 45 minutes. Admission price: 12 euro (adult), 8 euro (4- 12 year old child).

Eagle training performance

Provinse will also stage two falcon training performances every day, LesAiglesdesRemparts, when the audience can see the falcon's heroic posture. From 4000 years ago, our ancestors mastered falcon training to hunt, and reached its peak in the Middle Ages. At present, falcon training has been included in the intangible cultural heritage of mankind. At the end of the performance, the audience can watch hundreds of birds from about 30 different species at close range, which is very spectacular.

Performance time: April 1 to June 30th 14h30, 17h (weekend),14h3h, 16h (working day); July1-August 3 1 14h30 and 17h (weekend),14h30 and 16h30 (working day); September1-June 65438+1October14h30 and 17h (weekend),14h3h (working day, Wednesday16h). 65438+1October 2nd-165438+1October 5th 14h30 and 15h45 (weekends) and 14h30h (working days).

Performance duration: 50 minutes

Admission price: 12 euro (adult), 8 euro (4- 12 year old child).

Medieval festivals

The "Medieval Festival" held in Provinse every year attracts medieval culture lovers. Last year, * * * 80,000 tourists took part in this festival. The theme of the 34th Medieval Festival this year is "Glory and Color in the Middle Ages", which will lead tourists back to the hustle and bustle of the champagne market in12-13rd century.

Time: June 24th and 25th.

Ticket price: 1 day ticket 1 1 euro, 2-day ticket1euro; If you wear medieval clothes, 1 5 euros for a day ticket and 6 euros for a 2-day ticket; 12 or less is free.

Clooney Museum: Beauty and the Mysterious Charm of Unicorns

/kloc-In the 3rd century, MuséedeCluny, the national museum in medieval Paris, was once the residence of Clooney Monastery in Burgundy. People from these monasteries came to give lectures at Clooney College in Paris. From17th century to the French Revolution, the papal ambassador lived here until 1843, when it was built as a medieval museum. Interestingly, this medieval museum was built on the ruins of a Roman public bathroom, and its building itself is a rare historical relic.

This museum contains many medieval cultural heritages and is the first place to learn about daily life in the Middle Ages. In particular, six large tapestries, laDameàlalicorne, are the treasures of the town hall. These six tapestries were woven around 1500 years ago, and five of them symbolize the five senses of human beings, namely, touch, taste, smell, hearing and vision. The sixth and most mysterious one is considered to symbolize the sixth sense, but historians have many different interpretations of what the sixth sense is. Some researchers interpret it as "free will", which symbolizes the decision of the beauty in white to give up secular happiness. Aside from the interpretation of the mysterious meaning of tapestry, tapestry itself exudes a quiet beauty. The tapestry is covered with exotic flowers and plants, and there are all kinds of animals, just like the Garden of Eden, which is exquisite. The expressive expressions of unicorns and beautiful women always arouse the appreciator's meditation.

Address: 6PlacePaulPainlevé, 75005, Paris

Ticket price: 8 euros, 6 euros (discount ticket)

Paris Science and Industry City: Discovering "New Things" in the Middle Ages

In order to break people's inherent prejudice against the Middle Ages, the exhibition "What's New in the Middle Ages?" It is being held in Paris Industrial Science City. (QuoideneufauMoyen.ge？ ) shows a "real" Middle Ages that is neither gloomy nor monotonous.

The first part of the exhibition gives visitors an overview of the important historical periods in the Middle Ages. Through the white arcade, a large number of pictures give visitors a general impression of the Middle Ages. Then, the core part of the exhibition, "New Things in the Middle Ages", shows the rich innovations and technologies in the Middle Ages and all aspects of society. The exhibition is not in chronological order, but divided into six parts according to different cultures: the source of residents, daily life in rural areas, scenic resources, elite figures, tourism exchanges and urban appearance. Visitors can explore unexpected "new things" about the Middle Ages, such as handicrafts in the 5th century, innovative tomb technology, excavation technology, the development of cities and villages, medieval democratic ideas, cavalry technology and medieval architecture. A large number of interactive games make the visit lively and interesting. Far from religion and kingship, Paris Science and Industry City rekindled people's interest in medieval culture from a brand-new and unique perspective.

Practical information

Address: 750 Cariou Avenue, No.30 Industrial Science City, Paris19.

Opening hours: 10h- 18h Tuesday to Saturday; 10 hour-19 hour Sunday

Ticket price: 12 Euro; Special price 9 euros

Deadline for exhibition: 2065438+August 6, 2007

Link: Exploring Medieval Nutrition

People's concept of medieval cuisine is often vague, accompanied by many wrong impressions. In fact, since the Middle Ages, people began to emphasize the freshness of food and strict cooking control, and implemented special diet methods to fight diseases.

According to the French magazine LePoint, since the13rd century, people have begun to pay attention to public health and health issues. This first affects people's daily diet. People began to eat new kinds of vegetables, such as spinach; Sucrose from Spain, Sicily and Cyprus also entered people's cooking. Finally, a new type of "literature" was born in the Middle Ages, that is, cookbooks. Although, the recipes at that time were only simple recipes to help the king's royal chefs remember.

/kloc-in the 0/9th century, people imagined a group of meat lovers in the Middle Ages. However, the fact is that under the daily supervision of the municipal authorities, the meat and fish sold in the market are very fresh. Unsold meat is thrown away or burned every two days in summer, and every three or four days in winter. The sale of drugs is also strictly controlled:/kloc-Around the 4th century, all drugs synthesized by pharmacists must be labeled with expiration date.

People always describe medieval food as monotonous, greasy, rough and pungent. In fact, people in the Middle Ages preferred sauces mixed with vinegar or wine and fine spices, and used bread cores to thicken juice, rather than making sauces with flour and butter. At that time, the most famous green sauce was made of bread, sour grape juice, parsley, ginger and vinegar. In the Middle Ages, people preferred bitter taste, sweet and sour taste and sour taste (mainly sour grape juice and vinegar).

Medieval meat cooking helped digestion. People will scald it with boiling water before baking. In addition, people also reduce fat through barbecue.

Doctors are also increasingly entering the field of diet. People begin to follow some special eating habits, such as pregnant women, travelers, the elderly or obese patients, especially obesity is prevalent in over-nourished nobles and exotic fruit and candy lovers. In order to fight obesity, a morally criticized disease, doctors will treat patients with a very strict diet, such as eating only one meal every two days and banning all fattening foods, such as butter, honey, starchy food, porridge and walnuts. And ask patients to exercise, such as taking a walk after meals, taking a bath, taking a sauna in a hot sand pit by the sea, and even carrying out some invasive treatments, such as massage, applying ointment, or using it.